Effects of a high vs moderate volume of aerobic exercise on adiposity outcomes in postmenopausal women a randomized clinical trial

JAMA Oncology

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 766-776

  Friedenreich, Christine M ^a,b   Neilson, Heather K ^a   O'Reilly, Rachel ^a   Duha, Aalo ^c   Yasui, Yutaka ^d   Morielli, Andria R ^d   Adams, Scott C ^d   Courneya, Kerry S ^d  

^a ALBERTA HEALTH SERVICES   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c CROSS CANCER INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL FAT; AGED; BODY MASS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CANADA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; KINESIOTHERAPY; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROCEDURES; PROTECTION; RADIOGRAPHY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAIST HIP RATIO; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ABDOMINAL FAT; ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADIPOSITY; AGED; ALBERTA; BODY MASS INDEX; BREAST NEOPLASMS; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; TIME FACTORS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAIST-HIP RATIO; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 84965092927     PISSN: 23742437     EISSN: 23742445     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2239     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Canadian physical activity guidelines for adults 18-64 years. 2011. http://www.csep.ca/guidelines. Accessed May 24, 2015.
2. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116 (9):1081-1093.
3. World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 2011. Report No. 9789241599979. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/9789241599979/en/. Accessed May 24, 2015.
4. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(2):459-471.
5. Lau DC, Douketis JD, Morrison KM, Hramiak IM, Sharma AM, Ur E; Obesity Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Panel. 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]. CMAJ. 2007;176(8):S1-S13.
6. Moholdt T, Wisløff U, Lydersen S, Nauman J. Current physical activity guidelines for health are insufficient to mitigate long-term weight gain: more data in the fitness versus fatness debate (the HUNT study, Norway). Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(20): 1489-1496.
7. Stehr MD, von Lengerke T. Preventing weight gain through exercise and physical activity in the elderly: a systematic review. Maturitas. 2012;72(1): 13-22.
8. Richardson CR, Newton TL, Abraham JJ, Sen A, Jimbo M, Swartz AM. A meta-analysis of pedometer-based walking interventions and weight loss. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6(1):69-77.
9. Thorogood A, Mottillo S, Shimony A, et al. Isolated aerobic exercise and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2011;124 (8):747-755.
10. Donnelly JE, Honas JJ, Smith BK, et al. Aerobic exercise alone results in clinically significant weight loss for men and women: Midwest Exercise Trial 2. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(3):E219-E228.
11. Ross R, Janssen I. Physical activity, total and regional obesity: dose-response considerations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(6)(suppl):S521-S527.
12. Ross R, Freeman JA, Janssen I. Exercise alone is an effective strategy for reducing obesity and related comorbidities. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2000;28 (4):165-170.
13. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012;307(5):491-497.
14. Lovejoy JC, Champagne CM, de Jonge L, Xie H, Smith SR. Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(6):949-958.
15. Toth MJ, Tchernof A, Sites CK, Poehlman ET. Menopause-related changes in body fat distribution. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;904:502-506.
16. Franklin RM, Ploutz-Snyder L, Kanaley JA. Longitudinal changes in abdominal fat distribution with menopause. Metabolism. 2009;58(3):311-315.
17. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: AICR; 2007. http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/cancer-resource-center/second-expert-report.php. Accessed May 24, 2015.
18. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). Continuous update project report: food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of breast cancer. Washington, DC: AICR; 2010. http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/cancer-resource-center/second-expert-report.php. Accessed May 24, 2015.
19. Arnold M, Pandeya N, Byrnes G, et al. Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(1):36-46.
20. Krishnan K, Bassett JK, MacInnis RJ, et al. Associations between weight in early adulthood, change in weight, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(8):1409-1416.
21. Suzuki R, Orsini N, Saji S, Key TJ, Wolk A. Body weight and incidence of breast cancer defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status-a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(3):698-712.
22. Hartz A, He T, Rimm A. Comparison of adiposity measures as risk factors in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(1):227-233.
23. McTiernan A. Mechanisms linking physical activity with cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8(3): 205-211.
24. Reichkendler MH, Rosenkilde M, Auerbach PL, et al. Only minor additional metabolic health benefits of high as opposed to moderate dose physical exercise in young, moderately overweight men. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(5):1220-1232.
25. Asikainen TM, Miilunpalo S, Kukkonen-Harjula K, et al. Walking trials in postmenopausal women: effect of low doses of exercise and exercise fractionization on coronary risk factors. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13(5):284-292.
26. Church TS, Earnest CP, Skinner JS, Blair SN. Effects of different doses of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness among sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007;297(19):2081-2091.
