Ultrafast Electron Injection Dynamics of Photoanodes for Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 120, Issue 11, 2016, Pages 5940-5948

  Swierk, John R ^a   McCool, Nicholas S ^b   Nemes, Coleen T ^a   Mallouk, Thomas E ^b   Schmuttenmaer, Charles A ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDUCTION BANDS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRON INJECTION; ELECTRONS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; SOLAR ENERGY; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; WATER INJECTION;

DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; IDENTICAL CONDITIONS; MESOPOROUS OXIDES; OVERALL EFFICIENCY; TRAPPED ELECTRONS; TWO-STEP INJECTION; ULTRAFAST ELECTRON INJECTION; WATER SPLITTING REACTIONS;

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84962197478     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00749     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Moore, G. F.; Brudvig, G. W. Energy Conversion in Photosynthesis: a Paradigm for Solar Fuel Production Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 2011, 2, 303-327 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140503
2. McEvoy, J.; Brudvig, G. Water-Splitting Chemistry of Photosystem II Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 4455-4483 10.1021/cr0204294
3. Asbury, J. B.; Hao, E.; Wang, Y.; Ghosh, H. N.; Lian, T. Ultrafast Electron Transfer Dynamics From Molecular Adsorbates to Semiconductor Nanocrystalline Thin Films J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 4545-4557 10.1021/jp003485m
4. Milot, R. L.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A. Electron Injection Dynamics in High-Potential Porphyrin Photoanodes Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 1423-1431 10.1021/ar500363q
5. Swierk, J. R.; Mallouk, T. E. Design and Development of Photoanodes for Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 2357-2387 10.1039/C2CS35246J
6. Brennan, B. J.; Durrell, A. C.; Koepf, M.; Crabtree, R. H.; Brudvig, G. W. Towards Multielectron Photocatalysis: a Porphyrin Array for Lateral Hole Transfer and Capture on a Metal Oxide Surface Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 12728-12734 10.1039/C5CP01683E
7. Hanson, K.; Brennaman, M. K.; Ito, A.; Luo, H.; Song, W.; Parker, K. A.; Ghosh, R.; Norris, M. R.; Glasson, C. R. K.; Concepcion, J. J. et al. Structure-Property Relationships in Phosphonate-Derivatized, RuII Polypyridyl Dyes on Metal Oxide Surfaces in an Aqueous Environment J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 14837-14847 10.1021/jp304088d
8. Youngblood, W. J.; Lee, S.-H. A.; Kobayashi, Y.; Hernandez-Pagan, E. A.; Hoertz, P. G.; Moore, T. A.; Moore, A. L.; Gust, D.; Mallouk, T. E. Photoassisted Overall Water Splitting in a Visible Light-Absorbing Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 926-927 10.1021/ja809108y
9. Lee, S.-H. A.; Zhao, Y.; Hernandez-Pagan, E. A.; Blasdel, L.; Youngblood, W. J.; Mallouk, T. E. Electron Transfer Kinetics in Water Splitting Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Core-Shell Oxide Electrodes Faraday Discuss. 2012, 155, 165-176 10.1039/C1FD00083G
10. Zhao, Y.; Swierk, J. R.; Megiatto, J. D.; Sherman, B.; Youngblood, W. J.; Qin, D.; Lentz, D. M.; Moore, A. L.; Moore, T. A.; Gust, D. et al. Improving the Efficiency of Water Splitting in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Using a Biomimetic Electron Transfer Mediator Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 109, 15612-15615 10.1073/pnas.1118339109
11. Swierk, J. R.; McCool, N. S.; Saunders, T. P.; Barber, G. D.; Strayer, M. E.; Vargas-Barbosa, N. M.; Mallouk, T. E. Photovoltage Effects of Sintered IrO2 Nanoparticle Catalysts in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 17046-17053 10.1021/jp500589n
12. Swierk, J. R.; Méndez-Hernández, D. D.; McCool, N. S.; Liddell, P.; Terazono, Y.; Pahk, I.; Tomlin, J. J.; Oster, N. V.; Moore, T. A.; Moore, A. L. et al. Metal-Free Organic Sensitizers for Use in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015, 112, 1681-1686 10.1073/pnas.1414901112
13. Gao, Y.; Ding, X.; Liu, J.; Wang, L.; Lu, Z.; Li, L.; Sun, L. Visible Light Driven Water Splitting in a Molecular Device with Unprecedentedly High Photocurrent Density J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 4219-4222 10.1021/ja400402d
14. 2 Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 7307-7309 10.1039/c0cc01828g
15. Li, F.; Fan, K.; Xu, B.; Gabrielsson, E.; Daniel, Q.; Li, L.; Sun, L. Organic Dye-Sensitized Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cell for Light Driven Total Water Splitting J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 9153-9159 10.1021/jacs.5b04856
16. Moore, G. F.; Blakemore, J. D.; Milot, R. L.; Hull, J. F.; Song, H.-E.; Cai, L.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A.; Crabtree, R. H.; Brudvig, G. W. A Visible Light Water-Splitting Cell with a Photoanode Formed by Codeposition of a High-Potential Porphyrin and an Iridium Water-Oxidation Catalyst Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 2389-2392 10.1039/c1ee01037a
