메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 119, Issue 17, 2014, Pages 10,194-10,212

The double tropopause and its dynamical relationship to the tropopause inversion layer in storm track regions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85018214787     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD021808     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (81)
  • 2
    • 84874510765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of air between multiple tropopauses at midlatitudes
    • Añel, J. A., L. de la Torre, and L. Gimeno (2012), On the origin of air between multiple tropopauses at midlatitudes, Sci. World J., 191028, doi:10.1100/2012/191028.
    • (2012) Sci. World J , vol.191028
    • Añel, J.A.1    De La Torre, L.2    Gimeno, L.3
  • 3
    • 84861122392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Rossby wave breaking and its response to shifts of the midlatitude jet with climate change
    • Barnes, E. A., and D. L. Hartmann (2012), Detection of Rossby wave breaking and its response to shifts of the midlatitude jet with climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D09117, doi:10.1029/2012JD017469.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • Barnes, E.A.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 5
    • 84880293126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure of intense convective clouds derived from GPS radio occultations
    • Biondi, R., W. J. Randel, S.-P. Ho, T. Neubert, and S. Syndergaard (2012), Thermal structure of intense convective clouds derived from GPS radio occultations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5309–5318, doi:10.5194/acp-12-5309-2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.12 , pp. 5309-5318
    • Biondi, R.1    Randel, W.J.2    Ho, S.-P.3    Neubert, T.4    Syndergaard, S.5
  • 6
    • 33645517857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region
    • Birner, T. (2006), Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D04104, doi:10.1029/2005JD006301.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res , vol.111
    • Birner, T.1
  • 7
    • 77953714837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual circulation and tropopause structure
    • Birner, T. (2010), Residual circulation and tropopause structure, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2582–2600.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.67 , pp. 2582-2600
    • Birner, T.1
  • 8
    • 0037101757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How sharp is the tropopause at midlatitudes?
    • Birner, T., A. Dörnbrack, and U. Schumann (2002), How sharp is the tropopause at midlatitudes?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), 45-1–45-4, doi:10.1029/2002GL015142.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.29 , Issue.14 , pp. 45-51
    • Birner, T.1    Dörnbrack, A.2    Schumann, U.3
  • 9
    • 0013170763 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of Selected European Cyclones by Means of Serial Ascents
    • Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
    • Bjerknes, J., and E. Palmen (1937), Investigation of Selected European Cyclones by Means of Serial Ascents, Geofis. Publ., vol. 12, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
    • (1937) Geofis. Publ , vol.12
    • Bjerknes, J.1    Palmen, E.2
  • 10
    • 0012196097 scopus 로고
    • Synoptical representation of atmospheric motions
    • Bjerknes, V. (1910), Synoptical representation of atmospheric motions, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 36, 267–286.
    • (1910) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.36 , pp. 267-286
    • Bjerknes, V.1
  • 11
    • 0000243026 scopus 로고
    • Organization of clouds and precipitation in extratropical cyclones
    • in Extratropical Cyclones; The Erik Palmen Memorial Volume, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
    • Browning, K. A. (1990), Organization of clouds and precipitation in extratropical cyclones, in Extratropical Cyclones; The Erik Palmen Memorial Volume, edited by C. W. Hewson and E. O. Holopainen, chap. 8, pp. 129–153, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
    • (1990) C. W. Hewson and E. O. Holopainen, Chap , vol.8 , pp. 129-153
    • Browning, K.A.1
  • 12
    • 0019168956 scopus 로고
    • Airflow through midlatitude cyclones and the comma cloud pattern
    • Carlson, T. N. (1980), Airflow through midlatitude cyclones and the comma cloud pattern, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1498–1509.