27. Dalleck LC, Allen BA, Hanson BA, Borresen EC, Erickson ME, De Lap SL. Dose-response relationship between moderate-intensity exercise duration and coronary heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(1):105-113.
28. Jakicic JM, Marcus BH, Gallagher KI, Napolitano M, Lang W. Effect of exercise duration and intensity on weight loss in overweight, sedentary women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;290(10):1323-1330.
29. Jakicic JM, Otto AD, Lang W, et al. The effect of physical activity on 18-month weight change in overweight adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19 (1):100-109.
30. Keller CS, Robinson B, Pickens L. Comparison of two walking frequencies in African American postmenopausal women. ABNF J. 2004;15(1):3-9.
31. Rosenkilde M, Auerbach P, Reichkendler MH, Ploug T, Stallknecht BM, Sjödin A. Body fat loss and compensatory mechanisms in response to different doses of aerobic exercise-a randomized controlled trial in overweight sedentary males. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;303(6):R571-R579.
32. Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Johnson JL, et al. Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE-a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(1):31-39.
33. Ross R, Hudson R, Stotz PJ, Lam M. Effects of exercise amount and intensity on abdominal obesity and glucose tolerance in obese adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(5): 325-334.
34. Asikainen TM, Miilunpalo S, Oja P, et al. Randomised, controlled walking trials in postmenopausal women: the minimum dose to improve aerobic fitness? Br J Sports Med. 2002;36 (3):189-194.
35. Church TS, Martin CK, Thompson AM, Earnest CP, Mikus CR, Blair SN. Changes in weight, waist circumference and compensatory responses with different doses of exercise among sedentary, overweight postmenopausal women. PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4515.
36. Friedenreich CM, Woolcott CG, McTiernan A, et al. Adiposity changes after a 1-year aerobic exercise intervention among postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(3):427-435.
37. Friedenreich CM, MacLaughlin S, Neilson HK, et al. Study design and methods for the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA). BMC Cancer. 2014;14(1):919.
38. R: a language and environment for statistical computing [computer program]. Version 2.11. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2010.
39. Borg G. Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1998.
40. Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Neilson HK, et al. Reliability and validity of the Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163(10):959-970.
41. Csizmadi I, Kahle L, Ullman R, et al. Adaptation and evaluation of the National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire and nutrient database for Canadian populations. Public Health Nutr. 2007; 10(1):88-96.
42. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, et al. 2011 Compendium of physical activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1575-1581.
43. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al. Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(1):71-80.
44. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(9)(suppl):S498-S504.
45. Diet∗Calc Analysis Program [computer program]. Version 1.4.3. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute Applied Research Program; 2005.
46. Pollock ML, Foster C, Schmidt D, Hellman C, Linnerud AC, Ward A. Comparative analysis of physiologic responses to three different maximal graded exercise test protocols in healthy women. Am Heart J. 1982;103(3):363-373.
47. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Approach (CPAFLA): CSEP-Health and Fitness Program's Health-Related Appraisal and Counselling Strategy. 3rd ed. Supplement. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology; 2010.
48. National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. Obes Res. 1998;6(suppl 2):51S-209S.
49. Rosner B. Hypothesis Testing: Two-Sample Inference. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 7th ed. Boston, MA: Brooks/Cole; 2011.
50. Foster-Schubert KE, Alfano CM, Duggan CR, et al. Effect of diet and exercise, alone or combined, on weight and body composition in overweight-to-obese postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(8):1628-1638.
51. Velthuis MJ, Schuit AJ, Peeters PHM, Monninkhof EM. Exercise program affects body composition but not weight in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2009;16(4):777-784.
52. Irwin ML, Yasui Y, Ulrich CM, et al. Effect of exercise on total and intra-abdominal body fat in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;289(3):323-330.
53. Green JS, Stanforth PR, Rankinen T, et al. The effects of exercise training on abdominal visceral fat, body composition, and indicators of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women with and without estrogen replacement therapy: the HERITAGE family study. Metabolism. 2004;53 (9):1192-1196.
54. Exley MA, Hand L, O'Shea D, Lynch L. Interplay between the immune system and adipose tissue in obesity. J Endocrinol. 2014;223(2):R41-R48.
55. Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):461S-465S.
56. Cleary MP, Grossmann ME. Minireview: obesity and breast cancer: the estrogen connection. Endocrinology. 2009;150(6):2537-2542.
57. Neilson HK, Conroy SM, Friedenreich CM. The influence of energetic factors on biomarkers of postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Curr Nutr Rep. 2014;3:22-34.
58. Patterson RE, Rock CL, Kerr J, et al. Metabolism and breast cancer risk: frontiers in research and practice. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(2):288-296.
59. Rose DP, Vona-Davis L. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms for the association between obesity, chronic inflammation, and breast cancer. Biofactors. 2014;40(1):1-12.
