North African Origins of Symbolically Mediated Behaviour and the Aterian

Developments in Quaternary Science

Volumn 16, Issue , 2012, Pages 23-34

  Barton, Nick ^a   d'Errico, Francesco ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX 1   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Aterian; Foliates; Middle Palaeolithic; Middle Stone Age; Nassarius shells; Personal ornaments; Tanged points

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864019006     PISSN: 15710866     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53821-5.00003-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (81)

1. Alimen H. The Prehistory of Africa 1957, Translated by A.H. Brodrick, Hutchinson, London.
2. Antoine M. Notes de préhistoire marocaine: XIV - Un cône de résurgence du Paléolithique moyen à Tit Mellil, près de Casablanca. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique du Maroc 1938, 12:3-95.
3. Backwell L.R., d'Errico F., Wadley L. Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2008, 35(6):1566-1580.
4. Balout L. Données nouvelles sur le problème du moustérien en Afrique du Nord. Actas del V Congresso Panafricano de Prehistoria y de Estudio del Cuaternario 1965, Publicaciones del Museo Arqueologico Sant Cruz de Tenerife, pp. 137-145.
5. Balter M. Was North Africa the launch pad for Modern Human Migrations?. Science 2011, 331:20-23.
6. Banks W.E., D'Errico F., Townsend Peterson A., Kageyama M., Sima A., Sánchez Goñi M.-F. Neanderthal extinction by competitive exclusion. Plos One 2008, 3(12):1-8.
7. Barich B.E., Garcea E.A.A. Ecological patterns in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene in the Jebel Gharbi, Northern Libya: chronology, climate and human occupation. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 2008, 25:87-97.
8. Barker G., Antoniadou A., Armitage S., Brooks I., Candy I., Connell K., Douka K., Drake N., Farr L., Hill E., Hunt C., Inglis R., Jones S., Lane C., Luccharini G., Meneely J., Morales J., Mutri G., Prendergast A., Rabett R., Reade H., Reynolds T., Russell N., Simpson D., Smith B., Stimpson C., Twati M., White K. The cyrenaican prehistory project 2010: the fourth season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the 2007-2009 fieldwork. Libyan Studies 2010, 41:63-88.
9. Barton R.N.E., Bouzouggar A., Collcutt S., Schwenninger J.-L., Clark-Balzan L. OSL dating of the Aterian levels at Dar es-Soltan I (Rabat, Morocco) and implications for the dispersal of modern Homo sapiens. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2009, 28:1914-1931.
10. Bouzouggar A. Economie des matières premières et du débitage dans la séquence atérienne de la grotte d'El Mnasra I (ancienne grotte des Contrebandiers-Maroc). Préhist. Anthrop. Médit. 1997, 6:35-52.
11. Bouzouggar A., Barton N., Vanhaeren M., d'Errico F., Collcutt S., Higham T., Hodge E., Parfitt S., Rhodes E., Schwenninger J.-L., Stringer C., Turner E., Ward S., Moutmir A., Stambouli A. 82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 2007, 104:9964-9969.
12. Bouzouggar A., Barton R.N.E. The identity and timing of the Aterian in Morocco. Modern Origins: A North African Perspective 2012, 93-106. Springer, New York. J.-J. Hublin, S. McPherron (Eds.).
13. Bouzouggar A., Kozlowski J.K., Otte M. Etude des ensembles lithiques atériens de la grotte d'El Aliya à Tanger (Maroc). L'Anthropologie 2002, 106:207-248.
14. Byrne R. The Thinking Ape 1995, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
15. Camps G. Les civilisations préhistoriques de L'Afrique du Nord et du Sahara 1974, Doin, Paris.
16. Carrière G. Quelques stations préhistoriques de la Province d'Oran. Bull. Soc. Géog. Archéol. Oran 1886, VI:136-154.
17. Caton-Thompson G. The Aterian industry: its place and significance in the Palaeolithic world. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. G.B. Irel. 1946, 76(2):87-130.
18. Clark J.D. The cultures of the Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age. The Cambridge History of Africa 1982, Vol. 1:248-341. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. J.D. Clark (Ed.).
19. Clark J.D. African and Asian perspectives on the origins of Modern Humans. The Origin of Modern Humans and the Impact of Chronometric Dating 1993, 148-178. Princeton University Press, Princeton. M.J. Aitken, C.B. Stringer, P.A. Mellars (Eds.).
