The material dimensions of signification: Rethinking the nature and emergence of semiosis in the debate on human origins

Quaternary International

Volumn 405, Issue , 2016, Pages 111-124

  Iliopoulos, Antonis ^a  

^a KEBLE COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cognitive archaeology; Enactivism; Modern human origins; Pragmatism; Semiotic archaeology; Symbolism

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; COGNITION; HUMAN EVOLUTION; MATERIAL CULTURE; PHILOSOPHY; SYMBOLISM;

EID: 84964997367     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.033     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. Abadía, O., Nowell, A., Palaeolithic personal ornaments: historical development and epistemological challenges. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2014, 1–28.
2. Ambrose, S.H., Chronology of the Later Stone Age and food production in East Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1998), 377–392.
3. Aydin, C., The artifactual mind: overcoming the ‘inside–outside’ dualism in the extended mind thesis and recognizing the technological dimension of cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 14 (2015), 73–94.
4. Bar-Yosef, O., The Upper Paleolithic revolution. Annual Review of Anthropology 31 (2002), 363–393.
5. Barham, L.S., Possible early pigment use in south-central Africa. Current Anthropology 39 (1998), 703–710.
6. Barham, L.S., Backed tools in Middle Pleistocene central Africa and their evolutionary significance. Journal of Human Evolution 43 (2002), 585–603.
7. Barrett, J.C., The archaeology of mind: it's not what you think. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23 (2013), 1–17.
8. Barton, N., d'Errico, F., North African origins of symbolically mediated behaviour and the Aterian. Elias, S., (eds.) Origins of Human Innovation and Creativity, 2012, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 23–34.
9. Bauer, A.A., Is what you see all you get? Recognizing meaning in archaeology. Journal of Social Archaeology 2 (2002), 37–52.
10. Bauer, A.A., Objects and their glassy essence: semiotics of self in the Early Bronze Age Black Sea. Signs and Society 1 (2013), 1–31.
11. Bednarik, R.G., Palaeoart and archaeological myths. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2 (1992), 27–43.
12. Bednarik, R.G., Concept-mediated marking in the Lower Paleolithic. Current Anthropology 36 (1995), 605–634.
13. Bednarik, R.G., The origins of symboling. Signs 2 (2008), 82–113.
14. Belfer-Cohen, A., Hovers, E., In the eye of the beholder: Mousterian and Natufian burials in the Levant. Current Anthropology 33 (1992), 463–471.
15. Botha, R., Prehistoric shell beads as a window on language evolution. Language & Communication 28 (2008), 197–212.
16. Botha, R., Theoretical underpinnings of inferences about language evolution: the syntax used at Blombos Cave. Botha, R., Knight, C., (eds.) The Cradle of Human Language, 2009, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 93–111.
17. Botha, R., On the soundness of inferring modern language from symbolic behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20 (2010), 345–356.
18. Bouzouggar, A., Barton, N., Vanhaeren, M., d'Errico, F., Collcutt, S., Higham, T., Hodge, E., Parfitt, S., Rhodes, E., Schwenninger, J.-L., Stringer, C., Turner, E., Ward, S., Moutmir, A., Stambouli, A., 82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (2007), 9964–9969.
19. Bueno, O., Perception and conception: shaping human minds. Biosemiotics 6 (2013), 323–336.
20. Byers, M.A., Structure, meaning, action and things: the duality of material cultural mediation. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 21 (1991), 1–29.
21. Byers, M.A., The action-constitutive theory of monuments: a strong pragmatist version. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 22 (1992), 403–446.
22. Byers, M.A., Symboling and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition: a theoretical and methodological critique. Current Anthropology 35 (1994), 369–399.
23. Byers, M.A., Communication and material culture: Pleistocene tools as action cues. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9 (1999), 23–41.
24. Byers, M.A., Intentionality, symbolic pragmatics, and material culture: revisiting Binford's view of the Old Copper Complex. American Antiquity 64 (1999), 265–287.
25. Capone, P.V., Preucel, R.W., Ceramic semiotics: women, pottery, and social meanings at Kotyiti Pueblo. Preucel, R.W., (eds.) Archaeologies of the Pueblo Revolt: Identity, Meaning, and Renewal in the Pueblo World, 2002, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 99–113.
