메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 411-423

Human infective potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in urban wastewater treatment plant effluents

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; Genotype; Giardia; Wastewater; Wwtp effluent

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE DIOXIDE; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; AZIDE; PROPIDIUM MONOAZIDE; WASTE WATER;

EID: 84974593899     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.192     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0025831040 scopus 로고
    • The biology of Giardia spp
    • Adam, R. D. 1991 The biology of Giardia spp. Microbiol. Rev. 55 (4), 706-732.
    • (1991) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 706-732
    • Adam, R.D.1
  • 2
    • 33846933028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of UV-induced thymine dimers in individual Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocysts by immunofluorescence microscopy
    • Al-Adhami, B. H., Nichols, R. A., Kusel, J. R., O'Grady, J. & Smith, H. V. 2007 Detection of UV-induced thymine dimers in individual Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocysts by immunofluorescence microscopy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 947-955.
    • (2007) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.73 , pp. 947-955
    • Al-Adhami, B.H.1    Nichols, R.A.2    Kusel, J.R.3    O'Grady, J.4    Smith, H.5
  • 3
    • 84903775611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of viable Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in wastewater using propidium monoazide quantitative real-time PCR
    • Alonso, J. L., Amoros, I. & Guy, R. A. 2014 Quantification of viable Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in wastewater using propidium monoazide quantitative real-time PCR. Parasitol. Res. 113 (7), 2671-2678.
    • (2014) Parasitol. Res. , vol.113 , Issue.7 , pp. 2671-2678
    • Alonso, J.L.1    Amoros, I.2    Guy, R.A.3
  • 4
    • 81355154310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: Review of worldwide outbreaks-an update 2004-2010
    • Baldursson, S. & Karanis, P. 2011 Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks-an update 2004-2010. Water Res. 45 (20), 6603-6614.
    • (2011) Water Res. , vol.45 , Issue.20 , pp. 6603-6614
    • Baldursson, S.1    Karanis, P.2
  • 5
    • 84905748777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium and Giardia in tropical recreational marine waters contaminated with domestic sewage: Estimation of bathing-associated disease risks
    • Betancourt, W. Q., Duarte, D. C., Vasquez, R. C. & Gurian, P. L. 2014 Cryptosporidium and Giardia in tropical recreational marine waters contaminated with domestic sewage: estimation of bathing-associated disease risks. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 85 (1), 268-273.
    • (2014) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 268-273
    • Betancourt, W.Q.1    Duarte, D.C.2    Vasquez, R.C.3    Gurian, P.L.4
  • 6
    • 70350503115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium propidium monoazide-PCR, a molecular biology-based technique for genotyping of viable Cryptosporidium oocysts
    • Brescia, C. C., Griffin, S. M., Ware, M. W., Varughese, E. A., Egorov, A. I. & Villegas, E. N. 2009 Cryptosporidium propidium monoazide-PCR, a molecular biology-based technique for genotyping of viable Cryptosporidium oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (21), 6856-6863.
    • (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.75 , Issue.21 , pp. 6856-6863
    • Brescia, C.C.1    Griffin, S.M.2    Ware, M.W.3    Varughese, E.A.4    Egorov, A.I.5    Villegas, E.N.6
  • 8
    • 53049106883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B
    • Cacciò, S. M., Beck, R., Lalle, M., Marinculic, A. & Pozio, E. 2008 Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B. Int. J. Parasitol. 38 (13), 1523-1531.
    • (2008) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.38 , Issue.13 , pp. 1523-1531
    • Cacciò, S.M.1    Beck, R.2    Lalle, M.3    Marinculic, A.4    Pozio, E.5
  • 9
    • 4444261404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture
    • Carr, R. M., Blumenthal, U. J. & Mara, D. D. 2004 Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture. Water Sci. Technol. 50 (2), 31-38.
    • (2004) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 31-38
    • Carr, R.M.1    Blumenthal, U.J.2    Mara, D.D.3
  • 10
    • 32544435652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of disinfection techniques in the treatment of advanced primary treated wastewater for Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
    • Carrasco, L. & Turner, C. D. 2006 Evaluation of disinfection techniques in the treatment of advanced primary treated wastewater for Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Water Environ. Res. 78 (1), 49-58.
