메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2016, Pages 1984-1996

Citicoline for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Formal Meta-analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trials

Author keywords

Acute ischemic stroke; CDP choline; citicoline; meta analysis; neuroprotection; pharmacological treatment; systematic review; therapy

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; CITICOLINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN; HYPERTONIC SOLUTION; VASODILATOR AGENT; VITAMIN; NOOTROPIC AGENT;

EID: 84973652548     PISSN: 10523057     EISSN: 15328511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.04.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 84871098580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • 1 Wang, H., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Lofgren, K.T., et al. Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (2012), 2071–2094, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61719-X.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2071-2094
    • Wang, H.1    Dwyer-Lindgren, L.2    Lofgren, K.T.3
  • 2
    • 84871036375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • 2 Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Foreman, K., et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (2012), 2095–2128, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2095-2128
    • Lozano, R.1    Naghavi, M.2    Foreman, K.3
  • 3
    • 84871051576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • 3 Vos, T., Flaxman, A.D., Naghavi, M., et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (2012), 2163–2196, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2163-2196
    • Vos, T.1    Flaxman, A.D.2    Naghavi, M.3
  • 4
    • 84871099014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • 4 Murray, C.J., Vos, T., Lozano, R., et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (2012), 2197–2223, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2197-2223
    • Murray, C.J.1    Vos, T.2    Lozano, R.3
  • 5
    • 0028783948 scopus 로고
    • Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group
    • 5 Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 333 (1995), 1581–1587.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1581-1587
  • 6
    • 84876231902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
    • 6 Jauch, E.C., Saver, J.L., Adams, H.P. Jr, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 44 (2013), 870–947, 10.1161/STR.0b013e318284056a.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 870-947
    • Jauch, E.C.1    Saver, J.L.2    Adams, H.P.3
  • 9
    • 80051747818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • II. Cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack (TIA)
    • 9 Shinohara, Y., Yanagihara, T., Abe, K., et al. II. Cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack (TIA). J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 20:Suppl 1 (2011), S31–S73, 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.05.004.
    • (2011) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.20 , pp. S31-S73
    • Shinohara, Y.1    Yanagihara, T.2    Abe, K.3
  • 10
    • 60549112879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke units: many questions, some answers
    • 10 Fuentes, B., Díez-Tejedor, E., Stroke units: many questions, some answers. Int J Stroke 4 (2009), 28–37, 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00244.x.
    • (2009) Int J Stroke , vol.4 , pp. 28-37
    • Fuentes, B.1    Díez-Tejedor, E.2
  • 11
    • 0034074730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indications for early aspirin use in acute ischemic stroke: a combined analysis of 40 000 randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial. On behalf of the CAST and IST collaborative groups
    • 11 Chen, Z.M., Sandercock, P., Pan, H.C., et al. Indications for early aspirin use in acute ischemic stroke: a combined analysis of 40 000 randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial. On behalf of the CAST and IST collaborative groups. Stroke 31 (2000), 1240–1249.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1240-1249
    • Chen, Z.M.1    Sandercock, P.2    Pan, H.C.3
  • 12
    • 33846892907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials
    • 12 Vahedi, K., Hofmeijer, J., Juettler, E., et al. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 6 (2007), 215–222.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 215-222
    • Vahedi, K.1    Hofmeijer, J.2    Juettler, E.3
  • 13
    • 84866735684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher prehospital priority level of stroke improves thrombolysis frequency and time to stroke unit: the Hyper Acute STroke Alarm (HASTA) study
    • 13 Berglund, A., Svensson, L., Sjöstrand, C., et al. Higher prehospital priority level of stroke improves thrombolysis frequency and time to stroke unit: the Hyper Acute STroke Alarm (HASTA) study. Stroke 43 (2012), 2666–2670.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 2666-2670
    • Berglund, A.1    Svensson, L.2    Sjöstrand, C.3
  • 14
    • 84880270442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in acute stroke management
    • 14 Kleindorfer, D., de Los Rios La Rosa, F., Khatri, P., et al. Temporal trends in acute stroke management. Stroke 44 (2013), S129–S131, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001457.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. S129-S131
    • Kleindorfer, D.1    de Los Rios La Rosa, F.2    Khatri, P.3
  • 15
    • 84905191824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
    • 15 Roth, J.M., Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 24 (2011), 257–259.
    • (2011) Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) , vol.24 , pp. 257-259
    • Roth, J.M.1
  • 16
    • 60549106053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries
    • 16 Ali, M., Atula, S., Bath, P.M., et al. Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries. Stroke 40 (2009), 35–40, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.518035.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 35-40
    • Ali, M.1    Atula, S.2    Bath, P.M.3
  • 17
    • 33644526948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant variation in mortality and functional outcome after acute ischaemic stroke between Western countries: data from the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST)
    • 17 Gray, L.J., Sprigg, N., Bath, P.M., et al. Significant variation in mortality and functional outcome after acute ischaemic stroke between Western countries: data from the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77 (2006), 327–333.
    • (2006) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 327-333
    • Gray, L.J.1    Sprigg, N.2    Bath, P.M.3
  • 18
    • 33847730232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the use of diagnostic procedures after acute stroke in Europe: results from the BIOMED II study of stroke care
    • 18 Heidrich, J., Heuschmann, P.U., Kolominsky-Rabas, P., et al. Variations in the use of diagnostic procedures after acute stroke in Europe: results from the BIOMED II study of stroke care. Eur J Neurol 14 (2007), 255–261.
    • (2007) Eur J Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 255-261
    • Heidrich, J.1    Heuschmann, P.U.2    Kolominsky-Rabas, P.3
  • 19
    • 79961005721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Stroke health care plan (ICTUS II. 2010)]
    • 19 Masjuan, J., Alvarez-Sabín, J., Arenillas, J., et al. [Stroke health care plan (ICTUS II. 2010)]. Neurologia 26 (2011), 383–396, 10.1016/j.nrl.2010.05.008.
