Interventions for acne scars

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2016, Issue 4, 2016, Pages

  Abdel Hay, Rania ^a   Shalaby, Khalid ^b   Zaher, Hesham ^a   Hafez, Vanessa ^c   Chi, Ching Chi ^d,e   Dimitri, Sandra ^b   Nabhan, Ashraf F ^b   Layton, Alison M ^f  

^a CAIRO UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^b AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^c Cairo University   (Egypt)

^d CHANG GUNG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^e CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (Taiwan)

^f HARROGATE AND DISTRICT NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID; FILLER; PLACEBO; INJECTABLE IMPLANT;

ACNE; ACNE SCAR; APPLICATION SITE HYPERPIGMENTATION; COCHRANE LIBRARY; EMBASE; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC SCAR; INJECTION SITE CONTUSION; INJECTION SITE DISCOLORATION; INJECTION SITE EDEMA; INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA; INJECTION SITE PAIN; INJECTION SITE SWELLING; KELOID; LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY; MEDLINE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SCAR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ACNE VULGARIS; ADULT; ADVERSE EFFECTS; ATROPHY; CATHETER ABLATION; CHEMEXFOLIATION; CICATRIX; COMPLICATION; DEVICES; ESTHETIC SURGERY; FEMALE; HYPERTROPHY; INJECTABLE IMPLANT; MALE; META ANALYSIS; NEEDLE; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; THERAPEUTIC USE; YOUNG ADULT;

ACNE VULGARIS; ADULT; ATROPHY; CATHETER ABLATION; CHEMEXFOLIATION; CICATRIX; COSMETIC TECHNIQUES; DERMAL FILLERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTROPHY; LASER THERAPY; MALE; NEEDLES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84962776116     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011946.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Alam M, Han S, Pongprutthipan M, Disphanurat W, Kakar R, Nodzenski M, et al. Efficacy of a needling device for the treatment of acne scars: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatology 2014;150(8):844-9. [PUBMED: 24919799]
2. Pongprutthipan M, Nodzenski M, Veledar E, West D, Dubina M, Alam M, et al. A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a needling device for the treatment of acne scars. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2014;46:4. [EMBASE: 71594493]
3. Asilian A, Salimi E, Faghihi G, Dehghani F, Tajmirriahi N, Hosseini SM. Comparison of Q-Switched 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser and fractional CO2 laser efficacies on improvement of atrophic facial acne scar. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2011;16(9):1189-95. [EMBASE: 2011598154]
4. Bernstein EF, Ferreira M, Anderson D. A pilot investigation to subjectively measure treatment effect and side-effect profile of non-ablative skin remodeling using a 532 nm, 2 ms pulse-duration laser. Journal of Cosmetic & Laser Therapy 2001;3(3):137-41. [EMBASE: 2002362049]
5. Chae WS, Seong JY, Jung HN, Kong SH, Kim MH, Suh HS, et al. Comparative study on efficacy and safety of 1550 nm Er: Glass fractional laser and fractional radiofrequency microneedle device for facial atrophic acne scar. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2015;14(2):100-6. [EMBASE: 2015071568]
6. Cho SB, Lee SJ, Cho S, Oh SH, Chung WS, Kang JM, et al. Non-ablative 1550-nm erbium-glass and ablative 10 600-nm carbon dioxide fractional lasers for acne scars: a randomized split-face study with blinded response evaluation. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2010;24(8):921-5. [EMBASE: 2010378178]
7. Erbağci Z, Akçali C. Biweekly serial glycolic acid peels vs. long-term daily use of topical low-strength glycolic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. International Journal of Dermatology 2000;39(10):789-94. [EMBASE: 2000387524]
8. Faghihi G, Nouraei S, Asilian A, Keyvan S, Abtahi-Naeini B, Rakhshanpour M, et al. Efficacy of punch elevation combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing in facial atrophic acne scarring: a randomized split-face clinical study. Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015;60(5):473-8. [EMBASE: 2015376448]