    • (1980) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.108 , pp. 1498-1509
    • Carlson, T.N.1
  • 13
    • 80054823742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of double tropopause events with baroclinic waves
    • Castanheira, J. M., and L. Gimeno (2011), Association of double tropopause events with baroclinic waves, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19113, doi:10.1029/2011JD016163.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Castanheira, J.M.1    Gimeno, L.2
  • 15
    • 84868687086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between Brewer-Dobson circulation, double tropopauses, ozone and stratospheric water vapour, Atmos
    • Castanheira, J. M., T. R. Peevey, C. A. F. Marques, and M. A. Olsen (2012), Relationships between Brewer-Dobson circulation, double tropopauses, ozone and stratospheric water vapour, Atmos, Chem. Phys., 12, 10,195–10,208.
    • (2012) Chem. Phys , vol.12 , pp. 195-210
    • Castanheira, J.M.1    Peevey, T.R.2    Marques, C.A.F.3    Olsen, M.A.4
  • 17
    • 84881116539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the diurnal variation of upper tropospheric humidity in reanalysis datasets
    • Chung, E.-S., B. Soden, B. Sohn, and J. Schmetz (2013), An assessment of the diurnal variation of upper tropospheric humidity in reanalysis datasets, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 3425–3430, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50345.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos , vol.118 , pp. 3425-3430
    • Chung, E.-S.1    Soden, B.2    Sohn, B.3    Schmetz, J.4
  • 18
    • 0005501346 scopus 로고
    • The laminar structure of the atmosphere and its relation to the concept of a tropopause
    • Danielsen, E. F. (1959), The laminar structure of the atmosphere and its relation to the concept of a tropopause, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. A, 11, 293–332.
    • (1959) Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. A , vol.11 , pp. 293-332
    • Danielsen, E.F.1
  • 19
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • Dee, D. P., et al. (2011), The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553–597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
    • (2011) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.P.1
  • 21
    • 0033390389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baroclinic wave breaking and the internal variability of the tropospheric circulation
    • Esler, J. G., and P. H. Haynes (1999), Baroclinic wave breaking and the internal variability of the tropospheric circulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4014–4031.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 4014-4031
    • Esler, J.G.1    Haynes, P.H.2
  • 22
    • 85018726100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do climate change and stratospheric ozone loss interact?
    • edited by A. R. Ravishankara, M. J. Kurylo, and C. A. Ennis, 2.4 ed, Department of Commerce, NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North California. a Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research
    • Fahey, D. W., A. R. Douglass, V. Ramaswamy, and A.-M. Schmoltner (2008), How do climate change and stratospheric ozone loss interact?, in Trends in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery, and Implications for Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, edited by A. R. Ravishankara, M. J. Kurylo, and C. A. Ennis, 2.4 ed., pp. 111–132, Department of Commerce, NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North California. a Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research.
    • (2008) Trends in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery, and Implications for Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure , pp. 111-132
    • Fahey, D.W.1    Douglass, A.R.2    Ramaswamy, V.3    Schmoltner, A.-M.4
  • 23
    • 51749119875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation due to increases in greenhouse gases
    • Garcia, R., and W. Randel (2008), Acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation due to increases in greenhouse gases, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2731–2739, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2712.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 2731-2739
    • Garcia, R.1    Randel, W.2
  • 26
    • 52349109496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): Experiment, overview, recovery, and validation of initial temperature data
    • Gille, J. C., et al. (2008), The High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): Experiment, overview, recovery, and validation of initial temperature data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16S43, doi:10.1029/2007JD008824.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113
    • Gille, J.C.1
  • 27
    • 77953693690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global survey of static stability in the stratosphere and upper troposphere
    • Grise, K. M., D. W. J. Thompson, and T. Birner (2010), A global survey of static stability in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, J. Clim., 23, 2275–2292.
    • (2010) J. Clim , vol.23 , pp. 2275-2292
    • Grise, K.M.1    Thompson, D.W.J.2    Birner, T.3
  • 28
    • 84981677041 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms influencing distribution of precipitation within baroclinic disturbances
    • Harrold, T. (1973), Mechanisms influencing distribution of precipitation within baroclinic disturbances, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 232–251.