    • (2011) Neurologia , vol.26 , pp. 383-396
    • Masjuan, J.1    Alvarez-Sabín, J.2    Arenillas, J.3
  • 20
    • 47549083562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic differences in acute stroke care in Catalunya: impact of a regional interhospital network
    • 20 Ribo, M., Molina, C.A., Pedragosa, A., et al. Geographic differences in acute stroke care in Catalunya: impact of a regional interhospital network. Cerebrovasc Dis 26 (2008), 284–288, 10.1159/000147457.
    • (2008) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.26 , pp. 284-288
    • Ribo, M.1    Molina, C.A.2    Pedragosa, A.3
  • 21
    • 79957673012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2010 update
    • 21 Secades, J.J., Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2010 update. Rev Neurol 52:Suppl 2 (2011), s1–s62.
    • (2011) Rev Neurol , vol.52 , pp. s1-s62
    • Secades, J.J.1
  • 22
    • 84856337861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDP-choline treatment induces brain plasticity markers expression in experimental animal stroke
    • 22 Gutiérrez-Fernández, M., Rodríguez-Frutos, B., Fuentes, B., et al. CDP-choline treatment induces brain plasticity markers expression in experimental animal stroke. Neurochem Int 60 (2012), 310–317, 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.12.015.
    • (2012) Neurochem Int , vol.60 , pp. 310-317
    • Gutiérrez-Fernández, M.1    Rodríguez-Frutos, B.2    Fuentes, B.3
  • 23
    • 84929323203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of citicoline in neuroprotection and neurorepair in ischemic stroke
    • 23 Alvarez-Sabin, J., Roman, G.C., The role of citicoline in neuroprotection and neurorepair in ischemic stroke. Brain Sci 3 (2013), 1395–1414, 10.3390/brainsci3031395.
    • (2013) Brain Sci , vol.3 , pp. 1395-1414
    • Alvarez-Sabin, J.1    Roman, G.C.2
  • 25
    • 0012588344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline precursors in acute and subacute human stroke: a meta-analysis
    • [27th International Stroke Conference, San Antonio TX, Feb 2002]
    • 25 Saver, J.L., Wilterdink, J., Choline precursors in acute and subacute human stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke, 33, 2002, 353 [27th International Stroke Conference, San Antonio TX, Feb 2002].
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 353
    • Saver, J.L.1    Wilterdink, J.2
  • 26
    • 0036901469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials
    • 26 Dávalos, A., Castillo, J., Alvarez-Sabín, J., et al. Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke 33 (2002), 2850–2857.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2850-2857
    • Dávalos, A.1    Castillo, J.2    Alvarez-Sabín, J.3
  • 27
    • 85027477838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline precursors in acute and subacute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • 27 Lee, M., Towfighi, A., Saver, J.L., Choline precursors in acute and subacute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke, 41, 2010, e263.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. e263
    • Lee, M.1    Towfighi, A.2    Saver, J.L.3
  • 28
    • 84864277207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial)
    • 28 Dávalos, A., Alvarez-Sabín, J., Castillo, J., et al. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet 380 (2012), 349–357, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60813-7.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 349-357
    • Dávalos, A.1    Alvarez-Sabín, J.2    Castillo, J.3
  • 29
    • 85041796882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline precursors for acute and subacute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
    • Art. No.: CD008401
    • 29 Lee, M., Towfighi, A., Saver, J.L., Choline precursors for acute and subacute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(3), 2010, 10.1002/14651858.CD008401 Art. No.: CD008401.
    • (2010) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.3
    • Lee, M.1    Towfighi, A.2    Saver, J.L.3
  • 30
    • 0041876133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
    • 30 Higgins, J.P.T., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J., et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327 (2003), 557–560.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 557-560
    • Higgins, J.P.T.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Deeks, J.J.3
  • 31
    • 63849105841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]
    • The Cochrane Collaboration; Available at: Accessed February 26, 2015
    • 31 Higgins, J.P.T., Green, S., Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Available at: http://handbook.cochrane.org/, 2011 Accessed February 26, 2015.
    • (2011)
    • Higgins, J.P.T.1    Green, S.2
  • 32
    • 68049137869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration
    • 32 Liberati, A., Altman, D.G., Tetzlaff, J., et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med, 6, 2009, e1000100, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100.
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6 , pp. e1000100
    • Liberati, A.1    Altman, D.G.2    Tetzlaff, J.3
  • 33
    • 0017583045 scopus 로고
    • Valutazione reografica degli effetti angio-emodinamici cerebrali della citidin-difosfocolina nelle sindromi ictali arterioesclerotiche [Rheographic evaluation of the cerebral angio-hemodynamic effects of cytidine diphosphate choline in arteriosclerotic ictal syndromes]
    • 33 De Gregorio, G., Armeli, G., Restivo, S., et al. Valutazione reografica degli effetti angio-emodinamici cerebrali della citidin-difosfocolina nelle sindromi ictali arterioesclerotiche [Rheographic evaluation of the cerebral angio-hemodynamic effects of cytidine diphosphate choline in arteriosclerotic ictal syndromes]. Boll Soc Ital Cardiol 22 (1977), 341–345.
    • (1977) Boll Soc Ital Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 341-345
    • De Gregorio, G.1    Armeli, G.2    Restivo, S.3
  • 34
    • 84992382571 scopus 로고
    • Étude multicentrique de la CDP-choline en Neurologie hospitalière
    • 34 Colonna, J.P., Poletto, B., Étude multicentrique de la CDP-choline en Neurologie hospitalière. La Vie Médicale 28-29 (1980), 2317–2318.