    • (2006) Water Environ. Res. , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-58
    • Carrasco, L.1    Turner, C.D.2
  • 11
    • 54049101618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of treated wastewater to the contamination of recreational river areas with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
    • Castro-Hermida, J. A., Garcia-Presedo, I., Almeida, A., Gonzalez-Warleta, M., Correia Da Costa, J. M. & Mezo, M. 2008 Contribution of treated wastewater to the contamination of recreational river areas with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. Water Res. 42 (13), 3528-3538.
    • (2008) Water Res. , vol.42 , Issue.13 , pp. 3528-3538
    • Castro-Hermida, J.A.1    Garcia-Presedo, I.2    Almeida, A.3    Gonzalez-Warleta, M.4    Correia Da Costa, J.M.5    Mezo, M.6
  • 12
    • 72449135826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Clinical cryptosporidiosis
    • Chalmers, R. M. & Davies, A. P. 2010 Minireview: clinical cryptosporidiosis. Exp. Parasitol. 124 (1), 138-146.
    • (2010) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-146
    • Chalmers, R.M.1    Davies, A.P.2
  • 14
    • 57449095464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study on the efficiency of peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide at low doses in the disinfection of urban wastewaters
    • De Luca, G., Sacchetti, R., Zanetti, F. & Leoni, E. 2008 Comparative study on the efficiency of peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide at low doses in the disinfection of urban wastewaters. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 15 (2), 217-224.
    • (2008) Ann. Agric. Environ. Med , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-224
    • De Luca, G.1    Sacchetti, R.2    Zanetti, F.3    Leoni, E.4
  • 15
    • 80052511877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsporidiosis: Not just in AIDS patients
    • Didier, E. S. & Weiss, L. M. 2011 Microsporidiosis: not just in AIDS patients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 24 (5), 490-495.
    • (2011) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 490-495
    • Didier, E.S.1    Weiss, L.M.2
  • 16
    • 0031684926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of the human-pathogenic microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Vittaforma corneae in water
    • Dowd, S. E., Gerba, C. P. & Pepper, I. L. 1998 Confirmation of the human-pathogenic microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Vittaforma corneae in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (9), 3332-3335.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.64 , Issue.9 , pp. 3332-3335
    • Dowd, S.E.1    Gerba, C.P.2    Pepper, I.L.3
  • 18
    • 0029930421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low temperatures on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
    • Fayer, R. & Nerad, T. 1996 Effects of low temperatures on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 (4), 1431-1433.
    • (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 1431-1433
    • Fayer, R.1    Nerad, T.2
  • 19
    • 78751544529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis
    • Feng, Y. & Xiao, L. 2011 Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 24 (1), 110-140.
    • (2011) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-140
    • Feng, Y.1    Xiao, L.2
  • 22
    • 15444364560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of procedures for direct extraction of Cryptosporidium DNA from water concentrates and for relief of PCR inhibitors
    • Jiang, J., Alderisio, K. A., Singh, A. & Xiao, L. 2005 Development of procedures for direct extraction of Cryptosporidium DNA from water concentrates and for relief of PCR inhibitors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (3), 1135-1141.
    • (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 1135-1141
    • Jiang, J.1    Alderisio, K.A.2    Singh, A.3    Xiao, L.4
  • 24
    • 84921265272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-locus analysis of Giardia duodenalis from nonhuman primates kept in zoos in China: Geographical segregation and host-adaptation of assemblage B isolates
    • Karim, M. R., Wang, R., Yu, F., Li, T., Dong, H., Li, D., Zhang, L., Li, J., Jian, F., Zhang, S., Rume, F. I., Ning, C. & Xiao, L. 2015 Multi-locus analysis of Giardia duodenalis from nonhuman primates kept in zoos in China: geographical segregation and host-adaptation of assemblage B isolates. Infect. Genet. Evol. 30, 82-88.