    • (1973) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.99 , pp. 232-251
    • Harrold, T.1
  • 29
    • 84899721906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the source of the stratospheric gravity wave belt in austral winter
    • Hendricks, E., J. Doyle, S. Eckermann, Q. Jiang, and P. Reinecke (2014), What is the source of the stratospheric gravity wave belt in austral winter, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 1583–1592, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0332.1.
    • (2014) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.71 , pp. 1583-1592
    • Hendricks, E.1    Doyle, J.2    Eckermann, S.3    Jiang, Q.4    Reinecke, P.5
  • 30
    • 0002372232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tropopause: Discovery, definition and demarcation
    • Hoinka, K. P. (1997), The tropopause: Discovery, definition and demarcation, Meteorol. Z., 6(6), 281–303.
    • (1997) Meteorol. Z , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 281-303
    • Hoinka, K.P.1
  • 33
    • 77956033857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extratropical tropopause transition layer characteristics from high-resolution sounding data
    • Homeyer, C. R., K. P. Bowman, and L. L. Pan (2010), Extratropical tropopause transition layer characteristics from high-resolution sounding data, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D13108, doi:10.1029/2009JD013664.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res , vol.115
    • Homeyer, C.R.1    Bowman, K.P.2    Pan, L.L.3
  • 34
    • 79953235719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical and chemical characteristics of tropospheric intrusions observed during START08
    • Homeyer, C. R., K. P. Bowman, L. L. Pan, E. L. Atlas, R. Gao, and T. L. Campos (2011), Dynamical and chemical characteristics of tropospheric intrusions observed during START08, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D06111, doi:10.1029/2010JD015098.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Homeyer, C.R.1    Bowman, K.P.2    Pan, L.L.3    Atlas, E.L.4    Gao, R.5    Campos, T.L.6
  • 35
    • 84858291553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of microphysical processes on the potential vorticity development in a warm conveyor belt: A case-study with the limited-area model COSMO
    • Joose, H., and H. Wernli (2012), Influence of microphysical processes on the potential vorticity development in a warm conveyor belt: A case-study with the limited-area model COSMO, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 138, 407–418, doi:10.1002/qj.934.
    • (2012) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.138 , pp. 407-418
    • Joose, H.1    Wernli, H.2
  • 36
    • 72049101439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview and characterization of retrievals of temperature, pressure, and atmospheric constituents from the High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) measurements
    • Khosravi, R., et al. (2009), Overview and characterization of retrievals of temperature, pressure, and atmospheric constituents from the High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D20304, doi:10.1029/2009JD011937.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res , vol.114
    • Khosravi, R.1
  • 39
    • 71949121369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High static stability in the mixing layer above the extratropical tropopause
    • Kunz, A., P. Konopka, R. Müller, L. L. Pan, C. Schiller, and F. Rohrer (2009), High static stability in the mixing layer above the extratropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D16305, doi:10.1029/2009JD011840.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res , vol.114
    • Kunz, A.1    Konopka, P.2    Müller, R.3    Pan, L.L.4    Schiller, C.5    Rohrer, F.6
  • 40
    • 84055221769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and dynamical discontinuity at the extratropical tropopause based on START08 and WACCM analyses
    • Kunz, A., L. L. Pan, P. Konopka, D. E. Kinnison, and S. Tilmes (2011a), Chemical and dynamical discontinuity at the extratropical tropopause based on START08 and WACCM analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24302, doi:10.1029/2011JD016686.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Kunz, A.1    Pan, L.L.2    Konopka, P.3    Kinnison, D.E.4    Tilmes, S.5
  • 41
    • 78751484404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical tropopause based on isentropic potential vorticity gradients
    • Kunz, A., P. Konopka, R. Müller, and L. L. Pan (2011b), Dynamical tropopause based on isentropic potential vorticity gradients, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D01110, doi:10.1029/2010JD014343.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Kunz, A.1    Konopka, P.2    Müller, R.3    Pan, L.L.4
  • 44
    • 84899118570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology of Upper Tropospheric/Lower Stratospheric (UTLS) jets and tropopauses in MERRA
    • Manney, G., M. Hegglin, W. Daffer, M. Schwartz, M. Santee, and S. Pawson (2014), Climatology of Upper Tropospheric/Lower Stratospheric (UTLS) jets and tropopauses in MERRA, J. Clim., 27, 3248–3271, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00243.1.
