What are We Learning about Speciation and Extinction from the Canary Islands?

Ardeola

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 5-23

  Illera, Juan Carlos ^a   Spurgin, Lewis G ^b   Rodriguez Exposito, Eduardo ^c   Nogales, Manuel ^d   Rando, Juan Carlos ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION BIOLOGY   (Spain)

^d INSTITUTO DE PRODUCTOS NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA   (Spain)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA   (Spain)

Author keywords

island diversification; island evolution; island phylogeography; island Quaternary fossil record; Macaronesia; oceanic islands

Indexed keywords

EID: 84969523570     PISSN: 05707358     EISSN: 23410825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.13157/arla.63.1.2016.rp1     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. AGUDO, R., ALCAIDE, M., RICO, C., LEMUS, J. A., BLANCO, G., HIRALDO, F. and DONázAR, J. A. 2011. Major histocompatibility complex variation in insular populations of the Egyptian vulture: inferences about the roles of genetic drift and selection. Molecular Ecology, 20: 2329-2340.
2. AGUDO, R., CARRETE, M., ALCAIDE, M., RICO, C., HIRALDO, F. and DONázAR, J. A. 2012. Genetic diversity at neutral and adaptive loci determines individual fitness in a long-lived territorial bird. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279: 3241-3249.
3. ALCOVER, J. A. and FLORIT, F. 1987. Una nueva es-pecie de Carduelis (Fringillidae) de La Palma. Vieraea, 17: 75-86.
4. ALCOVER, J. A., PIEPER, H., PEREIRA, F. and RAN-DO, J. C. 2015. Five new extinct species of rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from the Macarone-sian Islands (North Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa, 4057: 151-190.
5. ALLENTOFT, M. E., HELLER, R., OSKAM, C. L., LORENzEN, E. D., HALE, M. L., GILBERT, M. T. P., JACOMB, C., HOLDAWAY, R. N. and BUNCE, M. 2014. Extinct New zealand megafauna were not in decline before human colonization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111: 4922-4927.
6. BACKSTRöM, N., Zhang, Q. and EDWARDS, S. V. 2013. Evidence from a house finch (Haemor-hous mexicanus) spleen transcriptome for adap tive evolution and biased gene conversion in Passerine birds. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30: 1046-1050.
7. BARNOSKY, A. D., KOCH, P. L., FERANEC, R. S., WING, S. L. and SHABEL, A. B. 2004. Assessing the causes of late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents. Science, 306: 70-75.
8. BARRIENTOS, R., KVIST, L., BARBOSA, A., VALERA, F., KHOURY, F., VARELA, S. and MORENO, E. 2014. Refugia, colonization and diversification of an arid-adapted bird: coincident patterns between genetic data and ecological niche modelling. Molecular Ecology, 23: 390-407.
9. BARTON, N. H. 1998. Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of evolution on islands. In, P. R. Grant (Ed.): Evolution on Islands, pp. 102-123. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
10. BLACKBURN, T. M., CASSEY, P., DUNCAN, R. P., EVANS, K. L. and GASTON, K. J. 2004. Avian extinction risk and mammalian introductions on oceanic islands. Science, 305: 1955-1958.
11. BOYER, A. G. 2008. Extinction patterns in the avifauna of the Hawaiian islands. Diversity and Distributions, 14: 509-517.
12. CARRACEDO, J. C. and PÉREz-TORRADO, F. J. 2013. Geological and Geodynamic context of the Tei-de Volcanic complex. In, J. C. Carracedo and V. R. Troll (Eds.): Teide Volcano, Active Volcanoes of the World, pp. 23-36. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg.
13. CARRASCAL, L. M., MORENO, E. and VALIDO, A. 1994. Morphological evolution and changes in foraging behaviour of island and mainland populations of Blue Tit, Parus caeruleus. A test of convergence and ecomorphological hypoteses. Evolutionary Ecology, 8: 25-35.
14. CARRASCAL, L. M. and PALOMINO, D. P. 2002. De-terminantes de la riqueza de especies de aves en las islas Selvagem y Canarias. Ardeola, 49: 211-221.