20. Compton J.S. Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations and human evolution on the southern coastal plain of South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews 2011, 30(5-6):506-527.
21. d'Errico F., Stringer C. Evolution, Revolution or Saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures?. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2011, 366:1060-1069.
22. d'Errico F., Vanhaeren M., Barton N., Bouzouggar J., Mienis H., Richter D., Hublin J.J., McPherron S.P., Lozouet P. Additional evidence on the use of personal ornaments in the Middle Paleolithic of North Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 2009, 106(38):16051-16056.
23. Deacon T. The Symbolic Species 1997, W.W. Norton & Co, New York.
24. Debénath A., Raynal J.-P., Roche J., Texier J.-P., Ferembach D. Stratigraphie, habitat, typologie et devenir de l'Atérien Marocain: données récentes. L'Anthropologie 1986, 90:233-246.
25. Donald M. Origins of the Modern Mind 1991, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
26. Drake N.A., El-Hawat A.S., Turner P., Armitage S.J., Salem M.J., White K.H., McLaren S. Palaeohydrology of the Fazzan Basin and surrounding regions: the last 7 million years. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 263:131-145.
27. El Hajraoui M.A. L'industrie osseuse atérienne de la grotte d'El Mnasra (Région de Témara, Maroc). LAPMO Université de Provence CNRS. Préhist. Anthrop. Médit. 1994, 3:91-94.
28. Uan Tabu in the Settlement History of the Libyan Sahara 2001, All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze. E.A.A. Garcea (Ed.).
29. Garcea E.A.A. The evolutions and revolutions of the Late Middle Stone Age and Lower Later Stone Age in north-west Africa. The Mediterranean from 50,000 to 25,000 BP: Turning Points and New Directions 2009, 49-64. Oxbow Books, Oxford. M. Camps, C. Szmidt (Eds.).
30. Garcea E.A.A. The spread of Aterian peoples in North Africa. South-Eastern Mediterranean Peoples Between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago 2010, 37-53. Oxbow Books, Oxford. E.A.A. Garcea (Ed.).
31. Giraudi C. Geology and the Palaeoenvironment. The Latest Research in the Jebel Gharbi (Northern Libya): Environment and Cultures from MSA to LSA and the First Neolithic Findings 2010, 237-240. Libya Antiqua n.s. 5. B.E. Barich, E.A.A. Garcea, C. Giraudi, G. Lucarini, G. Mutri (Eds.).
32. Grün R., Stringer C.B., McDermott F., Nathan R., Porat N., Robertson S., Taylor L., Mortimer G., Eggins S., McCulloch M. U-series and ESR analyses of bones and teeth relating to the human burials from Skhul. J. Hum. Evol. 2005, 49:316-334.
33. Harvati K., Hublin J.J. Morphological continuity of the face in the late middle and upper Pleistocene hominins from Northwestern Africa - A 3D geometric morphometric analysis. Modern Origins: A North African Perspective 2012, 179-188. Springer, New York. J.J. Hublin, S. McPherron (Eds.).
34. Henrich J. Demography and cultural evolution: why adaptive cultural processes produced maladaptive losses in Tasmania. Am. Antiq. 2004, 69(2):197-214.
35. Henshilwood C.S., d'Errico F., Watts I. Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at blombos cave, South Africa. J. Hum. Evol. 2009, 57:27-47.
36. Henshilwood C., Marean C.W. The origin of modern human behavior: critique of the models and their test implications. Curr. Anthropol. 2003, 44(5):627-649.
37. Hublin J.J. Modern-nonmodern hominid interactions: a mediterranean perspective. The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean 2000, Peabody Museum Bulletin 8. Cambridge, pp. 157-182. O. Bar-Yosef, D. Pilbeam (Eds.).
38. Hublin J.-J. Northwestern African Middle Pleistocene hominids and their bearing on the emergence of Homo sapiens. Human Roots: Africa and Asia in the Middle Pleistocene 2002, 99-121. Western Academic & Specialist Press, Bristol. L. Barham, K. Robson-Brown (Eds.).
39. Hublin J.-J., Tillier A.-M., Tixier J. L'humérus d'enfant moustérien (Homo 4) du jebel irhoud (maroc) dans son contexte archéologique. Bulletin Et Mémoires De La Société d'Anthropologie De Paris 1987, 4(série XIV):115-142.