    • (1980) La Vie Médicale , vol.28-29 , pp. 2317-2318
    • Colonna, J.P.1    Poletto, B.2
  • 35
    • 84992404110 scopus 로고
    • Valutazione dell'impiego della citicolina nella terapia di accidenti ischemici cerebrali
    • 35 Schott, B., Joyeux, O., Valutazione dell'impiego della citicolina nella terapia di accidenti ischemici cerebrali. Giorn Ital Ricerche Clin Terap 3 (1982), 56–60.
    • (1982) Giorn Ital Ricerche Clin Terap , vol.3 , pp. 56-60
    • Schott, B.1    Joyeux, O.2
  • 36
    • 0021172913 scopus 로고
    • Modificazioni delle plache ateromasiche carotidee e delle condizioni di flusso in pazienti affetti da patologia cerebrovascolare dopo trattamento con CDP-colina [Changes in the carotid atheromatous plaques and in flow conditions in patients with cerebrovascular pathology after treatment with CDP choline. Clinico-instrumental study]
    • 36 Bellagamba, G., Gentili, G., Caratelli, L., et al. Modificazioni delle plache ateromasiche carotidee e delle condizioni di flusso in pazienti affetti da patologia cerebrovascolare dopo trattamento con CDP-colina [Changes in the carotid atheromatous plaques and in flow conditions in patients with cerebrovascular pathology after treatment with CDP choline. Clinico-instrumental study]. Minerva Cardioangiol 32 (1984), 483–488.
    • (1984) Minerva Cardioangiol , vol.32 , pp. 483-488
    • Bellagamba, G.1    Gentili, G.2    Caratelli, L.3
  • 37
    • 0022568944 scopus 로고
    • Uso della citicolina ad alti dosaggi nelle affezioni acute cerebro-vascolari [Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease]
    • 37 Centrone, G., Ragno, G., Calicchio, G., Uso della citicolina ad alti dosaggi nelle affezioni acute cerebro-vascolari [Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease]. Minerva Med 77 (1986), 371–373.
    • (1986) Minerva Med , vol.77 , pp. 371-373
    • Centrone, G.1    Ragno, G.2    Calicchio, G.3
  • 38
    • 0023023468 scopus 로고
    • [Remarks on cyticholine in subjects affected by stroke's outcome and psycho-organic syndrome]
    • 38 Iovine, C., Ricci, A., Neri, G., et al. [Remarks on cyticholine in subjects affected by stroke's outcome and psycho-organic syndrome]. Rass Inter Clin Terap 66 (1986), 1449–1453.
    • (1986) Rass Inter Clin Terap , vol.66 , pp. 1449-1453
    • Iovine, C.1    Ricci, A.2    Neri, G.3
  • 39
    • 0026252157 scopus 로고
    • [Recognan therapy of motor disturbances in patients with stroke]
    • 39 Lebedeva, N.V., Lunev, D.K., Shvedkov, V.V., et al. [Recognan therapy of motor disturbances in patients with stroke]. Klin Med (Mosk) 69 (1991), 83–84.
    • (1991) Klin Med (Mosk) , vol.69 , pp. 83-84
    • Lebedeva, N.V.1    Lunev, D.K.2    Shvedkov, V.V.3
  • 40
    • 0030478799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La gestione ospedaliera del paziente cerebrovascolare acuto. Risultati di uno studio condotto nella Regione Abruzzo
    • 40 Di Mascio, R., Marchioli, R., Vitullo, F., et al. La gestione ospedaliera del paziente cerebrovascolare acuto. Risultati di uno studio condotto nella Regione Abruzzo. Recenti Prog Med 87 (1996), 523–529.
    • (1996) Recenti Prog Med , vol.87 , pp. 523-529
    • Di Mascio, R.1    Marchioli, R.2    Vitullo, F.3
  • 41
    • 0030986027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentric open-label study of the efficacy and tolerability of citicoline in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction
    • 41 Bruhwyler, J., Van Dorpe, J., Geczy, J., Multicentric open-label study of the efficacy and tolerability of citicoline in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Curr Ther Res 58 (1997), 309–316.
    • (1997) Curr Ther Res , vol.58 , pp. 309-316
    • Bruhwyler, J.1    Van Dorpe, J.2    Geczy, J.3
  • 42
    • 84992330692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical investigation on curative effect of dengzhanhua plus citicoline for acute cerebral infarction
    • 42 Liu, R.H., Liu, H.L., Clinical investigation on curative effect of dengzhanhua plus citicoline for acute cerebral infarction. Clin Med (Northfield Il) 19 (1999), 36–37.
    • (1999) Clin Med (Northfield Il) , vol.19 , pp. 36-37
    • Liu, R.H.1    Liu, H.L.2
  • 43
    • 0034142780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Observation of therapeutic effect of Salviae miltiorrhiza and cytosine diphosphate-choline injection on patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage]
    • 43 Yu, W., Shen, F., Ma, Z., [Observation of therapeutic effect of Salviae miltiorrhiza and cytosine diphosphate-choline injection on patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 20 (2000), 94–96.
    • (2000) Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi , vol.20 , pp. 94-96
    • Yu, W.1    Shen, F.2    Ma, Z.3
  • 44
    • 84992425052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach the timing and efficacy of citocoline in the treatment of apoplexy
    • 44 Shu, G.C., Zhou, W.H., Li, Y.M., Approach the timing and efficacy of citocoline in the treatment of apoplexy. Shanghai Med Pharm J 21 (2000), 33–34.
    • (2000) Shanghai Med Pharm J , vol.21 , pp. 33-34
    • Shu, G.C.1    Zhou, W.H.2    Li, Y.M.3
  • 45
    • 1842739154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroproteccion en el ICTUS isquemico agudo. Factibilidad de un protocolo terapeutico [Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment]
    • 45 Fridman, E.A., Ottaviano, F., Fiol, M., et al. Neuroproteccion en el ICTUS isquemico agudo. Factibilidad de un protocolo terapeutico [Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment]. Rev Neurol 32 (2001), 818–821.