26. Chase, P.G., Symbols and Paleolithic artifacts: style, standardization, and the imposition of arbitrary form. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 10 (1991), 193–214.
27. Chase, P.G., On symbols and the Paleolithic. Current Anthropology 35 (1994), 627–629.
28. Chase, P.G., The Emergence of Culture: the Evolution of a Uniquely Human Way of Life. 2006, Springer, New York.
29. Chase, P.G., Dibble, H.L., Middle Paleolithic symbolism: a review of current evidence and interpretations. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 6 (1987), 263–296.
30. Chase, P.G., Dibble, H.L., Scientific archaeology and the origins of symbolism: a reply to Bednarik. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2 (1992), 43–51.
31. Chemero, A., Radical Embodied Cognitive Science. 2009, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA).
32. Cipolla, C.N., Signs of identity, signs of memory. Archaeological Dialogues 15 (2008), 196–215.
33. Clancey, W.J., Situated cognition: on human knowledge and Computer representations. 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
34. Clark, A., Chalmers, D., The extended mind. Analysis 58 (1998), 7–19.
35. Conard, N.J., Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art. Nature 426 (2003), 830–832.
36. Conard, N.J., A critical view of the evidence for a southern African origin of behavioural modernity. Goodwin Series 10 (2008), 175–179.
37. Conard, N.J., A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany. Nature 459 (2009), 248–252.
38. Conkey, M.W., Style and information in cultural evolution: toward a predictive model for the Palaeolithic. Redman, C.L., Berman, M.J., Curtin, E.V., Langhorne, W.T.J., Versaggi, N.M., Wanser, J.C., (eds.) Social Archaeology: beyond Subsistence and Dating, 1978, Academic Press, New York, 61–85.
39. Crossland, Z., Materiality and embodiment. Hicks, D., Beaudry, M.C., (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Material Culture Studies, 2010, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 386–405.
40. Crossland, Z., Signs of mission: material semeiosis and nineteenth-century Tswana architecture. Signs and Society 1 (2013), 79–113.
41. d'Errico, F., Palaeolithic origins of artificial memory systems: an evolutionary perspective. Renfrew, C., Scarre, C., (eds.) Cognition and Material Culture: the Archaeology of Symbolic Storage, 1998, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 19–50.
42. d'Errico, F., The invisible frontier. A multiple species model for the origin of behavioral modernity. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 12 (2003), 188–202.
43. d'Errico, F., The origin of humanity and modern cultures: archaeology's view. Diogenes 54 (2007), 122–133.
44. d'Errico, F., Banks, W.E., Identifying mechanisms behind Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age cultural trajectories. Current Anthropology 54 (2013), S371–S387.
45. d'Errico, F., Henshilwood, C., Lawson, G., Vanhaeren, M., Tillier, A.-M., Soressi, M., Bresson, F., Maureille, B., Nowell, A., Lakarra, J., Backwell, L., Julien, M., Archaeological evidence for the emergence of language, symbolism, and music—an alternative multidisciplinary perspective. Journal of World Prehistory 17 (2003), 1–70.
46. d'Errico, F., Henshilwood, C., Vanhaeren, M., van Niekerk, K., Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age. Journal of Human Evolution 48 (2005), 3–24.
47. d'Errico, F., Henshilwood, C.S., The origin of symbolically mediated behaviour: from antagonistic scenarios to a unified research strategy. Henshilwood, C.S., d'Errico, F., (eds.) Homo Symbolicus: the Dawn of Language Imagination and Spirituality, 2011, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 49–73.
48. d'Errico, F., Nowell, A., A new look at the Berekhat Ram figurine: implications for the origins of symbolism. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10 (2000), 123–167.
49. d'Errico, F., Stringer, C.B., Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures?. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366 (2011), 1060–1069.
50. d'Errico, F., Vanhaeren, M., Barton, N., Bouzouggar, A., Mienis, H., Richter, D., Hublin, J.-J., McPherron, S.P., Lozouet, P., Additional evidence on the use of personal ornaments in the Middle Paleolithic of North Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (2009), 16051–16056.