    • (2015) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.30 , pp. 82-88
    • Karim, M.R.1    Wang, R.2    Yu, F.3    Li, T.4    Dong, H.5    Li, D.6    Zhang, L.7    Li, J.8    Jian, F.9    Zhang, S.10    Rume, F.I.11    Ning, C.12    Xiao, L.13
  • 25
    • 84897090232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora in influent and effluent water at wastewater treatment plants in Arizona
    • Kitajima, M., Haramoto, E., Iker, B. C. & Gerba, C. P. 2014 Occurrence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora in influent and effluent water at wastewater treatment plants in Arizona. Sci. Total Environ. 484, 129-136.
    • (2014) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.484 , pp. 129-136
    • Kitajima, M.1    Haramoto, E.2    Iker, B.C.3    Gerba, C.P.4
  • 26
    • 0025237644 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability
    • Korich, D. G., Mead, J. R., Madore, M. S., Sinclair, N. A. & Sterling, C. R. 1990 Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 (5), 1423-1428.
    • (1990) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 1423-1428
    • Korich, D.G.1    Mead, J.R.2    Madore, M.S.3    Sinclair, N.A.4    Sterling, C.R.5
  • 27
    • 84864085382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential molecular tools for assessing the public health risk associated with waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts
    • Kothavade, R. J. 2012 Potential molecular tools for assessing the public health risk associated with waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts. J. Med. Microbiol. 61 (8), 1039-1051.
    • (2012) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.61 , Issue.8 , pp. 1039-1051
    • Kothavade, R.J.1
  • 28
    • 13844257272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardia duodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes
    • Lalle, M., Pozio, E., Capelli, G., Bruschi, F., Crotti, D. & Caccio, S. M. 2005 Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardia duodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes. Int. J. Parasitol. 35 (2), 207-213.
    • (2005) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-213
    • Lalle, M.1    Pozio, E.2    Capelli, G.3    Bruschi, F.4    Crotti, D.5    Caccio, S.M.6
  • 29
    • 0025919022 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies
    • LeChevallier, M. W., Norton, W. D. & Lee, R. G. 1991 Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57 (9), 2610-2616.
    • (1991) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.57 , Issue.9 , pp. 2610-2616
    • LeChevallier, M.W.1    Norton, W.D.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 30
    • 33747176602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from stool samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Thailand
    • Leelayoova, S., Subrungruang, I., Suputtamongkol, Y., Worapong, J., Petmitr, P. C. & Mungthin, M. 2006 Identification of genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from stool samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Thailand. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44 (8), 3001-3004.
    • (2006) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.44 , Issue.8 , pp. 3001-3004
    • Leelayoova, S.1    Subrungruang, I.2    Suputtamongkol, Y.3    Worapong, J.4    Petmitr, P.C.5    Mungthin, M.6
  • 31
    • 65649088716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes and subtypes in raw and treated water in Portugal
    • Lobo, M. L., Xiao, L., Antunes, F. & Matos, O. 2009 Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes and subtypes in raw and treated water in Portugal. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 48 (6), 732-737.
    • (2009) Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 732-737
    • Lobo, M.L.1    Xiao, L.2    Antunes, F.3    Matos, O.4
  • 32
    • 3042558521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Municipaltreated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation
    • Lubello, C., Gori, R., Nicese, F. P. & Ferrini, F. 2004 Municipaltreated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation. Water Res. 38 (12), 2939-2947.
    • (2004) Water Res. , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 2939-2947
    • Lubello, C.1    Gori, R.2    Nicese, F.P.3    Ferrini, F.4
  • 33
    • 84867790175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in humans
    • Matos, O., Lobo, M. L. & Xiao, L. 2012 Epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in humans. J. Parasitol. Res. 2012, 981424.
    • (2012) J. Parasitol. Res. , vol.2012 , pp. 981424
    • Matos, O.1    Lobo, M.L.2    Xiao, L.3
  • 34
    • 0030011825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of PCR, nested PCR, and fluorescent antibodies for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in wastewater
    • Mayer, C. L. & Palmer, C. J. 1996 Evaluation of PCR, nested PCR, and fluorescent antibodies for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 (6), 2081-2085.
    • (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 2081-2085
    • Mayer, C.L.1    Palmer, C.J.2
  • 36
    • 0343415590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst survival in water, soil, and cattle feces
    • Olson, M. E., Goh, J., Phillips, M., Guselle, N. & McAllister, T. A. 1999 Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst survival in water, soil, and cattle feces. J. Environ. Qual. 28 (6), 1991-1996.