    • (2001) Rev Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 818-821
    • Fridman, E.A.1    Ottaviano, F.2    Fiol, M.3
  • 46
    • 0034939288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of citicoline in ischemic stroke as a supportive therapy
    • 46 Yusuf, M., Sadick, A., Efficacy of citicoline in ischemic stroke as a supportive therapy. Pak J Med Sci 17 (2001), 106–111.
    • (2001) Pak J Med Sci , vol.17 , pp. 106-111
    • Yusuf, M.1    Sadick, A.2
  • 47
    • 79959322569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Curative effect of soybean lecithin on cerebral infarction]
    • 47 Shi, F., Zhou, J., Meng, D., [Curative effect of soybean lecithin on cerebral infarction]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 81 (2001), 1301–1303.
    • (2001) Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi , vol.81 , pp. 1301-1303
    • Shi, F.1    Zhou, J.2    Meng, D.3
  • 48
    • 84992322054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical observation of magnesium sulfate injection in the treatment of acute stroke
    • 48 Zhou, X.G., Chen, S.S., Xiang, X.Z., The clinical observation of magnesium sulfate injection in the treatment of acute stroke. J Chin Gen Med 2 (2001), 18–19.
    • (2001) J Chin Gen Med , vol.2 , pp. 18-19
    • Zhou, X.G.1    Chen, S.S.2    Xiang, X.Z.3
  • 49
    • 84992396480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of relationship between therapeutic efficacy and therapeutic duration of cranial nerve Growthine (CNG) on patients with intracerebral hemorrhage acute cerebral infarction
    • 49 Zhang, L.D., Liu, C.Y., Gu, Y.X., et al. A study of relationship between therapeutic efficacy and therapeutic duration of cranial nerve Growthine (CNG) on patients with intracerebral hemorrhage acute cerebral infarction. J Practic New Med 3 (2001), 677–678.
    • (2001) J Practic New Med , vol.3 , pp. 677-678
    • Zhang, L.D.1    Liu, C.Y.2    Gu, Y.X.3
  • 50
    • 84992382579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of clinical curative effect on acute stage of mild cerebral infarction used cytidine diphosphate choline (CDPC)
    • 50 Liu, H.R., Observation of clinical curative effect on acute stage of mild cerebral infarction used cytidine diphosphate choline (CDPC). Hainan Med J 12 (2001), 2–3.
    • (2001) Hainan Med J , vol.12 , pp. 2-3
    • Liu, H.R.1
  • 51
    • 33750623692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospect, random, single blind and control study on recovered effect of sermior treatment on motor function of patients with acute cerebral infarction
    • 51 Zheng, Y.-P., He, M.-L., A prospect, random, single blind and control study on recovered effect of sermior treatment on motor function of patients with acute cerebral infarction. Chin J Clin Rehabil 6 (2002), 2328–2329.
    • (2002) Chin J Clin Rehabil , vol.6 , pp. 2328-2329
    • Zheng, Y.-P.1    He, M.-L.2
  • 52
    • 33750695681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect observation of nerve functional rehabilitation after treatment with cytridini triphophatis on acute ischemia cerebral vascular disease
    • 52 Zhang, G.Z., Dong, S.Q., Dou, W., et al. Effect observation of nerve functional rehabilitation after treatment with cytridini triphophatis on acute ischemia cerebral vascular disease. Chin J Clin Rehabil, 6, 2002, 3292.
    • (2002) Chin J Clin Rehabil , vol.6 , pp. 3292
    • Zhang, G.Z.1    Dong, S.Q.2    Dou, W.3
  • 53
    • 3042785002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Clinical observation on effect of tongnao huoluo acupuncture therapy in treating acute cerebral infarction at ultra-early or acute stage]
    • 53 Li, J.Y., Peng, Y.Z., Yang, F., [Clinical observation on effect of tongnao huoluo acupuncture therapy in treating acute cerebral infarction at ultra-early or acute stage]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 23 (2003), 736–739.
    • (2003) Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi , vol.23 , pp. 736-739
    • Li, J.Y.1    Peng, Y.Z.2    Yang, F.3
  • 54
    • 84992382581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability and efficacy of the combination of piracetam and citicoline in acute ischemic stroke
    • A randomized comparative open study. 5th World Stroke Congress, Vancouver, Canada
    • 54 Garcia, A., Diaz, F., Gil-Nuñez, A.C., et al. Tolerability and efficacy of the combination of piracetam and citicoline in acute ischemic stroke. A randomized comparative open study. 5th World Stroke Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Garcia, A.1    Diaz, F.2    Gil-Nuñez, A.C.3
  • 55
    • 22144462418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule on hemorrheology and in auxiliarily treating patients with acute cerebral infarction
    • 55 Zhong, S.Q., Sun, L.J., Yan, Y.Z., et al. Effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule on hemorrheology and in auxiliarily treating patients with acute cerebral infarction. Chin J Integr Med 11 (2005), 128–131.
    • (2005) Chin J Integr Med , vol.11 , pp. 128-131
    • Zhong, S.Q.1    Sun, L.J.2    Yan, Y.Z.3
  • 56
    • 54949128623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The midnight-noon ebb-flow point selection for 30 cases of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases
    • 56 Jiang, H., Wang, M., Guo, J., et al. The midnight-noon ebb-flow point selection for 30 cases of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. J Tradit Chin Med 28 (2008), 193–197.
    • (2008) J Tradit Chin Med , vol.28 , pp. 193-197
    • Jiang, H.1    Wang, M.2    Guo, J.3
  • 57
    • 70249125882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: drug surveillance study in 4191 cases
    • 57 Cho, H.J., Kim, Y.J., Efficacy and safety of oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: drug surveillance study in 4191 cases. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 31 (2009), 171–176, 10.1358/mf.2009.31.3.1364241.
