Developmental trajectories in primary schoolchildren using n-back task

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn 7, Issue MAY, 2016, Pages

  López Vicente, Mónica ^a,b,c,d   Forns, Joan ^a,b,c,e   Suades González, Elisabet ^a,b,f   Esnaola, Mikel ^a,b,c   García Esteban, Raquel ^a,b,c   Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar ^a,b,c   Júlvez, Jordi ^a,b,c,d,g   Burgaleta, Miguel ^b   Sebastián Gallés, Núria ^b   Sunyer, Jordi ^a,b,c,d  

^a CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY CREAL   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

^c CIBER EPIDEMIOLOGÍA Y SALUD PÚBLICA CIBERESP   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^e NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^g HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Follow up; Longitudinal study; N back; Neurodevelopment; Population study; Schoolchildren; Working memory

Indexed keywords

EID: 84974715277     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00716     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Amador-Campos, J. A., Forns-Santacana, M., Guàrdia-Olmos, J., and Peró-Cebollero, M. (2006). DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: agreement between informants in prevalence and factor structure at different ages. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 28, 23-32. doi: 10.1007/s10862-006-4538-x
2. American Psychiatric Association (2002). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico De Los Trastornos Mentales. Barcelona: Masson.
3. Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychol. 8, 71-82. doi: 10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724
4. Becker, M. G., Isaac, W., and Hynd, G. W. (1987). Neuropsychological development of nonverbal behaviors attributed to "frontal lobe" functioning. Dev. Neuropsychol. 3, 275-298. doi: 10.1080/87565648709540381
5. Best, J. R., and Miller, P. H. (2010). A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Dev. 81, 1641-1660. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x
6. Carling, S. J., Demment, M. M., Kjolhede, C. L., and Olson, C. M. (2015). Breastfeeding duration and weight gain trajectory in infancy. Pediatrics 135, 111-119. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1392
7. Ciesielski, K. T., Lesnik, P. G., Savoy, R. L., Grant, E. P., and Ahlfors, S. P. (2006). Developmental neural networks in children performing a categorical N-back task. Neuroimage 33, 980-990. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.028
8. Conklin, H. M., Luciana, M., Hooper, C. J., and Yarger, R. S. (2007). Working memory performance in typically developing children and adolescents: behavioral evidence of protracted frontal lobe development. Dev. Neuropsychol. 31, 103-128. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn3101_6
9. Cowan, N., Nugent, L. D., Elliott, E. M., Ponomarev, I., and Saults, J. S. (1999). The role of attention in the development of short-term memory: age differences in the verbal span of apprehension. Child Dev. 70, 1082-1097. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00080
10. Daneman, M., and Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 19, 450-466. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6
11. Deserno, L., Sterzer, P., Wüstenberg, T., Heinz, A., and Schlagenhauf, F. (2012). Reduced prefrontal-parietal effective connectivity and working memory deficits in schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 32, 12-20. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3405-11.2012
12. Dikmen, S. S., Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., and Temkin, N. R. (1999). Test-retest reliability and practice effects of expanded halstead-reitan neuropsychological test battery. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 5, 346-356. doi: 10.1017/S1355617799544056
13. Dirks, M. A., Boyle, M. H., and Georgiades, K. (2011). Psychological symptoms in youth and later socioeconomic functioning: do associations vary by informant? J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 40, 10-22. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.533403
14. Dorfberger, S., Adi-Japha, E., and Karni, A. (2009). Sex differences in motor performance and motor learning in children and adolescents: an increasing male advantage in motor learning and consolidation phase gains. Behav. Brain Res. 198, 165-171. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.033
15. Forns, J., Esnaola, M., López-Vicente, M., Suades-González, E., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Julvez, J., et al. (2014). The n-back test and the attentional network task as measures of child neuropsychological development in epidemiological studies. Neuropsychology 28, 519-529. doi: 10.1037/neu0000085