    • (1999) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1991-1996
    • Olson, M.E.1    Goh, J.2    Phillips, M.3    Guselle, N.4    McAllister, T.A.5
  • 37
    • 84965126708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can E. Coli or thermotolerant coliform concentrations predict pathogen presence or prevalence in irrigation waters?
    • Pachepsky, Y., Shelton, D., Dorner, S. & Whelan, G. 2015 Can E. Coli or thermotolerant coliform concentrations predict pathogen presence or prevalence in irrigation waters? Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 1-10 (online).
    • (2015) Crit. Rev. Microbiol. , pp. 1-10
    • Pachepsky, Y.1    Shelton, D.2    Dorner, S.3    Whelan, G.4
  • 38
    • 33747518207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in sewage in Norway
    • Robertson, L. J., Hermansen, L. & Gjerde, B. K. 2006 Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in sewage in Norway. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (8), 5297-5303.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.72 , Issue.8 , pp. 5297-5303
    • Robertson, L.J.1    Hermansen, L.2    Gjerde, B.K.3
  • 39
    • 0038154009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes from the Czech Republic
    • Ryan, U., Xiao, L., Read, C., Zhou, L., Lal, A. A. & Pavlasek, I. 2003 Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes from the Czech Republic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (7), 4302-4307.
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.69 , Issue.7 , pp. 4302-4307
    • Ryan, U.1    Xiao, L.2    Read, C.3    Zhou, L.4    Lal, A.A.5    Pavlasek, I.6
  • 40
    • 84912029299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: Current understanding and research needs
    • Ryan, U., Fayer, R. & Xiao, L. 2014 Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs. Parasitology 141 (13), 1667-1685.
    • (2014) Parasitology , vol.141 , Issue.13 , pp. 1667-1685
    • Ryan, U.1    Fayer, R.2    Xiao, L.3
  • 41
    • 79955471552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsporidiosis: Enterocytozoon bieneusi in domesticated and wild animals
    • Santin, M. & Fayer, R. 2011 Microsporidiosis: Enterocytozoon bieneusi in domesticated and wild animals. Res. Vet. Sci. 90 (3), 363-371.
    • (2011) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-371
    • Santin, M.1    Fayer, R.2
  • 43
    • 84942760724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the occurrence and survival of fecal indicator bacteria in recreational sand between urban beach, playground and sandbox settings in Toronto, Ontario
    • Staley, Z. R., Robinson, C. & Edge, T. A. 2016 Comparison of the occurrence and survival of fecal indicator bacteria in recreational sand between urban beach, playground and sandbox settings in Toronto, Ontario. Sci. Total Environ. 541, 520-527.
    • (2016) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.541 , pp. 520-527
    • Staley, Z.R.1    Robinson, C.2    Edge, T.A.3
  • 44
    • 84903790507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High applicability of a novel method for gp60-based subtyping of Cryptosporidium meleagridis
    • Stensvold, C. R., Beser, J., Axen, C. & Lebbad, M. 2014 High applicability of a novel method for gp60-based subtyping of Cryptosporidium meleagridis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 52 (7), 2311-2319.
    • (2014) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.52 , Issue.7 , pp. 2311-2319
    • Stensvold, C.R.1    Beser, J.2    Axen, C.3    Lebbad, M.4
  • 46
    • 0041528383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor hostadapted Enterocytozoon spp. As well as human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi
    • Sulaiman, I. M., Fayer, R., Lal, A. A., Trout, J. M., Schaefer, F. W. & Xiao, L. 2003b Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor hostadapted Enterocytozoon spp. as well as human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (8), 4495-4501.
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.69 , Issue.8 , pp. 4495-4501
    • Sulaiman, I.M.1    Fayer, R.2    Lal, A.A.3    Trout, J.M.4    Schaefer, F.W.5    Xiao, L.6
  • 48
    • 51149107601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology
    • Thellier, M. & Breton, J. 2008 Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology. Parasite 15 (3), 349-358.