    • (2009) Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 171-176
    • Cho, H.J.1    Kim, Y.J.2
  • 58
    • 84992425048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of citicholine effect in acute phase of supratentorial hemorrhage: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • 58 Mousavi, S., Zare, M., Khorvash, F., et al. Evaluation of citicholine effect in acute phase of supratentorial hemorrhage: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Cell Tiss Res 9 (2009), 1773–1776.
    • (2009) J Cell Tiss Res , vol.9 , pp. 1773-1776
    • Mousavi, S.1    Zare, M.2    Khorvash, F.3
  • 59
    • 84992373254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of citicholine effect in acute phase of stroke: a randomized clinical trial
    • 59 Mousavi, S.A., Zare, M., Khorvash, F., et al. Evaluation of citicholine effect in acute phase of stroke: a randomized clinical trial. J Cell Tiss Res 9 (2009), 1785–1788.
    • (2009) J Cell Tiss Res , vol.9 , pp. 1785-1788
    • Mousavi, S.A.1    Zare, M.2    Khorvash, F.3
  • 60
    • 84992313949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients treated with citicoline in acute phase of ischemic stroke report better quality of life
    • 60 Panteleienko, L., Sokolova, L., Patients treated with citicoline in acute phase of ischemic stroke report better quality of life. Eur J Neurol, 16(3 Suppl), 2009, 412.
    • (2009) Eur J Neurol , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 412
    • Panteleienko, L.1    Sokolova, L.2
  • 61
    • 79952113397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline for acute ischemic stroke in Mexican hospitals: a retrospective postmarketing analysis
    • 61 Leon-Jimenez, C., Chiquete, E., Cantu, C., et al. Citicoline for acute ischemic stroke in Mexican hospitals: a retrospective postmarketing analysis. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 32 (2010), 325–330, 10.1358/mf.2010.32.5.1465004.
    • (2010) Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 325-330
    • Leon-Jimenez, C.1    Chiquete, E.2    Cantu, C.3
  • 62
    • 84855485740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Efficacy and safety of the combined therapy with citicholine and actovegin in the acute period of ischemic stroke]
    • 62 Shamalov, N.A., Stakhovskaia, L.V., Shetova, I.M., et al. [Efficacy and safety of the combined therapy with citicholine and actovegin in the acute period of ischemic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 110:9 Pt 2 (2010), 13–17.
    • (2010) Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova , vol.110 , Issue.9 , pp. 13-17
    • Shamalov, N.A.1    Stakhovskaia, L.V.2    Shetova, I.M.3
  • 63
    • 84992418074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of thrombolytic therapy with citicoline in treatment acute ischaemic stroke
    • 20th European Stroke Conference, Hamburg, Germany
    • 63 Makrotova, T.A., Chefranova, Z., Titiva, L., Combination of thrombolytic therapy with citicoline in treatment acute ischaemic stroke. 20th European Stroke Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Makrotova, T.A.1    Chefranova, Z.2    Titiva, L.3
  • 64
    • 79959763531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDP-choline treatment increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in acute ischemic stroke
    • 64 Sobrino, T., Rodríguez-González, R., Blanco, M., et al. CDP-choline treatment increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 33 (2011), 572–577, 10.1179/016164110X12807570510176.
    • (2011) Neurol Res , vol.33 , pp. 572-577
    • Sobrino, T.1    Rodríguez-González, R.2    Blanco, M.3
  • 65
    • 84856299153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Comparative aspects of using neuroprotectors in the management of patients with ischemic stroke]
    • 65 Ershov, V.I., [Comparative aspects of using neuroprotectors in the management of patients with ischemic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 111:8 Pt 2 (2011), 41–44.
    • (2011) Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova , vol.111 , Issue.8 , pp. 41-44
    • Ershov, V.I.1
  • 66
    • 84861623759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Neuroprotective treatment with citicoline (Ceraxon) in patients with ischemic stroke.]
    • 66 Martynov, M.I., Boiko, A.N., Kamchatnov, P.R., et al. [Neuroprotective treatment with citicoline (Ceraxon) in patients with ischemic stroke.]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 112:3 Stroke (2012), 21–26.
    • (2012) Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova , vol.112 , Issue.3 Stroke , pp. 21-26
    • Martynov, M.I.1    Boiko, A.N.2    Kamchatnov, P.R.3
  • 67
    • 84992431864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline (Ceraxon) in acute stroke: assessment of clinical efficacy and effects on cerebral perfusion
    • 67 Piradov, M.A., Sergeev, D.V., Krotenkova, M.V., Citicoline (Ceraxon) in acute stroke: assessment of clinical efficacy and effects on cerebral perfusion. Ann Clin Exp Neurol 6 (2012), 31–36.
    • (2012) Ann Clin Exp Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 31-36
    • Piradov, M.A.1    Sergeev, D.V.2    Krotenkova, M.V.3
  • 68
    • 84869237239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edaravone—citicoline comparative study in acute ischemic stroke (ECCS-AIS)
    • 68 Mitta, M., Goel, D., Bansal, K.K., et al. Edaravone—citicoline comparative study in acute ischemic stroke (ECCS-AIS). J Assoc Physicians India 60 (2012), 36–38.
    • (2012) J Assoc Physicians India , vol.60 , pp. 36-38
    • Mitta, M.1    Goel, D.2    Bansal, K.K.3
  • 69
    • 84863791643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Influence of neuroprotectors with choline-positive action on the level of brain-injury markers during acute ischemic stroke]
    • 69 Vaizova, O.E., Zautner, N.A., Alifirova, V.M., et al. [Influence of neuroprotectors with choline-positive action on the level of brain-injury markers during acute ischemic stroke]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 75 (2012), 7–9.