9. Hedelund L, Moreau KER, Beyer DM, Nymann P, Haedersdal M. Fractional nonablative 1, 540-nm laser resurfacing of atrophic acne scars. A randomized controlled trial with blinded response evaluation. Lasers in Medical Science 2010;25(5):749-54. [EMBASE: 2010472544]
10. Hedelund L, Haak CS, Togsverd-Bo K, Bogh MK, Bjerring P, Haedersdal M. Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing for atrophic acne scars: A randomized controlled trial with blinded response evaluation. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2012;44(6):447-52. [EMBASE: 2012412028]
11. Karnik J, Baumann L, Bruce S, Callender V, Cohen S, Grimes P, et al. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of suspended polymethylmethacrylate microspheres for the correction of atrophic facial acne scars. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2014;71(1):77-83. [EMBASE: 2014426024]
12. Kim HJ, Kim TG, Kwon YS, Park JM, Lee JH. Comparison of a 1, 550 nm Erbium: glass fractional laser and a chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars: a simultaneous split-face trial. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2009;41(8):545-9. [PUBMED: 19639620]
13. Lee DH, Choi YS, Min SU, Yoon MY, Suh DH. Comparison of a 585-nm pulsed dye laser and a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of acne scars: a randomized split-face clinical study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2009;60(5):801-7. [PUBMED: 19217691]
14. Lee JW, Kim BJ, Kim MN, Mun SK. The efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma combined with ablative carbon dioxide fractional resurfacing for acne scars: a simultaneous split-face trial. Dermatologic Surgery 2011;37(7):931-8. [PUBMED: 21635618]
15. Leheta T, El Tawdy A, Abdel Hay R, Farid S. Percutaneous collagen induction versus full-concentration trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Dermatologic Surgery 2011;37(2):207-16. [PUBMED: 21269351]
16. Leheta T, Tawdy AE, Hay RA, Farid S. Percutaneous collagen induction versus full concentration trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. 21st Annual Meeting of the European Tissue Repair Society Amsterdam Netherlands. Conference Start: 20111005 Conference End: 20111007. Wound Repair and Regeneration 2011;19(5):A70. [EMBASE: 70532581]
17. Leheta TM, Abdel Hay RM, Garem YF. Deep peeling using phenol versus percutaneous collagen induction combined with trichloroacetic acid 20% in atrophic post-acne scars; a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2014;25(2):130-6. [PUBMED: 22397516]
18. Leheta TM, Abdel Hay RM, Hegazy RA, El Garem YF. Do combined alternating sessions of 1540 nm nonablative fractional laser and percutaneous collagen induction with trichloroacetic acid 20% show better results than each individual modality in the treatment of atrophic acne scars? A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2014;25(2):137-41. [PUBMED: 22640000]
19. Linkner RV, Jim On S, Haddican M, Singer G, Shim-Chang H. Evaluating the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with 20% aminolevulinic acid and microdermabrasion as a combination treatment regimen for acne scarring: A split-face, randomized, double-blind pilot study. Journal of Clinical & Aesthetic Dermatology 2014;7(5):32-5. [PUBMED: 24847407]
20. Manuskiatti W, Iamphonrat T, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Eimpunth S. Comparison of fractional Er:YAG and CO2 lasers in resurfacing of atrophic acne scars in Asians. 31st Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, ASLMS 2011 Grapevine, TX United States. Conference Start: 20110330 Conference End: 20110403. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2011;43:938-939. [EMBASE: 70640237]
21. Manuskiatti W, Iamphonrat T, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Eimpunth S. Comparison of fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and carbon dioxide lasers in resurfacing of atrophic acne scars in Asians. Dermatologic Surgery 2013;39(1 Pt 1):111-20. [EMBASE: 23205717]
22. Min SU, Choi YS, Lee DH, Yoon MY, Suh DH. Comparison of a long-pulse Nd:YAG laser and a combined 585/1, 064-nm laser for the treatment of acne scars: a randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatologic Surgery 2009;35(11):1720-7. [PUBMED: 19250299]