60. Tworoger SS, Zhang X, Eliassen AH, et al. Inclusion of endogenous hormone levels in risk prediction models of postmenopausal breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(28):3111-3117.
61. Zhang X, Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE. Postmenopausal plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk over 20 years of follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;137(3):883-892.
62. Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Woolcott CG, et al. Mediators and moderators of the effects of a year-long exercise intervention on endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22(10):1365-1373.
63. Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Woolcott CG, et al. Changes in insulin resistance indicators, IGFs, and adipokines in a year-long trial of aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2011;18(3):357-369.
64. Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Woolcott CG, et al. Inflammatory marker changes in a yearlong randomized exercise intervention trial among postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012;5(1):98-108.
65. Kay SJ, Fiatarone Singh MA. The influence of physical activity on abdominal fat: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2006;7(2): 183-200.
66. Vona-Davis L, Howard-McNatt M, Rose DP. Adiposity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in breast cancer. Obes Rev. 2007;8(5): 395-408.
67. Després JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006;444(7121): 881-887.
68. Tchernof A, Després JP. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):359-404.
69. Ahern TP, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Pollak MN, Eliassen AH, Tamimi RM. Plasma C-peptide, mammographic breast density, and risk of invasive breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(10):1786-1796.
70. Autier P, Koechlin A, Boniol M, et al. Serum insulin and C-peptide concentration and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(5):873-883.
71. Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2013;20(12):1301-1309.
72. Giannopoulou I, Fernhall B, Carhart R, et al. Effects of diet and/or exercise on the adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2005;54(7):866-875.
73. Dutheil F, Lac G, Lesourd B, et al. Different modalities of exercise to reduce visceral fat mass and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome: the RESOLVE randomized trial. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168 (4):3634-3642.
74. Irving BA, Davis CK, Brock DW, et al. Effect of exercise training intensity on abdominal visceral fat and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(11):1863-1872.
75. Ohkawara K, Tanaka S, Miyachi M, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tabata I. A dose-response relation between aerobic exercise and visceral fat reduction: systematic review of clinical trials. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31(12):1786-1797.
76. Grundy SM, Neeland IJ, Turer AT, Vega GL. Waist circumference as measure of abdominal fat compartments. J Obes. 2013;2013:454285.
77. Bergström I, Lombardo C, Brinck J. Physical training decreases waist circumference in postmenopausal borderline overweight women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(3):308-313.
78. Lee JJ, Beretvas SN, Freeland-Graves JH. Abdominal adiposity distribution in diabetic/prediabetic and nondiabetic populations: a meta-analysis. J Obes. 2014;2014:697264.
79. Wildman RP, Janssen I, Khan UI, et al. Subcutaneous adipose tissue in relation to subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic risk factors in midlife women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93 (4):719-726.
80. Goedecke JH, Levitt NS, Lambert EV, et al. Differential effects of abdominal adipose tissue distribution on insulin sensitivity in black and white South African women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(8):1506-1512.
81. Vega GL, Adams-Huet B, Peshock R, Willett D, Shah B, Grundy SM. Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(11):4459-4466.
82. Kelley DE, Thaete FL, Troost F, Huwe T, Goodpaster BH. Subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;278(5):E941-E948.
83. Campbell KL, Foster-Schubert KE, Makar KW, et al. Gene expression changes in adipose tissue with diet-and/or exercise-induced weight loss. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013;6(3):217-231.
84. King NA, Hopkins M, Caudwell P, Stubbs RJ, Blundell JE. Individual variability following 12 weeks of supervised exercise: identification and characterization of compensation for exercise-induced weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(1):177-184.
85. Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Lavie CJ, Earnest CP, Church TS. The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):441-447.
86. Church TS, Earnest CP, Thompson AM, et al. Exercise without weight loss does not reduce C-reactive protein: the INFLAME study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(4):708-716.
87. Myers CA, Johnson WD, Earnest CP, et al. Examination of mechanisms (E-MECHANIC) of exercise-induced weight compensation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15(1):212.
88. Sims ST, Kubo J, Desai M, et al. Changes in physical activity and body composition in postmenopausal women over time. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(8):1486-1492.
89. Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, et al; American Cancer Society 2010 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62(1):30-67.
90. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2008. http://www.health.gov/PAguidelines/Report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf. Accessed May 24, 2015.
91. Campbell KL, Foster-Schubert KE, Alfano CM, et al. Reduced-calorie dietary weight loss, exercise, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30 (19):2314-2326.
92. Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Donnelly JE, et al. Favorable modulation of benign breast tissue and serum risk biomarkers is associated with > 10 % weight loss in postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(1):119-132.