15. CARRASCAL, L. M., SEOANE, J., PALOMINO, D. and POLO, V. 2008. Explanations for bird species range size: ecological correlates and phyloge-netic effects in the Canary Islands. Journal of Biogeography, 35: 2061-2073.
16. CARRETE, M., SERRANO, D., ILLERA, J. C., LÓPEz, G., VöGELI, M., DELGADO, A. and TELLA, J. L. 2009. Goats, birds and emergent diseases: Apparent and hidden effects of an exotic species in an island environment. Ecological Applications, 19: 840-853.
17. CHEN, J. M., COOPER, D. N., CHUzHANOVA, N., FÉREC, C. and PATRINOS, G. P. 2007. Gene conversion: mechanisms, evolution and human diseases. Nature Reviews Genetics, 8: 762-775.
18. CLEGG, S. 2002. Evolutionary changes following island colonization in birds. Empirical insights into the roles of microevolutionary processes. In, J. B. Losos and R. E. Ricklefs (Eds.): The theory of island biogeography revisited, pp. 293-325. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey.
19. COELLO, J., CANTAGREL, J. M., HERNáN, F., FúSTER, J. M., IBARROLA, E., ANCOCHEA, E., CASQUET, C., JAMOND, C., DíAz DE TERáN, J. R., CENDRERO, A. 1992. Evolution of the Eastern Volcanic Ridge of the Canary Islands based on new K-Ar data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 53: 251-274.
20. COYNE, J. A. and ORR, H. A. 2004. Speciation. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
21. CRACRAFT, J. 1989. Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation. In, D. Otte and J. Endler (Eds.): Speciation and its Consequences, pp. 28-59. Sinauer Associates, Sun-derland, MA, USA.
22. CRAMP, S. and PERRINS, C. M. 1993. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Old World Flycatchers to Shrikes. Vol. VII. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
23. CRAMP S. and PERRINS C. M. 1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Crows to Finches. Vol. VIII. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
24. CRANDALL, K. A., BININDA-EMONDS, O. R. P., MACE, G. M. and WAYNE, R. K. 2000. Considering evolutionary process in conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 7: 290-295.
25. DE QUEIROz, K. 2005. Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102: 6600-6607.
26. DENNISON, M. D. and BAKER, A. J. 1991. Mor-phometric variability in continental and Atlantic island populations of chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). Evolution, 45: 29-39.
27. DIETzEN, C., GARCíA-DEL-REY, E., CASTRO, G. D. and WINK, M. 2008. Phylogeography of the blue tit (Parus teneriffae-group) on the Canary Islands based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphometrics. Journal of Ornithology, 149: 1-12.
28. DUNCAN, R. P., BOYER, A. G. and BLACKBURN, T. M. 2013. Magnitude and variation of prehistoric bird extinctions in the Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110: 6436-6441.
29. EMERSON, B. C. 2002. Evolution on oceanic islands: molecular phylogenetic approaches to understanding pattern and process. Molecular Ecology, 11: 951-966.
30. EMERSON, B. C. and KOLM, N. 2005. Species diversity can drive speciation. Nature, 434: 1015-1017.
31. FRANKHAM, R. 1997. Do island populations have less genetic variation than mainland populations? Heredity, 78: 311-327.
32. FRANKHAM, R., BALLOU, J. D., DUDASH, M. R., ELDRIDGE, M. D. B., FENSTER, C. B., LACY, R. C., MENDELSON III, J. R., PORTON, I. J., RALLS, K. and RYDER, O. A. 2012. Implications of different species concepts for conservation biodiversity. Biological Conservation, 153: 25-31.
33. FUJITA, M. K., LEACHÉ, A. D., BURBRINK, F. T., MCGUIRE, J. A. and MORITz, G. 2012. Coales-cent-based species delimitation in an integrative taxonomy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 27: 480-488.