    • (2012) Eksp Klin Farmakol , vol.75 , pp. 7-9
    • Vaizova, O.E.1    Zautner, N.A.2    Alifirova, V.M.3
  • 70
    • 84992322720 scopus 로고
    • Clinical effect of CDP-choline (Nicholin) on disturbance of consciousness in acute stage of stroke (1st report): pre-test by the multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled method
    • 70 Tazaki, Y., Otomo, E., Kutsuzawa, N., et al. Clinical effect of CDP-choline (Nicholin) on disturbance of consciousness in acute stage of stroke (1st report): pre-test by the multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled method. Ther Res 3 (1985), 883–903.
    • (1985) Ther Res , vol.3 , pp. 883-903
    • Tazaki, Y.1    Otomo, E.2    Kutsuzawa, N.3
  • 71
    • 84992382597 scopus 로고
    • Clinical effect of CDP-choline (Nicholin) on disturbance of consciousness at the acute stage of stroke. Multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled study
    • 71 Tazaki, Y., Oyomo, E., Kutsuzawa, T., et al. Clinical effect of CDP-choline (Nicholin) on disturbance of consciousness at the acute stage of stroke. Multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Igaku No Ayumi 136 (1986), 719–817.
    • (1986) Igaku No Ayumi , vol.136 , pp. 719-817
    • Tazaki, Y.1    Oyomo, E.2    Kutsuzawa, T.3
  • 72
    • 84992433812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke CDP-choline trial: difficulties of patient selection for randomised intervention trials
    • II-263
    • 72 Pardo Cid, P., Andres, A.I., Fernandez, N., et al. Stroke CDP-choline trial: difficulties of patient selection for randomised intervention trials. Z Gerontol Geriatr, 32(2 Suppl), 1999 II-263.
    • (1999) Z Gerontol Geriatr , vol.32 , Issue.2
    • Pardo Cid, P.1    Andres, A.I.2    Fernandez, N.3
  • 73
    • 0023613932 scopus 로고
    • Resultats comparatifs ACTH/citicoline dans la phase initiale des infarctus cerebraux
    • 73 Dereux, J.F., Gallois, P., Resultats comparatifs ACTH/citicoline dans la phase initiale des infarctus cerebraux. Gaz Med 94 (1987), 82–85.
    • (1987) Gaz Med , vol.94 , pp. 82-85
    • Dereux, J.F.1    Gallois, P.2
  • 74
    • 0028787799 scopus 로고
    • Protection from ischemia-reperfusion damage in patients with stroke: the role of rutin and GSH
    • 74 Ortolani, O., Caggiano, M., Mannelli, R., et al. Protection from ischemia-reperfusion damage in patients with stroke: the role of rutin and GSH. Transplant Proc 27 (1995), 2877–2878.
    • (1995) Transplant Proc , vol.27 , pp. 2877-2878
    • Ortolani, O.1    Caggiano, M.2    Mannelli, R.3
  • 75
    • 84992404126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline capsules vs piracetam tablets in treatment of cerebral infarction
    • 75 Zhang, L., Li, H.Y., Li, Y.Z., Citicoline capsules vs piracetam tablets in treatment of cerebral infarction. Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem 21 (2002), 202–204.
    • (2002) Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem , vol.21 , pp. 202-204
    • Zhang, L.1    Li, H.Y.2    Li, Y.Z.3
  • 76
    • 28644433712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sodium citicoline tablets in the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial
    • 76 Zhou, M.E., He, L., Kong, S.Y., et al. Efficacy and safety of sodium citicoline tablets in the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial. Chin J Evid Based Med 5 (2005), 818–821.
    • (2005) Chin J Evid Based Med , vol.5 , pp. 818-821
    • Zhou, M.E.1    He, L.2    Kong, S.Y.3
  • 77
    • 84992313971 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of cytidine-diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) on thrombotic stroke patients
    • 12th World Congress of Neurology, Kyoto (Japan); September
    • 77 Djoenaidi, W., Hendro, S., Adril, A.H., et al. A double-blind controlled trial of cytidine-diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) on thrombotic stroke patients. 12th World Congress of Neurology, Kyoto (Japan); September, 1981.
    • (1981)
    • Djoenaidi, W.1    Hendro, S.2    Adril, A.H.3
  • 78
    • 84992418103 scopus 로고
    • Papel del 5′-citidin-difosfato de colina en la isquemia cerebral del anciano: Estudio a doble ciego en pacientes con coma debido a accidente vascular cerebral agudo de tipo oclusivo
    • Congreso por el Año Jubilar de la Sociedad Peruana de Psiquiatría, Neurología y Neurocirugía
    • 78 Martínez, S.M., Porras, M.A., Alvarado, M.A., Papel del 5′-citidin-difosfato de colina en la isquemia cerebral del anciano: Estudio a doble ciego en pacientes con coma debido a accidente vascular cerebral agudo de tipo oclusivo. Congreso por el Año Jubilar de la Sociedad Peruana de Psiquiatría, Neurología y Neurocirugía, 1988.
    • (1988)
    • Martínez, S.M.1    Porras, M.A.2    Alvarado, M.A.3
  • 79
    • 84992330642 scopus 로고
    • CDP-choline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke
    • 5th Meeting of ENS, Munich
    • 79 Guillén, F., Buendia, C., Herrera, J., CDP-choline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. 5th Meeting of ENS, Munich, 1995.
    • (1995)
    • Guillén, F.1    Buendia, C.2    Herrera, J.3
  • 80
    • 33748208266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline in intracerebral haemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pilot study
    • 80 Secades, J.J., Alvarez-Sabín, J., Rubio, F., et al. Citicoline in intracerebral haemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pilot study. Cerebrovasc Dis 21 (2006), 380–385.
    • (2006) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.21 , pp. 380-385
    • Secades, J.J.1    Alvarez-Sabín, J.2    Rubio, F.3
  • 81
    • 58149085995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of intravenous citicoline for supratentorial hemorrhage
    • 81 Chua, R., Role of intravenous citicoline for supratentorial hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis, 23(4 Suppl), 2007, 73.