40. Hublin J.J., Verna C., Bailey S., Smith T., Olejniczak A., Sbihi-Alaoui F.Z., Zouak M. Dental evidence from the aterian human populations of Morocco. Modern Origins: A North African Perspective 2012, 189-204. Springer, New York. J.J. Hublin, S. McPherron (Eds.).
41. Klein R.G. Archaeology and the evolution of human behavior. Evol. Anthropol. 2000, 17-35.
42. Klein R.G. The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins 2009, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
43. Kleindienst M.R. What is the Aterian? The view from Dakhleh Oasis and the Western Desert, Egypt. The Oasis Paper 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project 1998, 1-14. Oxbow Books, Oxford. M. Marlow, A.J. Mills (Eds.).
44. Kleindienst M.R., Smith J.R., Adelsberger K.A. The Kharga Oasis Prehistory Project (KOPP), 2008 field season: part 1. Geoarchaeology and Pleistocene Prehistory. Nyame Akuma 2009, 71:18-30.
45. Lahr M., Foley R. Multiple dispersals and modern human origins. Evol. Anthropol. 1994, 3(2):48-60.
46. Marean C.W., Bar-Matthews M., Bernatchez J., Fisher J., Goldberg P., Herries A., Jacobs Z., Jerardino A., Karkanas P., Minichillo T., Nilssen P.J., Thompson E., Watts I., Williams H.M. Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene. Nature 2007, 449:905-908.
47. Marean C.W. Pinnacle point cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: the Cape floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins. J. Hum. Evol. 2010, 59:425-443.
48. Martrat B., Grimalt J.O., Lopez-Martinez C., Cacho I.C., Sierro F.J., Flores J.A., Zahn R., Canals M., Curtis J.H., Hodell D.A. 4 Abrupt temperature changes in the western Mediterranean over the past 250,000 years. Science 2004, 306:1762-1765.
49. McBrearty S., Brooks A.S. The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. J. Hum. Evol. 2000, 39:453-563.
50. Mellars P. The impossible coincidence. A single-species model for the origins of modern human behaviour in Europe. Evol. Anthropol. 2005, 14:12-27.
51. Mellars P. Why did modern human populations disperse from Africa ca. 60,000 years ago? A new model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 2006, 103(5):9381-9386.
52. Morel J. Nouvelles datations absolues de formations littorales et de gisements préhistoriques de l'Est algérien. Bulletin De La Société Préhistorique Française 1974, 71:103-105.
53. Morel J. La station éponyme de l'Oued Djebbana à Bir-el-Ater (Est algérien), contribution à la connaissance de son industrie et de sa faune. L'Anthropologie 1974, 78:53-80.
54. Mourre V., Villa P., Henshilwood C.S. Early use of pressure flaking on lithic artifacts at blombos cave, South Africa. Science 2010, 330(6004):659-662.
55. Nami M., Moser J. La Grotte D'Ifri n'Ammar. Tome 2: Le Paléolithique Moyen 2010, Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden.
56. Nespoulet R., Debénath A., El Hajraoui M.A., Michel P., Campas E., Oujaa A., Ben-Ncer A., Lacombe P., Amani F., Stoetzel E., Boudad L. Le contexte archéologique des restes humains atériens de la région de Rabat-Témara (Maroc): Apport des fouilles des grottes d'El Mnasra et d'El Harhoura 2. Actes RQM4, Oujda 2008, 2008:356-375.
57. Nespoulet R., El Hajraoui M.A., Amani F., Ben-Ncer A., Debénath A., El Idrissi A. Palaeolithic and Neolithic occupations in the Témara region (Rabat, Morocco): recent data on hominin contexts and behaviour. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 2008, 25:21-40.
58. Osborne A.H., Vance D., Rohling E.J., Barton N., Rogerson M., Fello N. A humid corridor across the Sahara for the migration of early modern humans out of Africa 120,000 years ago. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 2008, 105:16444-16447.
59. Powell A., Shennan S., Thomas M.G. Late Pleistocene demography and appearance of modern behaviour. Science 2009, 324:1288-1301.
60. Reygasse M. études de Paléthnologie Maghrébine (deuxième série). Recueil des Notices et Mémoires de la Société Archéologique, Historique et Géographique du Constantine 1921-1922, LIII:159-204.