23. Munavalli GS, Smith S, Maslowski JM, Weiss RA. Successful treatment of depressed, distensible acne scars using autologous fibroblasts: a multi-site, prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dermatologic Surgery 2013;39(8):1226-36. [PUBMED: 23566237]
24. Rongsaard N, Rummaneethorn P. Comparison of a fractional bipolar radiofrequency device and a fractional erbium-doped glass 1, 550-nm device for the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatologic Surgery 2014;40(1):14-21. [PUBMED: 24267397]
25. Sage RJ, Lopiccolo MC, Liu A, Mahmoud BH, Tierney EP, Kouba DJ. Subcuticular incision versus naturally sourced porcine collagen filler for acne scars: a randomized split-face comparison. Dermatologic Surgery 2011;37(4):426-31. [PUBMED: 21388487]
26. Tanzi EL, Alster TS. Comparison of a 1450-nm diode laser and a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of atrophic facial scars: a prospective clinical and histologic study. Dermatologic Surgery 2004;30(2 Pt 1):152-7. [PUBMED: 14756642]
27. Zhang Z, Fei Y, Chen X, Lu W, Chen J. Comparison of a fractional microplasma radio frequency technology and carbon dioxide fractional laser for the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatologic Surgery 2013;39(4):559-66. [PUBMED: 23379344]
28. 2 LASER pinpoint irradiation technique versus chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) in treating ice pick acne scars. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 2014;16(1):8-13. [EMBASE: 2014075366]
29. Alexis A, Coley M, Alam M, Luke J, Shah S, Argobi Y. A prospective randomized split-face comparison study of non-ablative fractional laser resurfacing in the treatment of acne scarring in fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV-VI. 31st Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, ASLMS 2011 Grapevine, TX United States. Conference Start: 20110330 Conference End: 20110403. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2011;43:939. [EMBASE: 70640238]
30. Alster TS, McMeekin TO. Improvement of facial acne scars by the 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1996;35(1):79-81. [EMBASE: 1996211032]
31. Azzam OA, Atta AT, Sobhi RM, Mostafa PIN. Fractional CO2 laser treatment vs autologous fat transfer in the treatment of acne scars: A comparative study. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 2013;12(1):e7-e13. [EMBASE: 2013090597]
32. Balighi K, Robati RM, Moslehi H, Robati AM. Subcision in acne scar with and without subdermal implant: a clinical trial. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology 2008;22(6):707-11. [EMBASE: 2008238716]
33. Bjørn M, Stausbøl-Grøn B, Braae Olesen A, Hedelund L. Treatment of acne scars with fractional CO2 laser at 1-month versus 3-month intervals: An intra-individual randomized controlled trial. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2014;46(2):89-93. [EMBASE: 2014128952]
34. Dreno B, Katsambas A, Pelfini C, Plantier D, Jancovici E, Ribet V, et al. Combined 0.1% retinaldehyde/ 6% glycolic acid cream in prophylaxis and treatment of acne scarring. Dermatology 2007;214(3):260-7. [PUBMED: 17377389]
35. Gadkari R, Nayak C. A split-face comparative study to evaluate efficacy of combined subcision and dermaroller against combined subcision and cryoroller in treatment of acne scars. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2014;13(1):38-43. [PUBMED: 24641604]
36. Gawdat HI, Hegazy RA, Fawzy MM, Fathy M. Autologous platelet rich plasma: topical versus intradermal after fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser treatment of atrophic acne scars.[Erratum appears in Dermatol Surg. 2014 May;40(5):601]. Dermatologic Surgery 2014;40(2):152-61. [PUBMED: 24354616]
37. Goldman MP, Manuskiatti W. Combined laser resurfacing with the 950-microsec pulsed CO2 + Er:YAG lasers. Dermatologic Surgery 1999;25(3):160-3. [PUBMED: 10193959]
38. Jung JY, Lee JH, Ryu DJ, Lee SJ, Bang D, Cho SB. Lower-fluence, higher-density versus higher-fluence, lower-density treatment with a 10, 600-nm carbon dioxide fractional laser system: A split-face, evaluator-blinded study. Dermatologic Surgery 2010;36(12):2022-9. [EMBASE: 2010679252]