    • (2014) J. Clim , vol.27 , pp. 3248-3271
    • Manney, G.1    Hegglin, M.2    Daffer, W.3    Schwartz, M.4    Santee, M.5    Pawson, S.6
  • 45
    • 79959833398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jet characterization in the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UTLS): Applications to climatology and transport studies
    • Manney, G. L., et al. (2011), Jet characterization in the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UTLS): Applications to climatology and transport studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6115–6137.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.11 , pp. 6115-6137
    • Manney, G.L.1
  • 46
    • 0035505781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of upstream diabatic heating upon an Alpine event of heavy precipitation
    • Massacand, A. C., H. Wernli, and H. C. Davies (2001), Influence of upstream diabatic heating upon an Alpine event of heavy precipitation, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 2822–2828.
    • (2001) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.129 , pp. 2822-2828
    • Massacand, A.C.1    Wernli, H.2    Davies, H.C.3
  • 47
    • 77955520392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of ozone in the winter lower stratosphere and the relationship to lamina and irreversible transport
    • Olsen, M. A., A. R. Douglass, M. R. Schoeberl, J. M. Rodriquez, and Y. Yoshida (2010), Interannual variability of ozone in the winter lower stratosphere and the relationship to lamina and irreversible transport, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D15305, doi:10.1029/2009JD013004.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res , vol.115
    • Olsen, M.A.1    Douglass, A.R.2    Schoeberl, M.R.3    Rodriquez, J.M.4    Yoshida, Y.5
  • 48
    • 79959644678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of cloud top to the tropopause and jet structure from CALIPSO data
    • Pan, L. L., and L. A. Munchak (2011), Relationship of cloud top to the tropopause and jet structure from CALIPSO data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12201, doi:10.1029/2010JD015462.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Pan, L.L.1    Munchak, L.A.2
  • 51
    • 84856053745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of double tropopause spatial and temporal global variability utilizing HIRDLS temperature observations
    • Peevey, T. R., J. C. Gille, C. E. Randall, and A. Kunz (2012), Investigation of double tropopause spatial and temporal global variability utilizing HIRDLS temperature observations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D01105, doi:10.1029/2011JD016443.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • Peevey, T.R.1    Gille, J.C.2    Randall, C.E.3    Kunz, A.4
  • 52
    • 38949096755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport and mixing of chemical air masses in idealized baroclinic life cycles
    • Polvani, L. M., and J. G. Esler (2007), Transport and mixing of chemical air masses in idealized baroclinic life cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23102, doi:10.1029/2007JD008555.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Polvani, L.M.1    Esler, J.G.2
  • 53
    • 77958609415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polar summer tropopause inversion layer
    • Randel, W. J., and F. Wu (2010), The polar summer tropopause inversion layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2572–2581.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.67 , pp. 2572-2581
    • Randel, W.J.1    Wu, F.2
  • 54
    • 34250346103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational characteristics of double tropopauses
    • Randel, W. J., D. J. Seidel, and L. L. Pan (2007a), Observational characteristics of double tropopauses, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07309, doi:10.1029/2006JD007904.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Randel, W.J.1    Seidel, D.J.2    Pan, L.L.3
  • 55
    • 38349111184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extratropical tropopause inversion layer: Global observations with GPS data, and a radiative forcing mechanism
    • Randel, W. J., F. Wu, and P. Forster (2007b), The extratropical tropopause inversion layer: Global observations with GPS data, and a radiative forcing mechanism, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4489–4496, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2412.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 4489-4496
    • Randel, W.J.1    Wu, F.2    Forster, P.3
  • 56
    • 62749123545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends
    • Randel, W. J., et al. (2009), An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02107, doi:10.1029/2008JD010421.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res , vol.114
    • Randel, W.J.1
  • 57
    • 34547307160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GEOS-5 data assimilation system—Documentation of versions 5.0.1, 5.1.0, and 5.2.0
    • TM-2008-104606, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md
    • Rienecker, M. M., et al. (2008), The GEOS-5 data assimilation system—Documentation of versions 5.0.1, 5.1.0, and 5.2.0, Tech. Rep. NASA, Tech. Memo., TM-2008-104606, vol. 27, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
    • (2008) Tech. Rep. NASA, Tech. Memo , pp. 27
    • Rienecker, M.M.1
  • 58
    • 84925455326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1st ed., ECMWF, Reading, U. K. [Available at
    • Saarinen, S. (2004), ODB User Guide, 1st ed., ECMWF, Reading, U. K. [Available at www.ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/CY31r1/index.html.]