34. GARCíA-HERAS, M. S., CORTÉS-AVIzANDA, A. and DONázAR, J. A. 2013. Who Are We Feeding? Asymmetric Individual Use of Surplus Food Resources in an Insular Population of the Endangered Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus. PLoS ONE, 8: e80523.
35. GOHLI, J., LEDER, E. H., GARCíA-DEL-REY, E., JOHANNESSEN, L. E., JOHNSEN, A., LASKEMOEN, T., POPP, M. and LIFJELD, J. T. 2015. The evolutionary history of Afrocanarian blue tits inferred from genomewide SNPs. Molecular Ecology, 24: 180-191.
36. GONzáLEz-CASTRO, A., CALVIñO-CANCELA, M. and NOGALES, M. 2015. Comparing seed dispersal effectiveness by frugivores at the community level. Ecology, 96: 808-818.
37. GONzáLEz-QUEVEDO, C., DAVIES, R. G. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2014. Predictors of malaria infection in a wild bird population: landscape-level analyses reveal climatic and anthropogenic factors. Journal of Animal Ecology, 83: 1091-1102.
38. GONzáLEz-QUEVEDO, C., SPURGIN, L. G., ILLERA, J. C. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2015. Drift, not selection, shapes toll-like receptor variation among oceanic island populations. Molecular Ecology, 24: 5852-5863.
39. GRANT, P. R. 1979a. Ecological and morphological variation of the Canary Island blue tits, Parus caeruleus (Aves: Paridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 11: 103-129.
40. GRANT, P. R. 1979b. Evolution of the chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs, on the Atlantic Islands. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 11: 301-332.
41. GRANT, P. R. 2001. Reconstructing the evolution of birds in islands: 100 years of research. Oikos, 92: 385-403.
42. GRANT, P. R. and GRANT, B. R. 2008. How and why species multiply. The radiation of Darwin's finches. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
43. GRANT, B. R. and GRANT, P. R. 2010. Songs of Darwin's finches diverge when a new species enters the community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107: 20156-20163.
44. GRAY, A. and CAVERS, S. 2014. Island biogeogra-phy, the effects of taxonomic effort and the importance of island niche diversity to single-island endemic species. Systematic Biology, 63: 55-65.
45. HANSSON, B., LJUNGQVIST, M., ILLERA, J. C. and KVIST, L. 2014. Pronounced fixation, strong population differentiation and complex population history in the Canary Islands blue tit subspecies complex. PLoS ONE, 9: e90186.
46. HARTL, D. L. and CLARK, A. G. 1997. Principles of population genetics. Vol. 116. Sunderland: Sinauer associates.
47. HAUSDORF, B. 2011. Progress toward a general species concept. Evolution, 65: 923-931.
48. IDAGHDOUR, Y., BRODERICK, D., KORRIDA, A. and CHBEL, F. 2004, Mitochondrial control region diversity of the houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata complex and genetic structure along the Atlantic seaboard of North Africa. Molecular Ecology, 13: 43-54.
49. ILLERA, J. C., DíAz, M. and NOGALES, M. 2006. Ecological traits influence the current distribution and range of an island endemic bird. Journal of Biogeography, 33: 1192-1201.
50. ILLERA, J. C., EMERSON, B. C. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2007. Population history of Berthelot's pipit: colonization, gene flow and morphological divergence in Macaronesia. Molecular Ecology, 16: 4599-4612.
51. ILLERA, J. C., EMERSON, B. C. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2008. Genetic characterization, distribution and prevalence of avian pox and avian malaria in the Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii) in Macaronesia. Parasitology Research, 103: 1435-1443.
52. ILLERA, J. C., FERNáNDEz-áLVAREz, á., HERNáN-DEz-FLORES, C. N. and FORONDA, P. 2015. Unforeseen biogeographical patterns in a multiple parasite system in Macaronesia. Journal of Bio-geography. Journal of Biogeography, 42: 1858-1870.
53. ILLERA, J. C., KOIVULA, K., BROGGI, J., PäCKERT, M., MARTENS, J. and KVIST, L. 2011. A multi-gene approach reveals a complex evolutionary history in the Cyanistes species group. Molecular Ecology, 20: 4123-4139.