51. Davidson, I., Origins of pictures: an argument for transformation of signs. Sachs-Hombach, K., Schirra, J.R.J., (eds.) Origins of Pictures: Anthropological Discourses in Image Science, 2013, Herbert von Halem Verlag, Köln, 16–46.
52. Davidson, I., Noble, W., The archaeology of perception: traces of depiction and language. Current Anthropology 30 (1989), 125–155.
53. De Jaegher, H., Di Paolo, E., Participatory sense-making: an enactive approach to social cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 6 (2007), 485–507.
54. Deacon, T.W., The Symbolic Species: the Co-evolution of Language and the Brain. 1997, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
55. Donald, M., Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition. 1991, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA).
56. Duff, A.I., Clark, G.A., Chadderdon, T.J., Symbolism in the Early Palaeolithic: a conceptual odyssey. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2 (1992), 211–229.
57. Dunbar, R.I.M., Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution 22 (1992), 469–493.
58. Dunbar, R.I.M., The social brain: mind, language, and society in evolutionary perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology 32 (2003), 163–181.
59. Fauconnier, G., Mappings in Thought and Language. 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
60. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M., The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities. 2002, Basic Books, New York.
61. Flannery, K.V., Marcus, J., The Cloud People. 1983, Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations Academic Press, New York.
62. Fodor, J., The Language of Thought. 1975, Thomas Y. Crowell, New York.
63. Gamble, C., Interaction and alliance in Palaeolithic society. Man 17 (1982), 92–107.
64. Gamble, C., Gowlett, J., Dunbar, R., The social brain and the shape of the Palaeolithic. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21 (2011), 115–135.
65. Gamble, C., Gowlett, J., Dunbar, R., Thinking Big: How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind. 2014, Thames & Hudson, London.
66. Gargett, R.H., Middle Palaeolithic burial is not a dead issue: the view from Qafzeh, Saint-Césaire, Kebara, Amud, and Dederiyeh. Journal of Human Evolution 37 (1999), 27–90.
67. Garofoli, D., Do early body ornaments prove cognitive modernity? A critical analysis from situated cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2014, 10.1007/s11097-014-9356-0.
68. Graves-Brown, P.M., Fearful symmetry. World Archaeology 27 (1995), 88–99.
69. Habgood, P.J., Franklin, N.R., The revolution that didn't arrive: a review of Pleistocene Sahul. Journal of Human Evolution 55 (2008), 187–222.
70. Hausman, C.R., Peirce's dynamical object: realism as process philosophy. Douglas, A.R., Hausman, C.R., (eds.) Conversations on Peirce: Reals and Ideals, 2012, Fordham University Press, New York, 75–99.
71. Henshilwood, C.S., d'Errico, F., Middle Stone Age engravings and their significance to the debate on the emergence of symbolic material culture. Henshilwood, C.S., d'Errico, F., (eds.) Homo Symbolicus: the Dawn of Language Imagination and Spirituality, 2011, John Benjamins B. V, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 75–96.
72. Henshilwood, C.S., d'Errico, F., Marean, C.W., Milo, R.G., Yates, R., An early bone tool industry from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origins of modern human behaviour, symbolism and language. Journal of Human Evolution 41 (2001), 631–678.
73. Henshilwood, C.S., d'Errico, F., Watts, I., Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 57 (2009), 27–47.
74. Henshilwood, C.S., Dubreuil, B., Reading the artefacts: gleaning language skills from the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa. Botha, R., Knight, C., (eds.) The Cradle of Language, 2009, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 41–61.
75. Henshilwood, C.S., Dubreuil, B., The Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, 77–59 ka: symbolic material culture and the evolution of the mind during the African Middle Stone Age. Current Anthropology 52 (2011), 361–400.
76. Henshilwood, C.S., Marean, C.W., The origin of modern human behavior: critique of the models and their test implications. Current Anthropology 44 (2003), 627–651.
77. Henshilwood, C.S., Sealy, J., Bone artefacts from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa. Current Anthropology 38 (1997), 890–895.
78. Hodgson, D., Decoding the Blombos engravings, shell beads and Diepkloof ostrich eggshell patterns. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24 (2014), 57–69.