61. Reygasse M. Note au sujet de deux civilizations préhistoriques africaines pour lesquelles deux termes nouveaux me paraissent devoir être employés. XLVIè Congrès De L'association Française Pour L'avancement Des Sciences, Montpellier 1922, 467-472.
62. Richter D., Moser J., Nami M., Eiwanger J., Mikdad A. New chronometric data from Ifri n'Ammar (Morocco) and the chronostratigraphy of the Middle Palaeolithic in the Western Maghreb. J. Hum. Evol. 2010, 59(6):672-679.
63. Roset J.-P., Harbi-Riahi M. El Akarit: Un Site Archéologique Du Paléolithique Moyen Dans Le Sud De La Tunisie 2007, Editions Recherches sur les Civilisations, Paris.
64. Rossano M.J. Making friends, making tools, and making symbols. Curr. Anthropol. 2010, 51:89-98.
65. Rumbaugh D.M., Washburn D.A. The Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings 2003, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
66. Sánchez Goñi M.F., Landais A., Fletcher W.J., Naughton F., Desprat S., Duprat J. Contrasting impacts of Dansgaard-Oeschger events over a western European latitudinal transect modulated by orbital parameters. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:1136-1151.
67. Schwenninger J.-L., Collcutt S.N., Barton N., Bouzouggar A., Clark-Balzan L., El Hajraoui M.A., Nespoulet R., Debénath A. A new luminescence chronology for Aterian cave sites on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. South-Eastern Mediterranean Peoples Between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago 2010, 18-36. Oxbow Books, Oxford. E.A.A. Garcea (Ed.).
68. Shea J.J. Homo sapiens is as Homo sapiens was. Behavioral variability versus "behavioral modernity" in Paleolithic Archaeology. Curr. Anthropol. 2011, 52(1):1-34.
69. Shennan S. Demography and cultural innovation: a model and its implications for the emergence of modern human culture. Camb. Archaeol. J. 2001, 11:5-16.
70. Smith J., Giegengack R., Schwarcz H.P., McDonald M.A.A., Kleindienst M.R., Hawkins A.L., Churcher C.S. Reconstructing Pleistocene pluvial environments and occupation through the stratigraphy and geochronology of fossilspring tufas, Kharga Oasis, Egypt. Geoarchaeology 2004, 19:407-439.
71. Smith J.R. Palaeoenvironments of eastern North Africa and the Levant in the late Pleistocene. South-Eastern Mediterranean Peoples Between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago 2010, 6-17. Oxbow Books, Oxford. E.A.A. Garcea (Ed.).
72. Smith T.M., Tafforeau P., Reid D.J., Grün R., Eggins S., Boutakiout M., Hublin J.-J. Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 2007, 104:6128-6133.
73. Tixier J. Les pièces pédonculés de l'Atérien. Libyca 1958-1959, VI-VII:127-158.
74. Tixier J. Procédés d'analyse et questions de terminologie concernant l'étude des ensembles industriels du Paléolithique récent et de l'Epipaléolithique dans l'Afrique du nord-ouest. Background to Evolution in Africa 1967, 771-820. University of Chicago Press, Chiocago. W.W. Bishop, J.D. Clark (Eds.).
75. Tomasello M., Carpenter M., Call J., Behne T., Moll H. Understanding and sharing intentions: the origins of cultural cognition. Behav. Brain Sci. 2005, 28:675-735.
76. Van Peer P. Interassemblage variability and Levallois styles: the case of the North African middle Palaeolithic. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 1991, 10:107-151.
77. Vandermeersch B. Une sépulture moustérienne avec offrandes decouverte dans la grotte de Qafzeh. Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci. 1970, 268:298-301.
78. Vanhaeren M., d'Errico F., Stringer C.B., James S.L., Todd J.A., Mienis H.K. Middle Paleolithic shell beads in Israel and Algeria. Science 2006, 312:1785-1788.
79. Wendorf F., Schild R. The Prehistory of the Nile Valley 1976, Academic Press, New York.
80. Wengler L. La transition du Moustérien à l'Atérien. L'Anthropologie 1997, 101(3):448-481.
81. Whiten A. The second inheritance systems of chimpanzees and humans. Nature 2005, 437:52-55.