54. ILLERA, J. C., PALMERO, A. M., LAIOLO, P., RODRí-GUEz, F., MORENO, A. C. and NAVASCUÉS, M. 2014. Genetic, morphological, and acoustic evidence reveals lack of diversification in the colonisation process in an island bird. Evolution, 68: 2259-2274.
55. ILLERA, J. C., RANDO, J. C., RICHARDSON, D. S. and EMERSON, B. C. 2012. Age, origin and extinctions of the avifauna of Macaronesia: a synthesis of phylogenetic and fossil information. Quaternary Science Review, 50: 14-22.
56. JAUME, D., MCMINN, M. and ALCOVER, J. A. 1993. Fossil birds from the Bujero del Silo, La Gomera (Canary Islands), with a description of a new species of quail (Galliformes: Phasianidae). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 2: 147-165.
57. JENSEN, H., BREMSET, E. M., RINGSBY, T.H. and SæTHER, B. E. 2007. Multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in an insular house sparrow metapopulation. Molecular Ecology, 16: 4066-4078.
58. JUAN, C., EMERSON, B. C., OROMí, P. and HEWITT, G. 2000. Colonization and diversification: towards a phylogeographic synthesis for the Canary Islands. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3: 104-109.
59. KIM, S. C., MCGOWEN, M. R., LUBINSKY, P., BARBER, J. C., MORT, M. E. and SANTOS-GUERRA, A. 2008. Timing and Tempo of Early and Successive Adaptive Radiations in Macaronesia. PLoS ONE, 3: e2139.
60. KIRCHMAN, J. J. and STEADMAN, D. W. 2007. New species of extinct rails (Aves: Rallidae) from archaeological sites in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. Pacific Science, 61: 145-163.
61. KVIST, L., BROGGI, J., ILLERA, J. C. and KOIVULA, K. 2005. Colonisation and diversification of the blue tits (Parus caeruleus teneriffae-group) in the Canary Islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34: 501-511.
62. LAIOLO, P. 2012. Interspecific interactions drive cultural co-evolution and acoustic convergence in syntopic species. Journal of Animal Ecology, 81: 594-604.
63. LAIOLO, P. and TELLA, J. L. 2007. Erosion of animal cultures in fragmented landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5: 68-72.
64. LACHLAN, R. F., VERzIJDEN, M. N., BERNARD, C. S., JONKER, P. P., KOESE, B., JAARSMA, S., SPOOR, W., SLATER, P. J. B. and TEN CATE, C. 2013. The Progressive Loss of Syntactical Structure in Bird Song along an Island Colonization Chain. Current Biology, 23: 1896-1901.
65. LAMICHHANEY, S., BERGLUND, J., ALMÉN, M. S., MAQBOOL, K., GRABHERR, M., MARTINEz-BARRIO, A., PROMEROVá, M., RUBIN, C. J., WANG, C., zAMANI, N., GRANT, B. R., GRANT, P. R., WEBSTER, M. T. and ANDERSSON, L. 2015. Evolution of Darwin's finches and their beaks revealed by genome sequencing. Nature, 518, 371-375.
66. LYNCH, A. and BAKER, A. J. 1994. A population memetics approach to cultural evolution in chaffinch song: differentiation among populations. Evolution, 48: 351-359.
67. MACE, G. M. 2004. The role of taxonomy in species conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359: 711-719.
68. MARSHALL, H. D. and BAKER, A. J. 1999. Colonization History of Atlantic Island Common Chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 11: 201-212.
69. MARTíN, A. and LORENzO, J. A. 2001. Aves del archipiélago canario. F. Lemus (Ed.). La La-guna.
70. MARTIN, J. L. 1991. Patterns and significance of geographical variation in the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus). Auk, 108: 820-832.
71. MAYR, E. 1942. Systematics and the origin of species, from the viewpoint of a zoologist. Harvard University Press.
72. MAYR, E. 1954. Change of genetic environment and evolution. In, J. Huxley, A. C. Hardy and E. B. Ford (Eds.): Evolution as a Process, pp. 157-180. George Allen and Unwin. London.