79. Hoffecker, J.F., Landscape of the Mind: Human Evolution and the Archaeology of Thought. 2011, Columbia University Press, New York.
80. Hoffmeyer, J., Semiotic scaffolding in living systems. Barbieri, M., (eds.) Introduction to Biosemiotics: the New Biological Synthesis, 2007, Springer, Dordrecht, 149–166.
81. Hoffmeyer, J., The semiome: from genetic to semiotic scaffolding. Semiotica 198 (2014), 11–31.
82. Hoffmeyer, J., Semiotic scaffolding: a biosemiotic link between sema and soma. Cabell, K.R., Valsiner, J., (eds.) The Catalyzing Mind, 2014, Springer, New York, 95–110.
83. Hopkinson, T., ‘Man the symboller’. A contemporary origins myth. Archaeological Dialogues 20 (2013), 215–241.
84. Hovers, E., Belfer-Cohen, A., “Now you see it, now you don't” – modern human behavior in the Middle Paleolithic. Hovers, E., Kuhn, S.L., (eds.) Transitions before the Transition: Evolution and Stability in the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age, 2006, Springer, New York, 295–304.
85. Hovers, E., Ilani, S., Bar-Yosef, O., Vandermeersch, B., An early case of color symbolism: ochre use by modern humans in Qafzeh Cave. Current Anthropology 44 (2003), 491–522.
86. Hutchins, E., Cognition in the Wild. 1995, MIT Press, Cambridge.
87. Hutchins, E., Material anchors for conceptual blends. Journal of Pragmatics 37 (2005), 1555–1577.
88. Hutto, D.D., Elementary mind minding, enactivist-style. Seemann, A., (eds.) Joint Attention: New Developments in Psychology, Philosophy of Mind, and Social Neuroscience, 2011, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA), 307–341.
89. Iliopoulos, A., The Prehistory of Material Signification: Tracing the Nature and Emergence of Early Body Ornamentation through a Pragmatic and Enactive Theory of Cognitive Semiotics. 2015, D. Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
90. Ingold, T., The textility of making. Cambridge Journal of Economics 34 (2010), 91–102.
91. Joyce, R.A., Figurines, meaning, and meaning-making in early Mesoamerica. Renfrew, C., Morley, I., (eds.) Material Beginnings: a Global Prehistory of Figurative Representation, 2007, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 101–110.
92. Klein, R.G., Archeology and the evolution of human behavior. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 9 (2000), 17–36.
93. Klein, R.G., The Human Career. third ed., 2009, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
94. Knappett, C., Photographs, skeuomorphs and marionettes: some thoughts on mind, agency and object. Journal of Material Culture 7 (2002), 97–117.
95. Knappett, C., Thinking through Material Culture: an Interdisciplinary Perspective. 2005, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
96. Knappett, C., Communities of things and objects: a spatial perspective. Malafouris, L., Renfrew, C., (eds.) The Cognitive Life of Things: Recasting the Boundaries of the Mind, 2010, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 81–89.
97. Knappett, C., Meaning in miniature: semiotic networks in material culture. Jessen, M., Johansen, N., Jensen, H., (eds.) Excavating the Mind, 2012, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, 87–109.
98. Knight, C., Power, C., Watts, I., The human symbolic revolution: a Darwinian account. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5 (1995), 75–114.
99. Kozlowski, J.K., Sacchi, D., Looking for the origin of modernity. Diogenes 54 (2007), 134–145.
100. Kuhn, S., Emergent patterns of creativity and innovation in early technologies. Elias, S., (eds.) Origins of Human Innovation and Creativity, 2012, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 69–87.
101. Kuhn, S.L., Stiner, M.C., Paleolithic ornaments: implications for cognition, demography and identity. Diogenes 54 (2007), 40–48.
102. Lakoff, G., Johnson, M., Philosophy in the Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. 1999, Basic Books, New York.
103. Langbroek, M., Trees and ladders: a critique of the theory of human cognitive and behavioural evolution in Palaeolithic archaeology. Quaternary International 270 (2012), 4–14.
104. Lele, V.P., Material habits, identity, semeiotic. Journal of Social Archaeology 6 (2006), 48–70.
105. Liebmann, M., The innovative materiality of revitalization movements: lessons from the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. American Anthropologist 110 (2008), 360–372.