16. Gathercole, S. E., Brown, L., and Pickering, S. J. (2003). Working Memory Assessments at School Entry as Longitudinal Predictors of National Curriculum Attainment Levels, Vol. 20. Educational and Child Psychology. Available online at: http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/publications/working-memory-assessments-at-school-entry-as-longitudinal-predictors-of-national-curriculum-attainment-levels(354b0a75-a1c9-4e2f-857a-ae4226e82738)/export.html
17. Giles, L. C., Whitrow, M. J., Davies, M. J., Davies, C. E., Rumbold, A. R., and Moore, V. M. (2015). Growth trajectories in early childhood, their relationship with antenatal and postnatal factors, and development of obesity by age 9 years: results from an Australian birth cohort study. Int. J. Obes. 39, 1049-1056. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.42
18. Gomez, R. (2007). Testing gender differential item functioning for ordinal and binary scored parent rated ADHD symptoms. Pers. Individ. Dif. 42, 733-742. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.011
19. Grön, G., Wunderlich, A. P., Spitzer, M., Tomczak, R., and Riepe, M. W. (2000). Brain activation during human navigation: gender-different neural networks as substrate of performance. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 404-408. doi: 10.1038/73980
20. Halford, G. S., Wilson, W. H., and Phillips, S. (1998). Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology. Behav. Brain Sci. 21, 803-831; discussion 831-864. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X98001769
21. Korsch, F., and Petermann, F. (2014). Agreement between parents and teachers on preschool children's behavior in a clinical sample with externalizing behavioral problems. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 45, 617-627. doi: 10.1007/s10578-013-0430-6
22. Krikorian, R., and Bartok, J. A. (1998). Developmental data for the porteus maze test. Clin. Neuropsychol. 12, 305-310. doi: 10.1076/clin.12.3.305.1984
23. Lei, X., Chen, Y., Ye, J., Ouyang, F., Jiang, F., and Zhang, J. (2015). The optimal postnatal growth trajectory for term small for gestational age babies: a prospective cohort study. J. Pediatr. 166, 54-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.09.025
24. Lejbak, L., Crossley, M., and Vrbancic, M. (2011). A male advantage for spatial and object but not verbal working memory using the N-back task. BrCn Cogn. 76, 191-196. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.12.002
25. Lødrup Carlsen, K. C., Mowinckel, P., Hovland, V., Håland, G., Riiser, A., and Carlsen, K.-H. (2014). Lung function trajectories from birth through puberty reflect asthma phenotypes with allergic comorbidity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 134, 917-923.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.020
26. López-Vicente, M., Sunyer, J., Forns, J., Torrent, M., and Júlvez, J. (2014). Continuous performance test II outcomes in 11-year-old children with early ADHD symptoms: a longitudinal study. Neuropsychology 28, 202-211. doi: 10.1037/neu0000048
27. Luciana, M., Conklin, H. M., Hooper, C. J., and Yarger, R. S. (2005). The development of nonverbal working memory and executive control processes in adolescents. Child Dev. 76, 697-712. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00872.x
28. Mollica, C. M., Maruff, P., Collie, A., and Vance, A. (2005). Repeated assessment of cognition in children and the measurement of performance change. Child Neuropsychol. 11, 303-310. doi: 10.1080/092970490911306
29. Mous, S. E., Muetzel, R. L., El Marroun, H., Polderman, T. J. C., van der Lugt, A., Jaddoe, V. W., et al. (2014). Cortical thickness and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms in young children: a population-based study. Psychol. Med. 44, 3203-3213. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714000877
30. Nelson, C. A., Monk, C. S., Lin, J., Carver, L. J., Thomas, K. M., and Truwit, C. L. (2000). Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children. Dev. Psychol. 36, 109-116. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.109
31. Pelegrina, S., Lechuga, M. T., García-Madruga, J. A., Elosúa, M. R., Macizo, P., Carreiras, M., et al. (2015). Normative data on the N-back task for children and young adolescents. Front. Psychol. 6:1544. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01544
32. Rose, N. S. (2013). Individual differences in working memory, secondary memory, and fluid intelligence: evidence from the levels-of-processing span task. Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 67, 260-270. doi: 10.1037/a0034351
33. Schmidt, H., Jogia, J., Fast, K., Christodoulou, T., Haldane, M., Kumari, V., et al. (2009). No gender differences in brain activation during the N-back task: an fMRI study in healthy individuals. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 3609-3615. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20783