39. Kim S, Cho KH. Clinical trial of dual treatment with an ablative fractional laser and a nonablative laser for the treatment of acne scars in Asian patients. Dermatologic Surgery 2009;35(7):1089-98. [PUBMED: 19438689]
40. Laubach H-J. Does penetration depth matter for fractional photothermolysis? Preliminary results of a prospective, randomized split-face study using non-ablative fractional photothermolysis in the treatment of acne scars [La profondeur de penetration a-t-elle de l'importance dans la photothermolyse fractionnelle? Resultats preliminaires d'une etude prospective et randomisee par demi-visage avec la photothermolyse fractionnelle non ablative dans le traitement des cicatrices d'acne]. Nouvelles Dermatologiques 2008;27(5 Spec Iss):45. [EMBASE: 2008287801]
41. Laubach H-J, Manstein D, Zurakowski D, Bayer H, Peukert N, Becke D, et al. Non-ablative fractional photothermolysis of acne scars: Effects of energy distribution and penetration depth. 29th Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery National Harbor, MD United States. Conference Start: 20090401 Conference End: 20090405. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2009;41:31. [EMBASE: 70332706]
42. Lee SJ, Kang JM, Chung WS, Kim YK, Kim HS. Ablative non-fractional lasers for atrophic facial acne scars: a new modality of erbium:YAG laser resurfacing in Asians. Lasers in Medical Science 2014;29(2):615-9. [EMBASE: 2014211982]
43. Mohammed G. Randomized clinical trial of CO2 laser pinpoint irradiation technique with/without needling for ice pick acne scars. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 2013;15(3):177-82. [EMBASE: 2013337358]
44. Nofal E, Helmy A, Nofal A, Alakad R, Nasr M. Platelet-rich plasma versus CROSS technique with 100% trichloroacetic acid versus combined skin needling and platelet rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a comparative study. Dermatologic Surgery 2014;40(8):864-73. [PUBMED: 25006854]
45. Sharad J. Combination of microneedling and glycolic acid peels for the treatment of acne scars in dark skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2011;10(4):317-23. [PUBMED: 22151943]
46. Mahmoud BH, Srivastava D, Janiga JJ, Yang JJ, Lim HW, Ozog DM. Safety and efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser for treatment of acne scars in type IV to VI skin. Dermatologic Surgery 2010;36(5):602-9. [PUBMED: 20384757]
47. Srivastava D, Mahmoud B, Ozog D, Lim H, Janiga J. The safety and efficacy of fractional laser treatments for acne scars in Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI. 67th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, AAD San Francisco, CA United States. Conference Start: 20090306 Conference End: 20090310. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2009;60(3 Suppl 1):AB197. [EMBASE: 70142499]
48. Tanghetti E, Tanghetti M. Is deeper better: a prospective study of deep vs superficial non-ablative fractional laser treatment of acne scars and photo-aging. 33rd Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, ASLMS 2013 Boston, MA United States. Conference Start: 20130403 Conference End: 20130407. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2013;45:4. [EMBASE: 71033948]
49. Vejjabhinanta V, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Limtanyakul P, Manuskiatti W. The efficacy in treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in Asians with a fractional radiofrequency microneedle system. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV 2014;28(9):1219-25. [PUBMED: 25158223]
50. Yaghmai D, Garden JM, Bakus AD, Massa MC. Comparison of a 1, 064 nm laser and a 1, 320 nm laser for the nonablative treatment of acne scars. Dermatologic Surgery 2005;31(8 Pt 1):903-9. [PUBMED: 16042934]
51. Yuan XH, Zhong SX, Li SS. Comparison study of fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing using different fluences and densities for acne scars in Asians: A randomized split-face trial. Dermatologic Surgery 2014;40(5):545-52. [PUBMED: 24645970]
52. Dadzie O. A pilot study to assess the efficacy of autologous fibroblasts treatment in acne scarring (Abstract P-49). British Association of Dermatologists 86th Annual Meeting. British Journal of Dermatology 2006;155:43.