106. Lindly, J.M., Clark, G.A., Symbolism and modern human origins. Current Anthropology 31 (1990), 233–261.
107. Lombard, M., Thinking through the Middle Stone Age of sub-Saharan Africa. Quaternary International 270 (2012), 140–155.
108. Mahaney, R.A., Artifactual symbols: the catalytic role of material culture in the emergence of symbolic thought. Time and Mind: the Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture 7 (2014), 279–295.
109. Malafouris, L., Before and beyond representation: towards an enactive conception of the Palaeolithic image. Renfrew, C., Morley, I., (eds.) Image and Imagination: a Global History of Figurative Representation, 2007, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 289–302.
110. Malafouris, L., Is it ‘me’ or is it ‘mine’? The Mycenaean sword as a body-part. Boric, D., Robb, J.E., (eds.) Past Bodies: Body-centered Research in Archaeology, 2008, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 115–123.
111. Malafouris, L., How Things Shape the Mind: a Theory of Material Engagement. 2013, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA).
112. Marean, C.W., Bar-Matthews, M., Bernatchez, J., Fisher, E., Goldberg, P., Herries, A.I.R., Jacobs, Z., Jerardino, A., Karkanas, P., Minichillo, T., Nilssen, P.J., Thompson, E., Watts, I., Williams, H.M., Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene. Nature 449 (2007), 905–908.
113. Marshack, A., Implications of the Paleolithic symbolic evidence for the origin of language. American Scientist 64 (1976), 136–145.
114. Marshack, A., On Paleolithic ochre and the early uses of colour and symbol. Current Anthropology 22 (1981), 188–191.
115. Marshack, A., Evolution of the human capacity: the symbolic evidence. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 32 (1989), 1–34.
116. Marshack, A., The Berekhat Ram figurine: a late Acheulean carving from the Middle East. Antiquity 71 (1997), 327–337.
117. McBrearty, S., Down with the revolution. Mellars, P., Boyle, K., Bar-Yosef, O., Stringer, C., (eds.) Rethinking the Human Revolution, 2007, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 133–151.
118. McBrearty, S., Brooks, A.S., The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. Journal of Human Evolution 39 (2000), 453–563.
119. Mellars, P., Major issues in the emergence of modern humans. Current Anthropology 30 (1989), 349–385.
120. Mellars, P., Cognitive changes and the emergence of modern humans in Europe. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1 (1991), 63–76.
121. Mellars, P., Why did modern human populations disperse from Africa ca. 60,000 years ago? A new model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (2006), 9381–9386.
122. Mellars, P., Boyle, K., Bar-Yosef, O., Stringer, C., Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans. 2007, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge.
123. Mellars, P., Stringer, C., The Human Revolution: Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans. 1989, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
124. Mithen, S., Looking and learning: upper Palaeolithic art and information gathering. World Archaeology 19 (1988), 297–327.
125. Mithen, S., To hunt or to paint: animals and art in the Upper Palaeolithic. Man 23 (1988), 671–695.
126. Mithen, S., Thoughtful Foragers: a Study of Prehistoric Decision Making. 1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
127. Mithen, S., The Prehistory of the Mind: the Cognitive Origins of Art and Science. 1996, Thames & Hudson, London.
128. Mithen, S., Introduction. Mithen, S., (eds.) Creativity in Human Evolution and Prehistory, 1998, Routledge, London.
129. Mithen, S., The supernatural beings of prehistory and the external storage of religious ideas. Renfrew, C., Scarre, C., (eds.) Cognition and Material Culture: the Archaeology of Symbolic Storage, 1998, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 97–106.
130. Noble, W., Davidson, I., The evolutionary emergence of modern human behaviour: language and its archaeology. Man 26 (1991), 223–253.
131. Noble, W., Davidson, I., Tracing the emergence of modern human behavior: methodological pitfalls and a theoretical path. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 12 (1993), 121–149.
132. Noble, W., Davidson, I., Human Evolution, Language and Mind: a Psychological and Archaeological Inquiry. 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
133. Nowell, A., Defining behavioral modernity in the context of Neandertal and anatomically modern human populations. Annual Review of Anthropology 39 (2010), 437–452.