    • (2008) Parasite , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-358
    • Thellier, M.1    Breton, J.2
  • 49
    • 0036008371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of protozoan parasites and microsporidia in irrigation waters used for crop production
    • Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., Watt, P., Dowd, S. E., Enriquez, J., Pepper, I. L. & Gerba, C. P. 2002 Detection of protozoan parasites and microsporidia in irrigation waters used for crop production. J. Food Prot. 65 (2), 378-382.
    • (2002) J. Food Prot. , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 378-382
    • Thurston-Enriquez, J.A.1    Watt, P.2    Dowd, S.E.3    Enriquez, J.4    Pepper, I.L.5    Gerba, C.P.6
  • 50
    • 84863110101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying host sources, human health risk and indicators of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in a Canadian watershed influenced by urban and rural activities
    • Van Dyke, M. I., Ong, C. S., Prystajecky, N. A., Isaac-Renton, J. L. & Huck, P. M. 2012 Identifying host sources, human health risk and indicators of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in a Canadian watershed influenced by urban and rural activities. J. Water Health 10 (2), 311-323.
    • (2012) J. Water Health , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-323
    • Van Dyke, M.I.1    Ong, C.S.2    Prystajecky, N.A.3    Isaac-Renton, J.L.4    Huck, P.M.5
  • 51
    • 0027225669 scopus 로고
    • A new method for the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water
    • Vesey, G., Slade, J. S., Byrne, M., Shepherd, K. & Fricker, C. R. 1993 A new method for the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75 (1), 82-86.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-86
    • Vesey, G.1    Slade, J.S.2    Byrne, M.3    Shepherd, K.4    Fricker, C.R.5
  • 52
    • 32044462054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving Cryptosporidium testing methods: A public health perspective
    • Weintraub, J. M. 2006 Improving Cryptosporidium testing methods: a public health perspective. J. Water Health 4 (Suppl. 1), 23-26.
    • (2006) J. Water Health , vol.4 , pp. 23-26
    • Weintraub, J.M.1
  • 53
    • 84875684454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in shellfish: Should Canada take a closer look?
    • Willis, J. E., McClure, J. T., Davidson, J., McClure, C. & Greenwood, S. J. 2013 Global occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in shellfish: should Canada take a closer look? Food Res. Int. 52 (1), 119-135.
    • (2013) Food Res. Int. , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-135
    • Willis, J.E.1    McClure, J.T.2    Davidson, J.3    McClure, C.4    Greenwood, S.J.5
  • 54
    • 0032581687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cysticidal effect of chlorine dioxide on Giardia intestinalis cysts
    • Winiecka-Krusnell, J. & Linder, E. 1998 Cysticidal effect of chlorine dioxide on Giardia intestinalis cysts. Acta Trop. 70 (3), 369-372.
    • (1998) Acta Trop. , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-372
    • Winiecka-Krusnell, J.1    Linder, E.2
  • 55
    • 79958706978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are microbial indicators and pathogens correlated? A statistical analysis of 40 years of research
    • Wu, J., Long, S. C., Das, D. & Dorner, S. M. 2011 Are microbial indicators and pathogens correlated? A statistical analysis of 40 years of research. J. Water Health 9 (2), 265-278.
    • (2011) J. Water Health , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-278
    • Wu, J.1    Long, S.C.2    Das, D.3    Dorner, S.M.4
  • 56
    • 84875612540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
    • Xiao, G., Qiu, Z., Qi, J., Chen, J. A., Liu, F., Liu, W., Luo, J. & Shu, W. 2013 Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Water Res. 47, 2431-2445.
    • (2013) Water Res. , vol.47 , pp. 2431-2445
    • Xiao, G.1    Qiu, Z.2    Qi, J.3    Chen, J.A.4    Liu, F.5    Liu, W.6    Luo, J.7    Shu, W.8
  • 58
    • 84974566585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive analysis on using chlorine dioxide as disinfectant for effluent from wastewater treatment plant
    • Zhang, B. X., Zhao, X., Zhang, Y. L. & Gong, X. X. 2009 Comprehensive analysis on using chlorine dioxide as disinfectant for effluent from wastewater treatment plant. China Water Wastewater 25 (23), 69-71.
    • (2009) China Water Wastewater , vol.25 , Issue.23 , pp. 69-71
    • Zhang, B.X.1    Zhao, X.2    Zhang, Y.L.3    Gong, X.X.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.