73. MCKAY, B. D. and zINK, R. M. 2014. Sisyphean evolution in Darwin's finches. Biological Reviews, 90: 689-698.
74. MCMINN, M., JAUME, D. and ALCOVER, J. A. 1990. Puffinus olsoni n. sp.: nova espècie de baldritja recentment extingida provinent de depòsits es-peleològics de Fuerteventura i Lanzarote (Illes Canàries, Atlàntic oriental). Endins, 16: 63-71.
75. MILLER, H. C. and LAMBERT, D. M. 2004. Gene duplication and gene conversion in Class II MHC genes of New zealand robins (Petroicidae). Immunogenetics, 56: 178-191.
76. MORI, A., BALDACCINI, N. E., BARATTI, M., CACCAMO, C., DESSì-FULGHERI, F., GRASSO, R., NOUIRA, S., OUNI, R., POLLONARA, E., RODRíGUEz-GODOY, F., SPENA, M. T. and GIUNCHI, D. 2014. A first assessment of genetic variability in the Eurasian Stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus. Ibis, 156: 687-692.
77. PäCKERT, M., MARTENS, J., HERING, J., KVIST, L. and ILLERA, J. C. 2013. Return flight to the Canary Islands-the key role of peripheral populations of Afrocanarian blue tits (Aves: Cyanistes teneriffae) in multi-gene reconstructions of colonization pathways. Molecular Phyloge-netics and Evolution, 67: 458-467.
78. PADIAL, J. M., MIRALLES, A., DE LA RIVA, I. and VENCES, M. 2010. The integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology, 7: 16.
79. PADILLA, D. P., SPURGIN, L. G., FAIRFIELD, E., ILLERA, J. C. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2015. Population history, gene flow and bottlenecks in island populations of a secondary seed disperser, the southern grey shrike (Lanius meridionalis koenigi). Ecology and Evolution, 5: 36-45.
80. PALACIOS, C. J. 2004. Alimoche Canario Neophron percnopterus majorensis. In, A. Madroño, C. González, and J. C. Atienza, (Eds.): Libro Rojo de las Aves de España, pp. 131-134. Dirección General de Biodiversidad-Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Madrid.
81. PÉREz-TRIS, J., BENSCH, S., CARBONELL, R., HELBIG, A. J. and TELLERíA, J. L. 2004. Historical diversification of migration patterns in a passerine bird. Evolution, 58: 1819-1832.
82. PÉREz-RODRíGUEz, A., RAMíREz, á., RICHARDSON, D. S. and PÉREz-TRIS, J. 2013. Evolution of parasite island syndromes without long-term host population isolation: parasite dynamics in Macaronesian blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22: 1272-1281.
83. PHILLIMORE, A. B. and OWENS, I. P. 2006. Are subspecies useful in evolutionary and conservation biology? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273: 1049-1053.
84. PRATT, H. D. 2010. Revisiting species and subspecies of island birds for a better assessment of biodiversity. Ornithological Monographs, 67: 79-89.
85. PRICE, T. 2008. The speciation in birds. Roberts and company publishers.Colorado, USA.
86. PROMEROVá, M., KRáLOVá, T., BRYJOVá, A., ALBRECHT, T. and BRYJA, J. 2013. MHC Class IIB Exon 2 Polymorphism in the Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix) is shaped by selection, recombination and gene conversion. PLoS ONE, 8: e69135.
87. RAMíREz, O., ILLERA, J. C., RANDO, J. C., GONzá-LEz-SOLíS, J., ALCOVER, J. A. and LALUEzA-FOX, C. 2010. Ancient DNA of the extinct Lava shearwater (Puffinus olsoni) from the Canary Islands reveals incipient differentiation within the Puffi-nus puffinus complex. PLoS ONE, 5: e16072.