    • (2004) ODB User Guide
    • Saarinen, S.1
  • 59
    • 84874958686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm conveyor belts in idealized moist baroclinic wave simulations
    • Schemm, S., H. Wernli, and L. Papritz (2013), Warm conveyor belts in idealized moist baroclinic wave simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 627–652, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0147.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.70 , pp. 627-652
    • Schemm, S.1    Wernli, H.2    Papritz, L.3
  • 60
    • 67650520161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality and interannual variability of the westerly jet in the Tibetan Plateau region
    • Schiemann, R., D. Luthi, and C. Schar (2009), Seasonality and interannual variability of the westerly jet in the Tibetan Plateau region, J. Clim., 22, 2940–2957.
    • (2009) J. Clim , vol.22 , pp. 2940-2957
    • Schiemann, R.1    Luthi, D.2    Schar, C.3
  • 61
    • 33645635122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A climatology of multiple tropopauses derived from GPS radio occultations with CHAMP and SAC-C
    • Schmidt, T., G. Beyerle, S. Heise, J. Wickert, and M. Rothacher (2006), A climatology of multiple tropopauses derived from GPS radio occultations with CHAMP and SAC-C, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04808, doi:10.1029/2005GL024600.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Schmidt, T.1    Beyerle, G.2    Heise, S.3    Wickert, J.4    Rothacher, M.5
  • 62
    • 0000606297 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence of the mesoscale and turbulent structure of upper level jet stream-frontal zone systems
    • Shapiro, M. A. (1978), Further evidence of the mesoscale and turbulent structure of upper level jet stream-frontal zone systems, Mon. Weather Rev., 106, 1100–1110.
    • (1978) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.106 , pp. 1100-1110
    • Shapiro, M.A.1
  • 63
    • 0000369820 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between stratosphere and troposphere
    • Shapiro, M. A. (1980), Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between stratosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 994–1004.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.37 , pp. 994-1004
    • Shapiro, M.A.1
  • 65
    • 0035081730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of the 1997-98 El Niño Southern Oscillation on extratropical baroclinic life cycles over the eastern North Pacific
    • Shapiro, M. A., H. Wernli, N. A. Bond, and R. Langland (2001), The influence of the 1997-98 El Niño Southern Oscillation on extratropical baroclinic life cycles over the eastern North Pacific, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 331–342, doi:10.1002/qj.49712757205.
    • (2001) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.127 , pp. 331-342
    • Shapiro, M.A.1    Wernli, H.2    Bond, N.A.3    Langland, R.4
  • 66
    • 80055042665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fine-scale structure of the global tropopause derived from COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements
    • Son, S.-W., N. F. Tandon, and M. P. Lorenzo (2011), The fine-scale structure of the global tropopause derived from COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20113, doi:10.1029/2011JD016030.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Son, S.-W.1    Tandon, N.F.2    Lorenzo, M.P.3
  • 67
    • 0242316727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of results from three trajectory models
    • Stohl, A., L. Haimberger, M. Scheele, and H. Wernli (2001), An intercomparison of results from three trajectory models, Meteorol. Appl., 8, 127–135.