    • (2007) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 73
    • Chua, R.1
  • 82
    • 79952716354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human tissue kallikrein promoted activation of the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex after acute cerebral infarction
    • 82 Wang, Y.D., Lu, R.Y., Huang, X.X., et al. Human tissue kallikrein promoted activation of the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex after acute cerebral infarction. Eur Neurol 65 (2011), 208–214, 10.1159/000325735.
    • (2011) Eur Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 208-214
    • Wang, Y.D.1    Lu, R.Y.2    Huang, X.X.3
  • 83
    • 0020296632 scopus 로고
    • [Double blind clinical experimentation of CDP-coline on carotid circle by ophthalmodinamometric valuation]
    • 83 Bisantis, C., Colosi, P., Fiorentino, F., [Double blind clinical experimentation of CDP-coline on carotid circle by ophthalmodinamometric valuation]. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 108 (1982), 865–872.
    • (1982) Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul , vol.108 , pp. 865-872
    • Bisantis, C.1    Colosi, P.2    Fiorentino, F.3
  • 84
    • 84992373035 scopus 로고
    • Effect of citicoline (CDP-choline) on cerebrovascular diseases. A controlled clinical trial with a double-blind method
    • 84 Kameyama, M., Ohtomo, E., Koshijima, S., et al. Effect of citicoline (CDP-choline) on cerebrovascular diseases. A controlled clinical trial with a double-blind method. Clin Evaluation/Rinsho Hyoka 2 (1974), 429–439.
    • (1974) Clin Evaluation/Rinsho Hyoka , vol.2 , pp. 429-439
    • Kameyama, M.1    Ohtomo, E.2    Koshijima, S.3
  • 85
    • 84992399792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACVA: dificultades de selección de pacientes en estudios de intervencion randomizados
    • 85 Pardo, P., Andres, A.I., Castro, C., et al. ACVA: dificultades de selección de pacientes en estudios de intervencion randomizados. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol, 33(S1), 1998, 57.
    • (1998) Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol , vol.33 , Issue.S1 , pp. 57
    • Pardo, P.1    Andres, A.I.2    Castro, C.3
  • 86
    • 0007373589 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic conduct in light of a cerebral vascular accident and the use of CDP-choline
    • in French; Presented at; International Symposium: Brain Suffering and Precursors of Phospholipids. Paris; January 18 109-121
    • 86 Boudouresques, A.B., Michel, B., Therapeutic conduct in light of a cerebral vascular accident and the use of CDP-choline. in French; Presented at; International Symposium: Brain Suffering and Precursors of Phospholipids. Paris; January 18, 1980 109-121.
    • (1980)
    • Boudouresques, A.B.1    Michel, B.2
  • 87
    • 0000465759 scopus 로고
    • Results after 90 days of stroke treatment with CDP choline, concerning a double blind trial
    • in French; Presented at; International Symposium: Brain Suffering and Precursors of Phospholipids. Paris; January 18
    • 87 Goas, J.Y., Bastard, J., Missoum, A., Results after 90 days of stroke treatment with CDP choline, concerning a double blind trial. in French; Presented at; International Symposium: Brain Suffering and Precursors of Phospholipids. Paris; January 18, 1980, 123–128.
    • (1980) , pp. 123-128
    • Goas, J.Y.1    Bastard, J.2    Missoum, A.3
  • 88
    • 0020286778 scopus 로고
    • La CDPCcolina nelle vasculopatie cerebrali: valutazioni cliniche e di semeiologia strumentale [CDP choline in cerebral vasculopathy: clinical evaluation and instrumental semeiology]
    • 88 Corso, E.A., Arena, M., Ventimiglia, A., et al. La CDPCcolina nelle vasculopatie cerebrali: valutazioni cliniche e di semeiologia strumentale [CDP choline in cerebral vasculopathy: clinical evaluation and instrumental semeiology]. Clin Ter 102 (1982), 379–386.
    • (1982) Clin Ter , vol.102 , pp. 379-386
    • Corso, E.A.1    Arena, M.2    Ventimiglia, A.3
  • 89
    • 0023860168 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute cerebral infarction with a choline precursor in a multicenter double-blind controlled study
    • 89 Tazaki, Y., Sakai, F., Otomo, E., et al. Treatment of acute cerebral infarction with a choline precursor in a multicenter double-blind controlled study. Stroke 19 (1988), 211–216.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 211-216
    • Tazaki, Y.1    Sakai, F.2    Otomo, E.3
  • 90
    • 0030760430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group
    • 90 Clark, W.M., Warach, S.J., Pettigrew, L.C., et al. A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group. Neurology 49 (1997), 671–678.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 671-678
    • Clark, W.M.1    Warach, S.J.2    Pettigrew, L.C.3
  • 91
    • 0032709479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke
    • 91 Clark, W.M., Williams, B.J., Selzer, K.A., et al. A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 30 (1999), 2592–2597.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 2592-2597
    • Clark, W.M.1    Williams, B.J.2    Selzer, K.A.3
  • 92
    • 0033757829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
    • 92 Warach, S., Pettigrew, L.C., Dashe, J.F., et al. Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 48 (2000), 713–722.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 713-722
    • Warach, S.1    Pettigrew, L.C.2    Dashe, J.F.3
  • 93
    • 0035856456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients
    • 93 Clark, W.M., Wechsler, L.R., Sabounjian, L.A., et al. A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology 57 (2001), 1595–1602.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1595-1602
    • Clark, W.M.1    Wechsler, L.R.2    Sabounjian, L.A.3
  • 94
    • 43949100670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efectividad y tolerabilidad de la Citicolina en el ICTUS Isquémico agudo, estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego comparado con placebo
    • 94 Alviarez, E., Gonzalez, M., Efectividad y tolerabilidad de la Citicolina en el ICTUS Isquémico agudo, estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego comparado con placebo. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica 26 (2007), 127–130.