88. RAMíREz, O., GÓMEz-DíAz, E., OLALDE, I., ILLERA, J. C., RANDO, J. C., GONzáLEz-SOLIS, J. and LALUEzA-FOX, C. 2013. Population connectivity buffers genetic diversity loss in a seabird. Frontiers in Zoology, 10: 28.
89. RANDO, J. C. 2007. New fossil records of choughs genus Pyrhocorax in the Canary Islands: hypotheses to explain its extinction and current narrow distribution. Ardeola, 54: 185-195.
90. RANDO, J. C., ALCOVER, J. A. and ILLERA, J. C. 2010. Disentangling ancient interactions: A new extinct passerine provides insights on character displacement among extinct and extant island finches. PLoS ONE, 5: e12956.
91. RANDO, J. C., LÓPEz, M. and SEGUí, B. 1999. A new species of extinct flightless passerine (Em-berizidae: Emberiza) from the Canary Islands. Condor, 101: 1-13.
92. RICKLEFS, R. E. and BERMINGHAM, E. 2007. The causes of evolutionary radiations in archipelagos: passerine birds in the Lesser Antilles. American Naturalist, 169: 285-297.
93. RODRIGUES, P., LOPES, R. J., REIS, S., RESENDES, R., RAMOS, J. A. and TRISTãO DA CUNHA, R. 2014. Genetic diversity and morphological variation of the common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs in the Azores. Journal of Avian Biology, 45: 167-178.
94. SAMARASIN-DISSANAYAKE, P. 2010. Population differentiation, historical demography and evolutionary relationships among widespread common chaffinch populations (Fringilla coelebs ssp.). PhD. Dissertation. University of Toronto.
95. SANGSTER, G. 2006. The taxonomic status of "phylogroups" in the Parus teneriffae complex (Aves): comments on the paper by Kvist et al. (2005). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38: 288-289.
96. SANGSTER, G. 2014. The application of species criteria in avian taxonomy and its implications for the debate over species concepts. Biological Reviews, 89: 199-214.
97. SANGSTER, G., RODRíGUEz-GODOY, F., ROSELAAR, C. S., ROBB, M. S. and LUKSENBURG, J. A. 2016. Integrative taxonomy reveals Europe's rarest songbird species, the Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch Fringilla polatzeki. Journal of Avian Biology, 47: 159-166.
98. SáNCHEz MARCO, A. 2010. New data and an overview of the past avifaunas from the Canary Islands. Ardeola, 57: 13-40.
99. SCHLUTER, D. 1988. Character displacement and the adaptive divergence of finches on islands and continents. American Naturalist, 131: 800-824.
100. SCHOTTLER, B. 1993. Canary Island blue tits (Parus caeruleus ssp)-differences and variation in territorial song-preliminary results. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, (Suppl 2): 273-277.
101. SCHOTTLER, B. 1995. Songs of blue tits Parus caeruleus palmensis from La Palma (Canary Islands): a test of hypotheses. Bioacoustics, 6: 135-152.
102. SEDDON, N., BOTERO, C. A., TOBIAS, J. A., DUNN, P. O., MACGREGOR, H. E. A., RUBENSTEIN, D. R., UY, J. A. C., WEIR, J. T., WHITTINGHAM, L. A. and SAFRAN, R. J. 2013. Sexual selection accelerates signal evolution during speciation in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280: 20131065.
103. SEOANE, J., CARRASCAL, L. M. and PALOMINO, D. 2011. Assessing the ecological basis of conservation priority lists for bird species in an island scenario. Journal for Nature Conservation, 19: 103-115.
104. SOLíS-LEMUS, C., KNOWLES, L. L. and ANÉ, C. 2015. Bayesian species delimitation combining multiple genes and traits in a unified framework. Evolution, 69: 492-507.
105. SPURGIN, L. G., ILLERA, J. C., PADILLA, D. P. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2012. Biogeographical patterns and co-occurrence of pathogenic infection across island populations of Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii). Oecologia, 168: 691-701.
106. SPURGIN, L. G., ILLERA, J. C., JORGENSEN, T. H., DAWSON, D. A. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2014. Genetic and phenotypic divergence in an island bird: isolation by distance, by colonisation or by adaptation? Molecular Ecology, 23: 1028-1039.