134. O'Regan, J.K., Noë, A., A sensorimotor approach to vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2001), 883–975.
135. Peirce, C.S., The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. In: Hartshorne, C., & Weiss, P., (eds. vols. 1–6); Burks, A.W., (ed. vols. 7–8), 1931–1935, InteLex Corporation, Charlottesville.
136. Perlès, C., In search of lithic strategies: a cognitive approach to prehistoric chipped stone assemblages. Gardin, J.-C., Peebles, C.S., (eds.) Representations in Archaeology, 1992, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 223–247.
137. Pettitt, P., The living as symbols, the dead as symbols: problematising the scale and pace of hominin symbolic evolution. Henshilwood, C., d'Errico, F., (eds.) Homo Symbolicus: the Dawn of Language Imagination and Spirituality, 2011, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 141–161.
138. Powell, A., Shennan, S., Thomas, M.G., Late Pleistocene demography and the appearance of modern human behavior. Science 324 (2009), 1298–1301.
139. Preucel, R.W., Archaeological Semiotics. 2006, Blackwell Press, Oxford.
140. Preucel, R.W., Bauer, A.A., Archaeological pragmatics. Norwegian Archaeological Review 34 (2001), 85–96.
141. Renfrew, C., The Archaeology of Cult: the Sanctuary at Phylakopi. 1985, Thames and Hudson, London.
142. Renfrew, C., Mind and matter: cognitive archaeology and external symbolic storage. Renfrew, C., Scarre, C., (eds.) Cognition and Material Culture: the Archaeology of Symbolic Storage, 1998, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 1–6.
143. Renfrew, C., Commodification and institution in group-oriented and individualizing societies. Proceedings of the British Academy 110 (2001), 93–117.
144. Renfrew, C., Symbol before concept: material engagement and the early development of society. Hodder, I., (eds.) Archaeological Theory Today, 2001, Polity Press, Cambridge, 122–140.
145. Renfrew, C., Zubrow, E., The Ancient Mind. 1993, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
146. Robb, J.E., The archaeology of symbols. Annual Review of Anthropology 27 (1998), 327–346.
147. Rossano, Matt J., Making friends, making tools, and making symbols. Current Anthropology 51 (2010), S89–S98.
148. Russell, P., The Palaeolithic mother-goddess: fact or fiction?. Hays-Gilpin, K., Whitley, D.S., (eds.) Reader in Gender Archaeology, 1998, Routledge, London, 261–268.
149. Sackett, J.R., Isochrestism and style: a clarification. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 5 (1986), 266–277.
150. Saussure, F.d., Course in General Linguistics. 2011 [1916], Columbia University Press, New York.
151. Schepartz, L.A., Language and modern human origins. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 36 (1993), 91–126.
152. Shea, J.J., Homo sapiens is as Homo sapiens was: behavioral variability versus “behavioral modernity” in Paleolithic archaeology. Current Anthropology 52 (2011), 1–35.
153. Shennan, S., Demography and cultural innovation: a model and its implications for the emergence of modern human culture. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11 (2001), 5–16.
154. Soffer, O., Adovasio, J.M., Hyland, D.C., The “Venus” figurines: textiles, basketry, gender, and status in the Upper Paleolithic. Current Anthropology 41 (2000), 511–537.
155. Sonesson, G., Pictorial Concepts: Inquiries into the Semiotic Heritage and its Relevance for the Analysis of the Visual World. 1989, Lund University Press, Lund.
156. Sonesson, G., Semiotics of Photography — on Tracing the Index. 1989, Lund University Press, Lund.
157. Sonesson, G., Prolegomena to a semiotic analysis of prehistoric visual displays. Semiotica 100 (1994), 267–332.
158. Sonesson, G., The meaning of meaning in biology and cognitive science: a semiotic reconstruction. Sign System Studies 34 (2006), 135–213.
159. Sonesson, G., From the meaning of embodiment to the embodiment of meanings: a study in phenomenological semiotics. Ziemke, T., Zlatev, J., Frank, R., (eds.) Body, Language, and Mind Embodiment, vol. 1, 2007, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 85–128.
160. Sonesson, G., From mimicry to mime by way of mimesis: reflections on a general theory of iconicity. Sign System Studies 38 (2010), 18–66.
