Strengthening of the tropopause inversion layer during the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming: A MERRA-2 study

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 73, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 1871-1887

  Wargan, Krzysztof ^a,b   Coy, Lawrence ^a,b  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Atm Ocean Structure Phenomena; Stratosphere; Stratosphere troposphere coupling

Indexed keywords

INVERSION LAYERS; NASA; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; INDUCED ACCELERATIONS; RESEARCH AND APPLICATION; RESIDUAL CIRCULATIONS; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE COUPLING; SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WARMING;

CLOUDS;

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; PLANETARY WAVE; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE INTERACTION; TROPOPAUSE; WAVE FORCE; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 84965110559     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0333.1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, 1987: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 40, Academic Press, 489 pp.
2. Birner, T., 2006: Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D04104, doi:10.1029/2005JD006301.
3. Birner, T., 2010: Residual circulation and tropopause structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2582-2600, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3287.1.
4. Birner, T., A. Dörnbrack, and U. Schumann, 2002: How sharp is the tropopause at midlatitudes? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 45-1-45-4, doi:10.1029/2002GL015142.
5. Birner, T., D. Sankey, and T. G. Shepherd, 2006: The tropopause inversion layer in models and analyses. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14804, doi:10.1029/2006GL026549.
6. Bosilovich, M. G., and Coauthors, 2015: MERRA-2: Initial evaluation of the climate. Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation Tech. Rep. NASA/TM-2015-104606, Vol. 43, 145 pp. [Available online at http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/docs/.]
7. Butler, A. H., D. J. Seidel, S. C. Hardiman, N. Butchart, T. Birner, and A. Match, 2015: Defining sudden stratospheric warmings. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 1913-1928, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00173.1.
8. Coy, L., and S. Pawson, 2015: The major stratospheric sudden warming of January 2013: Analyses and forecasts in the GEOS-5 data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 143, 491-510, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-14-00023.1.
9. Erler, A. R., and V. Wirth, 2011: The static stability of the tropopause region in adiabatic baroclinic life cycle experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1178-1193, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3694.1.
10. Gettelman, A., and T. Wang, 2015: Structural diagnostics of the tropopause inversion layer and its evolution. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 46-62, doi:10.1002/2014JD021846.
11. Gettelman, A., P. Hoor, L. L. Pan, W. J. Randel, M. I. Hegglin, and T. Birner, 2011: The extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Rev. Geophys., 49, RG3003, doi:10.1029/2011RG000355.
12. GMAO, 2015: MERRA-2 inst3_3d_asm_Nv: 3D IAU State, Meteorology Instantaneous 3-hourly (0.625 × 0.5L72), version 5.12.4. Goddard Space Flight Center Distributed Active Archive Center, accessed May 2015, doi:10.5067/WWQSXQ8IVFW8.
13. Grise, K. M., D. W. J. Thompson, and T. Birner, 2010: A global survey of static stability in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. J. Climate, 23, 2275-2292, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3369.1.
14. Harada, Y., A. Goto, H. Hasegawa, N. Fujikawa, H. Naoe, and T. Hirooka, 2010: A major stratospheric sudden warming event in January 2009. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2052-2069, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3320.1.
15. 2O, and CO. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00B11, doi:10.1029/2008JD009984.
16. Homeyer, C. R., K. P. Bowman, and L. L. Pan, 2010: Extratropical tropopause transition layer characteristics from high-resolution sounding data. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D13108, doi:10.1029/2009JD013664.
17. Kunkel, D., P. Hoor, and V. Wirth, 2014: Can inertia-gravity waves persistently alter the tropopause inversion layer? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7822-7829, doi:10.1002/2014GL061970.
18. Kuttippurath, J., and G. Nikulin, 2012: A comparative study of the major sudden stratospheric warmings in the Arctic winters 2003/04-2009/10. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8115-8129, doi:10.5194/acp-12-8115-2012.
19. Manney, G. L., K. Krüger, J. L. Sabutis, S. A. Sena, and S. Pawson, 2005: The remarkable 2003-2004 winter and other recent warm winters in the Arctic stratosphere since the late 1990s. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D04107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005367.
20. Manney, G. L., and Coauthors, 2008: The evolution of the stratopause during the 2006 major warming: Satellite data and assimilated meteorological analyses. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11115, doi:10.1029/2007JD009097.
21. Manney, G. L., and Coauthors, 2009: Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations of dynamics and transport during the recordbreaking 2009 Arctic stratospheric major warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12815, doi:10.1029/2009GL038586.
22. Molod, A., L. Takacs, M. Suarez, and J. Bacmeister, 2015: Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: Evolution from MERRAto MERRA2. Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1339-1356, doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1339-2015.
23. Peevey, T. R., J. C. Gille, C. R. Homeyer, and G. L. Manney, 2014: The double tropopause and its dynamical relationship to the tropopause inversion layer in storm track regions. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 10 194-10 212, doi:10.1002/2014JD021808.
24. Randel, W. J., and F. Wu, 2010: The polar summer tropopause inversion layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2572-2581, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3430.1.
25. Randel, W. J., and F. Wu, and P. Forster, 2007: The extratropical tropopause inversion layer: Global observations with GPS data, and a radiative forcing mechanism. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4489-4496, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2412.1.
26. Rienecker, M. M., and Coauthors, 2011: MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624-3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
27. Schwartz, M. J., G. L. Manney, M. I. Hegglin, N. J. Livesey, M. L. Santee, and W. H. Daffer, 2015: Climatology and variability of trace gases in extratropical double-tropopause regions from MLS, HIRDLS, and ACE-FTS measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 843-867, doi:10.1002/2014JD021964.
28. Son, S.-W., and L. M. Polvani, 2007: Dynamical formation of an extra-tropical tropopause inversion layer in a relatively simple general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17806, doi:10.1029/2007GL030564.
29. Son, S.-W., N. F. Tandon, and L. M. Polvani, 2011: The fine-scale structure of the global tropopause derived from COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20113, doi:10.1029/2011JD016030.
30. Tomikawa, Y., Y. Nishimura, and T. Yamanouchi, 2009: Characteristics of tropopause and tropopause inversion layer in the polar region. SOLA, 5, 141-144, doi:10.2151/sola.2009-036.
31. Son, S.-W., 2003: Static stability in the extratropical tropopause region. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1395-1409, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1395:SSITET>2.0.CO;2.
32. Son, S.-W., 2004: A dynamical mechanism for tropopause sharpening. Meteor. Z., 13, 477-484, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2004/0013-0477.
33. Son, S.-W., and T. Szabo, 2007: Sharpness of the extratropical tropopause in baroclinic life cycle experiments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02809, doi:10.1029/2006GL028369.
34. WMO, 1957: Meteorology-A three-dimensional science. WMO Bull., 6, 134-138.
35. Zhang, Y., S. Zhang, C. Huang, K. Huang, Y. Gong, and Q. Gan, 2015: The interaction between the tropopause inversion layer and the inertial gravity wave activities revealed by radiosonde observations at a midlatitude station. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 8099-8111, doi:10.1002/2015JD023115.