    • (2001) Meteorol. Appl , vol.8 , pp. 127-135
    • Stohl, A.1    Haimberger, L.2    Scheele, M.3    Wernli, H.4
  • 69
    • 33745911138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter
    • Strong, C., and R. Davis (2006), Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006497.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res , vol.111
    • Strong, C.1    Davis, R.2
  • 71
    • 84887091832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filamentary structure in chemical tracer distributions near the subtropical jet following a wave breaking event, Atmos
    • Ungermann, J., et al. (2013), Filamentary structure in chemical tracer distributions near the subtropical jet following a wave breaking event, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10,517–10,534.
    • (2013) Chem. Phys , vol.13 , pp. 517-610
    • Ungermann, J.1
  • 72
    • 0037082641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric circulation cells associated with the EL-Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Wang, C. (2002), Atmospheric circulation cells associated with the EL-Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Clim., 15, 399–419.
    • (2002) J. Clim , vol.15 , pp. 399-419
    • Wang, C.1
  • 73
    • 79952457712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double tropopause formation in idealized baroclinic life cycles: The key role of an initial tropopause inversion layer
    • Wang, S., and L. M. Polvani (2011), Double tropopause formation in idealized baroclinic life cycles: The key role of an initial tropopause inversion layer, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05108, doi:10.1029/2010JD015118.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Wang, S.1    Polvani, L.M.2
  • 74
    • 0031450396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones I: The method and some applications
    • Wernli, H., and H. C. Davies (1997), A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones I: The method and some applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 467–489.
    • (1997) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.123 , pp. 467-489
    • Wernli, H.1    Davies, H.C.2
  • 75
    • 33750590707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface cyclones in the ERA-40 dataset (1958-2001). Part I: Novel identification method and global climatology
    • Wernli, H., and C. Schwierz (2006), Surface cyclones in the ERA-40 dataset (1958-2001). Part I: Novel identification method and global climatology, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2486–2507.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 2486-2507
    • Wernli, H.1    Schwierz, C.2
  • 76
    • 0035056888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclonic/Anticyclonic asymmetry concerning the height of the thermal and the dynamical tropopause
    • Wirth, V. (2001), Cyclonic/Anticyclonic asymmetry concerning the height of the thermal and the dynamical tropopause, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 26–37.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.58 , pp. 26-37
    • Wirth, V.1
  • 77
    • 0037867950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static stability in the extratropical tropopause region
    • Wirth, V. (2003), Static stability in the extratropical tropopause region, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1395–1409.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1395-1409
    • Wirth, V.1
  • 78
    • 34548015866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharpness of the extratropical tropopause in baroclinic life cycle experiments
    • Wirth, V., and T. Szabo (2007), Sharpness of the extratropical tropopause in baroclinic life cycle experiments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02809, doi:10.1029/2006GL028369.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Wirth, V.1    Szabo, T.2
  • 80
    • 84857756452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparisons of HIRDLS, COSMIC and SABER for the detection of stratospheric gravity waves
    • Wright, C. J., M. B. Rivas, and J. C. Gille (2011), Intercomparisons of HIRDLS, COSMIC and SABER for the detection of stratospheric gravity waves, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1581–1591, doi:10.5194/amt-4-1581-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Meas. Tech , vol.4 , pp. 1581-1591
    • Wright, C.J.1    Rivas, M.B.2    Gille, J.C.3
  • 81
    • 84884738171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large differences in reanalyses of diabatic heating in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • Wright, J. S., and S. Fueglistaler (2013), Large differences in reanalyses of diabatic heating in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9565–9576, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9565-2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.13 , pp. 9565-9576
    • Wright, J.S.1    Fueglistaler, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.