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We thank the NSF for funding aspects of this research; contributors to the European, North Ameridatabases for making their data available online; D. K. Grayson, P. Martin, and five anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, and students and faculty who contributed to the lively discussions on these issues in seminars at the University of California Berkeley and Santa Cruz campuses. This is contribution no. 1863 from the University of California Museum of Paleontology.
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