    • (2007) Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica , vol.26 , pp. 127-130
    • Alviarez, E.1    Gonzalez, M.2
  • 95
    • 0345583669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis
    • 95 Juni, P., Witschi, A., Bloch, R., et al. The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis. JAMA 282 (1999), 1054–1060.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1054-1060
    • Juni, P.1    Witschi, A.2    Bloch, R.3
  • 96
    • 11444261579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External validity of randomised controlled trials: “to whom do the results of this trial apply?”
    • 96 Rothwell, P.M., External validity of randomised controlled trials: “to whom do the results of this trial apply?”. Lancet 365 (2005), 82–93.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 82-93
    • Rothwell, P.M.1
  • 97
    • 33644812554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke treatment
    • 97 Martinez-Vila, E., Irimia, P., Challenges of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke treatment. Cerebrovasc Dis 20:2 Suppl (2005), 148–158.
    • (2005) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-158
    • Martinez-Vila, E.1    Irimia, P.2
  • 98
    • 79955778081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating treatments in health care: the instability of a one-legged stool
    • 98 Kaplan, B.J., Giesbrecht, G., Shannon, S., et al. Evaluating treatments in health care: the instability of a one-legged stool. BMC Med Res Methodol, 11, 2011, 65, 10.1186/1471-2288-11-65.
    • (2011) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.11 , pp. 65
    • Kaplan, B.J.1    Giesbrecht, G.2    Shannon, S.3
  • 99
    • 0034983276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in acute ischemic stroke trials through the 20th century
    • 99 Kidwell, C.S., Liebeskind, D.S., Starkman, S., et al. Trends in acute ischemic stroke trials through the 20th century. Stroke 32 (2001), 1349–1359.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1349-1359
    • Kidwell, C.S.1    Liebeskind, D.S.2    Starkman, S.3
  • 100
    • 79960872691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Care of the stroke patient: routine management to lifesaving treatment options
    • 100 Lopez, G.A., Afshinnik, A., Samuels, O., Care of the stroke patient: routine management to lifesaving treatment options. Neurother 8 (2011), 414–424, 10.1007/s13311-011-0061-1.
    • (2011) Neurother , vol.8 , pp. 414-424
    • Lopez, G.A.1    Afshinnik, A.2    Samuels, O.3
  • 101
    • 0028929172 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists
    • 101 Moher, D., Jadad, A.R., Nichol, G., et al. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Control Clin Trials 16 (1995), 62–73.
    • (1995) Control Clin Trials , vol.16 , pp. 62-73
    • Moher, D.1    Jadad, A.R.2    Nichol, G.3
  • 102
    • 60549094065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic reviews as a tool for planning and interpreting trials
    • 102 Bath, P.M., Gray, L.J., Systematic reviews as a tool for planning and interpreting trials. Int J Stroke 4 (2009), 23–27, 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00235.x.
    • (2009) Int J Stroke , vol.4 , pp. 23-27
    • Bath, P.M.1    Gray, L.J.2
  • 103
    • 0032495819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in comparisons between meta-analyses and large trials
    • 103 Ioannidis, J.P.A., Cappelleri, J.C., Lau, J., Issues in comparisons between meta-analyses and large trials. JAMA 279 (1998), 1089–1093.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1089-1093
    • Ioannidis, J.P.A.1    Cappelleri, J.C.2    Lau, J.3
  • 104
    • 12344327497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating individuals 4: can meta-analysis help target interventions at individuals most likely to benefit?
    • 104 Thompson, S.G., Higgins, J.P., Treating individuals 4: can meta-analysis help target interventions at individuals most likely to benefit?. Lancet 365 (2005), 341–346.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 341-346
    • Thompson, S.G.1    Higgins, J.P.2
  • 105
    • 1842376945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrepancies between meta-analyses and subsequent large randomized, controlled trials
    • 105 LeLorier, J., Grégoire, G., Benhaddad, A., et al. Discrepancies between meta-analyses and subsequent large randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med 337 (1997), 536–542.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 536-542
    • LeLorier, J.1    Grégoire, G.2    Benhaddad, A.3
  • 106
    • 76749169724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological, clinical, and ethical advances of placebo effects
    • 106 Finniss, D.G., Kaptchuk, T.J., Miller, F., et al. Biological, clinical, and ethical advances of placebo effects. Lancet 375 (2010), 686–695, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61706-2.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 686-695
    • Finniss, D.G.1    Kaptchuk, T.J.2    Miller, F.3
  • 107
    • 62149099593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review
    • 107 Feigin, V.L., Lawes, C.M., Bennett, D.A., et al. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol 8 (2009), 355–369, 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70025-0.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 355-369
    • Feigin, V.L.1    Lawes, C.M.2    Bennett, D.A.3
  • 108
    • 84858601983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation
    • 108 Hermann, D.M., Chopp, M., Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation. Lancet Neurol 11 (2012), 369–380, 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70039-X.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 369-380
    • Hermann, D.M.1    Chopp, M.2
  • 109
    • 34547795720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
    • 109 Shuaib, A., Lees, K.R., Lyden, P., et al. NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 357 (2007), 562–571.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 562-571
    • Shuaib, A.1    Lees, K.R.2    Lyden, P.3
  • 110
    • 84888309505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with acute ischemic stroke: results of the AX200 for Ischemic Stroke Trial
    • 110 Ringelstein, E.B., Thijs, V., Norrving, B., et al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with acute ischemic stroke: results of the AX200 for Ischemic Stroke Trial. Stroke 44 (2013), 2681–2687, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001531.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 2681-2687
    • Ringelstein, E.B.1    Thijs, V.2    Norrving, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.