34. Semrud-Clikeman, M., Pliszka, S., and Liotti, M. (2008). Executive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: combined type with and without a stimulant medication history. Neuropsychology 22, 329-340. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.22.3.329
35. Sergeant, J. A., Geurts, H., and Oosterlaan, J. (2002). How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Behav. Brain Res. 130, 3-28. doi: 10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00430-2
36. Shaw, P., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Blumenthal, J., Lerch, J. P., Greenstein, D., et al. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 19649-19654. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707741104
37. Shaw, P., Gilliam, M., Liverpool, M., Weddle, C., Malek, M., Sharp, W., et al. (2011). Cortical development in typically developing children with symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity: support for a dimensional view of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 168, 143-151. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030385
38. Shivde, G., and Thompson-Schill, S. L. (2004). Dissociating semantic and phonological maintenance using fMRI. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 10-19. doi: 10.3758/CABN.4.1.10
39. Sunyer, J., Esnaola, M., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Forns, J., Rivas, I., López-Vicente, M., et al. (2015). Association between traffic-related air pollution in schools and cognitive development in primary school children: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 12:e1001792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001792
40. Tamnes, C. K., Walhovd, K. B., Grydeland, H., Holland, D., Østby, Y., Dale, A. M., et al. (2013). Longitudinal working memory development is related to structural maturation of frontal and parietal cortices. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 25, 1611-1623. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00434
41. Thomason, M. E., Race, E., Burrows, B., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Glover, G. H., and Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2009). Development of spatial and verbal working memory capacity in the human brain. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 21, 316-332. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21028
42. Torres, A., Gómez-Gil, E., Vidal, A., Puig, O., Boget, T., and Salamero, M. (2006). Gender differences in cognitive functions and influence of sex hormones. Actas Esp. Psiquiatr. 34, 408-415.
43. Turner, M. L., and Engle, R. W. (1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent? J. Mem. Lang. 28, 127-154. doi: 10.1016/0749-596X(89)90040-5
44. Ullman, H., Almeida, R., and Klingberg, T. (2014). Structural maturation and brain activity predict future working memory capacity during childhood development. J. Neurosci. 34, 1592-1598. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0842-13.2014
45. Vuontela, V., Carlson, S., Troberg, A.-M., Fontell, T., Simola, P., Saarinen, S., et al. (2013). Working memory, attention, inhibition, and their relation to adaptive functioning and behavioral/emotional symptoms in school-aged children. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 44, 105-122. doi: 10.1007/s10578-012-0313-2
46. Vuontela, V., Steenari, M.-R., Aronen, E. T., Korvenoja, A., Aronen, H. J., and Carlson, S. (2009). Brain activation and deactivation during location and color working memory tasks in 11-13-year-old children. Brain Cogn. 69, 56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.05.010
47. Vuontela, V., Steenari, M.-R., Carlson, S., Koivisto, J., Fjällberg, M., and Aronen, E. T. (2003). Audiospatial and visuospatial working memory in 6-13 year old school children. Learn. Mem. 10, 74-81. doi: 10.1101/lm.53503
48. Welsh, M. C., Pennington, B. F., and Groisser, D. B. (1991). A normative-developmental study of executive function: a window on prefrontal function in children. Dev. Neuropsychol. 7, 131-149. doi: 10.1080/87565649109540483
49. Willcutt, E. G., and Pennington, B. F. (2000). Comorbidity of reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: differences by gender and subtype. J. Learn. Disabil. 33, 179-191. doi: 10.1177/002221940003300206
50. Yeatman, J. D., Dougherty, R. F., Ben-Shachar, M., and Wandell, B. A. (2012). Development of white matter and reading skills. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, E3045-3053. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206792109
51. Østby, Y., Tamnes, C. K., Fjell, A. M., and Walhovd, K. B. (2011). Morphometry and connectivity of the fronto-parietal verbal working memory network in development. Neuropsychologia 49, 3854-3862 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.001