107. SPURGIN, L. G. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2010. How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 277: 979-988.
108. SPURGIN, L. G, VAN OOSTERHOUT, C., ILLERA, J. C., BRIDGETT, S., GHARBI, K., EMERSON, B. C. and RICHARDSON, D. S. 2011. Gene conversion rapidly generates major histocompatibility complex diversity in recently founded bird populations. Molecular Ecology, 20: 5213-5225.
109. STATTERSFIELD, A. J., CROSBY, M. J., LONG, A. J. and WEGE, D. C. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World. BirdLife Conservation, Series. Vol. 7. BirdLife International. Cambridge.
110. STEADMAN, D. W. 2006. Extinction and Bio-geography of Tropical Pacific Birds. University of Chicago Press. London.
111. STERVANDER, M., ILLERA, J. C., KVIST, L., BAR-BOSA, P., KEEHNEN, N. P., PRUISSCHER, P., BENSCH, S. and HANSSON, B. 2015. Disentangling the complex evolutionary history of the Western Palearctic blue tits (Cyanistes spp.)-phylogenomic analyses suggest radiation by multiple colonization events and subsequent isolation. Molecular Ecology, 24: 2477-2494.
112. STUART CHAPIN III, F., zAVALETA, E., EVINER, V. T., NAYLOR, R. L., VITOUSEK, P. M., REYNOLDS, H. L., HOOPER, D. U., LAVOREL, S., SALA, O. E., HOBBIE, S. E., MACK, M. C. and DíAz, S. 2000. Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 405: 234-242.
113. SUáREz, N. M., BETANCOR, E., KLASERT, T. E., ALMEIDA, T., HERNáNDEz, M. and PESTANO, J. J. 2009. Phylogeography and genetic structure of the Canarian common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) inferred with mtDNA and microsatellite loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53: 556-564.
114. rd . Edition.
115. VALENTE, L., ETIENNE, R. S. and PHILLIMORE, A. B. 2014. The effects of island ontogeny on species diversity and phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 281: 20133227.
116. VALIENTE-BANUET, A., AIzEN, M. A., ALCáNTARA, J. M., ARROYO, J., COCUCCI, A., GALETTI, M., GARCíA, M. B., GARCíA, D., GÓMEz, J. M., JORDANO, P., MEDEL, R., NAVARRO, L., OBESO, J. R., OVIEDO, R., RAMíREz, N., REY, P. J., TRAVESET, A., VERDú, M. and zAMORA, R. 2015. Beyond species loss: the extinction of ecological interactions in a changing world. Functional Ecology, 29: 299-307.
117. VITALES, D., GARNATJE, T., PELLICER, J., VALLèS, J., SANTOS-GUERRA, A. and SANMARTíN, I. 2014. The explosive radiation of Cheirolophus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Macaronesia. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14: 118.
118. WALKER, C. A., WRAGG, G. M. and HARRISON, C. J. O. 1990. A new shearwater from the Pleistocene of the Canary Islands and its bearing on the evolution of certain Puffinus shearwaters. Historical Biology, 3: 203-224.
119. WARREN, B. H., SIMBERLOFF, D., RICKLEFS, R. E., AGUILÉE, R., CONDAMINE, F. L., GRAVEL, D., MORLON, H., MOUQUET, N., ROSINDELL, J., CASQUET, J., CONTI, E., CORNUAULT, J., FER-NáNDEz-PALACIOS, J. M., HENGL, T., NORDER, S. J., RIJSDIJK, K. F., SANMARTíN, I., STRASBERG, D., TRIANTIS, K. A., VALENTE, L. M., WHITTAKER, R. J., GILLESPIE, G. R., EMERSON, B. C. and THÉBAUD, C. 2015. Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson. Ecology Letters, 18: 200-216.
120. Zink, R. M. 2004. The role of subspecies in obscuring avian biological diversity and misleading conservation policy. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 271: 561-564.