53. Dreno B. Effect of Diacneal® in the prevention of acne scarring and pigmentation: a double blind study including quality of life evaluation. Abstract SAT5-4 The 12th Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Barcelona, Spain 15-18th October. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV 2003;17(Suppl 3):431.
54. Ghaly N, Allam A. Comparative study of 1540-nm nonablative fractional erbium laser versus 2940-nm ablative erbium: YAG laser in resurfacing of postacne scarring. 70th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology San Diego, CA United States. Conference Start: 20120316 Conference End: 20120320. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2012;66(4 Suppl 1):AB25. [EMBASE: 70703951]
55. Grimes P, Smith S. Results from a pivotal study on ArteFill for treating acne scars. 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology Denver, CO United States. Conference Start: 20140321 Conference End: 20140325. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2014;70(5 Suppl 1):AB20. [EMBASE: 71390176]
56. Munavalli G, Anderson R. Fractional bipolar radiofrequency delivered through a vacuum-assisted, microneedle array for the treatment of acne scarring-a pilot study. 31st Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, ASLMS 2011 Grapevine, TX United States. Conference Start: 20110330 Conference End: 20110403. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2011;43:925-6. [EMBASE: 70640200]
57. Qian L, Gao L, Liu B, Gao T, Wang G. A randomized controlled clinical trial of 10600 nm CO2 fractional laser and 2940 nm erbium fractional laser in the treatment of acne scars. 3rd Eastern Asia Dermatology Congress Jeju South Korea. Conference Start: 20140924 Conference End: 20140926. Journal of Dermatology 2014;41:69. [EMBASE: 71669032]
58. Sachsenberg-Studer EM, Mengeaud V, Dupuy P, Kaufmann R. Pre and post treatment of laser skin resurfacing: comparison of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid. Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie 2002;129(Suppl 1 Pt 2):1S614.
59. Sarkate A, Ghate S, Dhurat R. Split-face placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of type A botulinum toxin in postacne facial scars. 95th Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatologists Manchester United Kingdom. Conference Start: 20150707 Conference End: 20150709. British Journal of Dermatology 2015;173:68. [EMBASE: 71969514]
60. Sarnoff D, Gotkin R. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of dual treatment with an ablative fractional CO2 laser and a non-ablative 1440nm Nd:YAG laser for atrophic facial acne scars. 32nd Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, ASLMS 2012 Kissimmee, FL United States. Conference Start: 20120418 Conference End: 20120422. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2012;44:11-2. [EMBASE: 70716660]
61. NCT02216864 Effect of multiple subcisions on rolling a scars. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02216864 (accessed 30 December 2015).
62. NCT02643628 A pilot study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of microneedling and bellafill to treat facial acne scars. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02643628 (accessed 30 December 2015).
63. Alam M, Omura N, Kaminer MS. Subcision for acne scarring: technique and outcomes in 40 patients. Dermatologic Surgery 2005;31(3):310-7; 317. [MEDLINE: 15841633]
64. Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA. The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: nonablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2008;58(5):719-37; 738-40. [MEDLINE: 18423256]
65. Alster TS, Tanzi EL. Hypertrophic scars and keloids: etiology and management. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 2003;4(4):235-43. [MEDLINE: 12680802]
66. Arno AI, Gauglitz GG, Barret JP, Jeschke MG. Up-to-date approach to manage keloids and hypertrophic scars: a useful guide. Burns 2014;40(7):1255-66. [MEDLINE: 24767715]
67. Basta-Juzbasic A. Current therapeutic approach to acne scars. Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica 2010;18(3):171-5. [MEDLINE: 20887698]
68. Brown JJ, Bayat A. Genetic susceptibility to raised dermal scarring. British Journal of Dermatology 2009;161(1):8-18. [MEDLINE: 19508304]
69. Cao H, Yang G, Wang Y, Liu J P, Smith CA, Luo H, et al. Complementary therapies for acne vulgaris. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009436.pub2]