161. Sonesson, G., Semiosis beyond signs. On two or three missing links on the way to human beings. Schilhab, T., Stjernfelt, F., Deacon, T., (eds.) The Symbolic Species Evolved, 2012, Springer, Dordrecht, 81–93.
162. Sonesson, G., The picture between mirror and mind: from phenomenology to empirical studies in pictorial semiotics. Sachs-Hombach, K., Schirra, J.R.J., (eds.) Origins of Pictures: Anthropological Discources in Image Science, 2013, Herbert von Halem Verlag, Köln, 270–310.
163. Sonesson, G., Preparations for discussing construcivism with a Martian (the second coming). Dunér, D., (eds.) The History and Philosophy of Astrobiology: Perspective on the Human Mind and Extraterrestrial Life, 2013, Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle Upon Tyne, 185–200.
164. Stiner, M.C., Finding a common band-width: causes of convergence and diversity in Paleolithic beads. Biological Theory 9 (2014), 51–64.
165. Suchman, L.A., Plans and Situated Action: the Problem of Human–Machine Communication. 1987, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
166. Tattersall, I., Language and the origin of symbolic thought. de Beaune, S.A., Coolidge, F.L., Wynn, T., (eds.) Cognitive Archaeology and Human Evolution, 2009, Cambridge University Press, New York, 109–116.
167. Thompson, E., Stapleton, M., Making sense of sense-making: reflections on enactive and extended mind theories. Topoi 28 (2009), 23–30.
168. Van Gelder, T., Port, R.F., It's about time: an overview of the dynamical approach to cognition. Port, R.F., Van Gelder, T., (eds.) Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition, 1995, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA), 1–43.
169. Vanhaeren, M., d'Errico, F., van Niekerk, K.L., Henshilwood, C.S., Erasmus, R.M., Thinking strings: additional evidence for personal ornament use in the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 64 (2013), 500–517.
170. Vygotsky, L.S., Mind in Society. 1978, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA).
171. Wadley, L., What is cultural modernity? A general view and a South African perspective from Rose Cottage Cave. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11 (2001), 201–221.
172. Wallis, N.J., The materiality of signs: enchainment and animacy in Woodland Southeastern North American pottery. American Antiquity 78 (2013), 207–226.
173. Watts, C., On mediation and material agency in the Peircean semeiotic. Knappett, C., Malafouris, L., (eds.) Material Agency: toward a Non-anthropocentric Approach, 2008, Springer, New York, 187–207.
174. Watts, I., Ochre in the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: ritualised display or hide preservative?. The South African Archaeological Bulletin 57 (2002), 1–14.
175. Watts, I., Red ochre, body painting, and language: interpreting the Blombos ochre. Botha, R., Knight, C., (eds.) The Cradle of Language, 2009, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 62–92.
176. Wertsch, J.V., Voices of the Mind: a Sociocultural Approach to Mediated Action. 1991, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA).
177. White, L.A., The Science of Culture: a Study of Man and Civilization. 1949, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
178. White, L.A., The concept of culture. American Anthropologist 61 (1959), 227–251.
179. White, R., Production complexity and standardisation in early Aurignacian bead and pendant manufacture: evolutionary implications. Stringer, C., Mellars, P., (eds.) The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans, 1989, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 366–390.
180. White, R., Toward a contextual understanding of the earliest body ornaments. Trinkaus, E., (eds.) The Emergence of Modern Humans: Biocultural Adaptations in the Later Pleistocene, 1989, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 211–231.
181. Wilson, R., Clark, A., How to situate cognition: letting nature take its course. Robbins, P., Aydede, M., (eds.) The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition, 2009, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 55–77.
182. Wobst, H.M., Stylistic behavior and information exchange. Cleland, C.E., (eds.) For the Director: Research Essays in Honor of James B. Griffen, 1977, University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbour, 317–342.
183. Zilhão, J., Neandertals and moderns mixed, and it matters. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 15 (2006), 183–195.
184. Zilhão, J., The emergence of ornaments and art: an archaeological perspective on the origins of “behavioral modernity”. Journal of Archaeological Research 15 (2007), 1–54.