70. Collier CN, Harper JC, Cafardi JA, Cantrell WC, Wang W, Foster KW, et al. The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2007;58(1):56-9. [MEDLINE: 17945383]
71. Conrado LA, Hounie AG, Diniz JB, Fossaluza V, Torres AR, Miguel EC, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder among dermatologic patients: prevalence and clinical features. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2010;63(2):235-43. [MEDLINE: 20561712]
72. Dalgard F, Gieler U, Holm JO, Bjertness E, Hauser S. Self-esteem and body satisfaction among late adolescents with acne: results from a population survey. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2009;59(5):746-51. [MEDLINE: 19119094]
73. Dreno B, Khammari A, Orain N, Noray C, Mérial-Kieny C, Méry S, et al. ECCA grading scale: an original validated acne scar grading scale for clinical practice in dermatology. Dermatology 2007;214(1):46-51. [PUBMED: 17191047]
74. Duman H, Topal IO, Kocaturk E, Duman MA. Evaluation of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with acne vulgaris, and quality of life in their families. Dermatologica Sinica In press. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2015.07.002]
75. Fabbrocini G, Fardella N, Monfrecola A, Proietti I, Innocenzi D. Acne scarring treatment using skin needling. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 2009;34(8):874-9. [MEDLINE: 19486041]
76. Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D'Arco V, De Vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, et al. Acne scars: pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatology Research and Practice 2010;2010:893080. [PUBMED: 20981308]
77. Finlay AY, Torres V, Kang S, Bettoli V, Dreno B, Goh CL, et al. Classification of acne scars is difficult even for acne experts. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2013;27(3):391-3. [PUBMED: 22329412]
78. Garg VK, Sinha S, Sarkar R. Glycolic acid peels versus salicylic-mandelic acid peels in active acne vulgaris and post-acne scarring and hyperpigmentation: a comparative study. Dermatologic Surgery 2008;35(1):59-65. [MEDLINE: 19076192]
79. Garg S, Baveja S. Combination therapy in the management of atrophic acne scars. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 2014;7(1):18-23. [MEDLINE: 24761094]
80. Gauglitz GG, Korting HC, Pavicic T, Ruzicka T, Jeschke MG. Hypertrophic scarring and keloids: pathomechanisms and current and emerging treatment strategies. Molecular Medicine 2011;17(1-2):113-25. [MEDLINE: 20927486]
81. Goel A, Krupashankar DS, Aurangabadkar S, Nischal KC, Omprakash HM, Mysore V. Fractional lasers in dermatology--current status and recommendations. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2011;77(3):369-79. [DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.79732]
82. Gold MH, McGuire M, Mustoe TA, Pusic A, Sachdev M, Waibel J, et al. Updated international clinical recommendations on scar management: part 2--algorithms for scar prevention and treatment. Dermatologic Surgery 2014;40(8):825-31. [MEDLINE: 25068544]
83. Goodman GJ, Baron JA. Postacne scarring: a qualitative global scarring grading system. Dermatologic Surgery 2006;32(12):1458-66. [MEDLINE: 17199653]
84. Goodman GJ, Baron JA. Postacne scarring--a quantitative global scarring grading system. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2006;5(1):48-52. [MEDLINE: 17173571]
85. Goodman GJ, Baron JA. The management of postacne scarring. Dermatologic Surgery 2007;33(10):1175-88. [EMBASE: 2007481881]
86. Goodman GJ. Treatment of acne scarring. In: Zouboulis Christos C, Katsambas Andreas D, Kligman Albert M editor(s). Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin, 2014:527-36.
87. McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime, Inc.). GRADEpro GDT: GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. Version 2015. McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime, Inc.), 2015.
88. Grevelink JM, White VR. Concurrent use of laser skin resurfacing and punch excision in the treatment of facial acne scarring. Dermatologic Surgery 1998;24(5):527-30. [EMBASE: 1998165350]
89. Gupta R, Huynh M, Ginsburg IH. Body dysmorphic disorder. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 2013;32(2):78-82. [MEDLINE: 24049964]
90. Hay RJ, Johns NE, Williams HC, Bolliger IW, Dellavalle RP, Margolis DJ, et al. The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014;134(6):1527-34. [MEDLINE: 24166134]
91. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327(7414):557-60.
92. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
93. Holland DB, Jeremy AH, Roberts SG, Seukeran DC, Layton AM, Cunliffe WJ. Inflammation in acne scarring: a comparison of the responses in lesions from patients prone and not prone to scar. British Journal of Dermatology 2004;150(1):72-81. [PUBMED: 14746619]
94. Ingram JR, Woo PN, Chua SL, Ormerod AD, Desai N, Kai AC, et al. Interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010081.pub2]
95. Jacob CI, Dover JS, Kaminer MS. Acne scarring: a classification system and review of treatment options. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2001;45(1):109-17. [MEDLINE: 11423843]
96. Landau M. Cardiac complications in deep chemical peels. Dermatologic Surgery 2007;33(2):190-3. [MEDLINE: 17300604]
97. Layton AM, Henderson CA, Cunliffe WJ. A clinical evaluation of acne scarring and its incidence. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 1994;19(4):303-8. [MEDLINE: 7955470]
98. Layton A, Eady EA, Peat M, Whitehouse H, Levell N, Ridd M, et al. Identifying acne treatment uncertainties via a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. BMJ Open 2015;5(7):e008085. [MEDLINE: 26187120]
99. Levy LL, Zeichner JA. Management of acne scarring, part II: a comparative review of non-laser-based, minimally invasive approaches. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 2012;13(5):331-40. [MEDLINE: 22849351]
100. Maibach HI, Gorouhi F. Evidence Based Dermatology. 2. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Publishing House, 2011. [1607950391]
101. Mutalik S. Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2005;71(1):3-8. [EMBASE: 2005117802]
102. Nankervis H, Pynn EV, Boyle RJ, Rushton L, Williams HC, Hewson DM, et al. House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008426.pub2]
103. Ong MW, Bashir SJ. Fractional laser resurfacing for acne scars: a review. British Journal of Dermatology 2012;166(6):1160-9. [PUBMED: 22296284]
104. Patel MJ, Antony A, Do T, Hinds G, Sachs D, J Voorhees, et al. Atrophic acne scars may arise from both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions. 2010 Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology Atlanta, GA United States. Conference Start: 20100505 Conference End: 20100508. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2010;130(Suppl 1s):S58. [EMBASE: 70123028]
105. Purvis D, Robinson E, Merry S, Watson P. Acne, anxiety, depression and suicide in teenagers: a cross-sectional survey of New Zealand secondary school students. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2006;42(12):793-6. [PUBMED: 17096715]
106. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
107. Robinson KA, Akinyede O, Dutta T, Sawin VI, Li T, Spencer MR, et al. Framework for Determining Research Gaps During Systematic Review: Evaluation 2013. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK126708/ (accessed 2 November 2015). [PUBMED: 23487868]
108. Schünemann H, Brozek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A, (editors) GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Updated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group, 2013. www.guidelinedevelopment.org/handbook (accessed 2 November 2015).
109. Sobanko JF, Alster TS. Management of acne scarring, part I: a comparative review of laser surgical approaches. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 2012;13(5):319-30. [PUBMED: 22612738]
110. Strauss JS, Krowchuk DP, Leyden JJ, Lucky AW, Shalita AR, Siegfried EC, et al. Guidelines of care for acne vulgaris management. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2007;56(4):651-63. [MEDLINE: 17276540]
111. Sánchez Viera M. Management of acne scars: fulfilling our duty of care for patients. British Journal of Dermatology 2015;172(Suppl 1):47-51. [PUBMED: 25597636]
112. Williams HC, Dellavalle RP, Garner S. Acne vulgaris. Lancet 2012;379(9813):361-72. [MEDLINE: 21880356]
113. Abdel Hay R, Shalaby K, Zaher H, Hafez V, Chi C-C, Dimitri S, et al. Interventions for acne scars. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011946]
114. Jordan R, Cummins CCL, Burls A, Seukeran DDC. Laser resurfacing for facial acne scars. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001866]