17. 2 with the Ir(III)Cp∗ Water Oxidation Precatalyst J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 3868-3879 10.1039/C4TA07018F
18. Alibabaei, L.; Brennaman, M. K.; Norris, M. R.; Kalanyan, B.; Song, W.; Losego, M. D.; Concepcion, J. J.; Binstead, R. A.; Parsons, G. N.; Meyer, T. J. Solar Water Splitting in a Molecular Photoelectrochemical Cell Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2013, 110, 20008-20013 10.1073/pnas.1319628110
19. Sherman, B. D.; Ashford, D. L.; Lapides, A. M.; Sheridan, M. V.; Wee, K.-R.; Meyer, T. J. Light-Driven Water Splitting with a Molecular Electroassembly-Based Core/Shell Photoanode J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 3213-3217 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01370
20. Michaux, K. E.; Gambardella, A. A.; Alibabaei, L.; Ashford, D. L.; Sherman, B. D.; Binstead, R. A.; Meyer, T. J.; Murray, R. W. Visible Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Based on a Ru(II) Polypyridyl Chromophore and Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle Catalyst J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 17023-17027 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05711
21. Xiang, X.; Fielden, J.; Rodríguez-Córdoba, W.; Huang, Z.; Zhang, N.; Luo, Z.; Musaev, D. G.; Lian, T.; Hill, C. L. Electron Transfer Dynamics in Semiconductor-Chromophore-Polyoxometalate Catalyst Photoanodes J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 918-926 10.1021/jp312092u
22. Fielden, J.; Sumliner, J. M.; Han, N.; Geletii, Y. V.; Xiang, X.; Musaev, D. G.; Lian, T.; Hill, C. L. Water Splitting with Polyoxometalate-Treated Photoanodes: Enhancing Performance Through Sensitizer Design Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 5531-5543 10.1039/C5SC01439E
23. Creutz, C.; Sutin, N. Reaction of Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(III) with Hydroxide and its Application in a Solar Energy Storage System Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1975, 72, 2858-2862 10.1073/pnas.72.8.2858
24. Swierk, J. R.; McCool, N. S.; Saunders, T. P.; Barber, G. D.; Mallouk, T. E. Effects of Electron Trapping and Protonation on the Efficiency of Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 10974-10982 10.1021/ja5040705
25. Swierk, J. R.; McCool, N. S.; Mallouk, T. E. Dynamics of Electron Recombination and Transport in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoanodes J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 13858-13867 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01442
26. 2 Nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 21662-21670 10.1021/jp406734t
27. 2 J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 812-824 10.1021/jp310155q
28. Beard, M. C.; Turner, G. M.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A. Transient Photoconductivity in GaAs as Measured by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2000, 62, 15764-15777 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764
29. Gillaizeau-Gauthier, I.; Odobel, F.; Alebbi, M.; Argazzi, R.; Costa, E.; Bignozzi, C. A.; Qu, P.; Meyer, G. J. Phosphonate-Based Bipyridine Dyes for Stable Photovoltaic Devices Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 6073-6079 10.1021/ic010192e
30. 2 Powders for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells Prog. Photovoltaics 2007, 15, 603-612 10.1002/pip.768
31. Hanson, K.; Brennaman, M. K.; Luo, H.; Glasson, C. R. K.; Concepcion, J. J.; Song, W.; Meyer, T. J. Photostability of Phosphonate-Derivatized, Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes on Metal Oxide Surfaces ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 1462-1469 10.1021/am201717x
32. Turner, G. M.; Beard, M. C.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A. Carrier Localization and Cooling in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 11716-11719 10.1021/jp025844e
33. Baxter, J. B.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A. Conductivity of ZnO Nanowires, Nanoparticles, and Thin Films Using Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25229-25239 10.1021/jp064399a
34. Beard, M. C.; Turner, G. M.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A. Subpicosecond Carrier Dynamics in Low-Temperature Grown GaAs as Measured by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy J. Appl. Phys. 2001, 90, 5915-5923 10.1063/1.1416140
35. Nemes, C. T.; Koenigsmann, C.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A. Functioning Photoelectrochemical Devices Studied with Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 3257-3262 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01473
36. Cook, D. J.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Intense Terahertz Pulses by Four-Wave Rectification in Air Opt. Lett. 2000, 25, 1210-1212 10.1364/OL.25.001210
37. Bartel, T.; Gaal, P.; Reimann, K.; Woerner, M.; Elsaesser, T. Generation of Single-Cycle THz Transients with High Electric-Field Amplitudes Opt. Lett. 2005, 30, 2805-2807 10.1364/OL.30.002805
38. Wu, Q.; Zhang, X. C. Free-Space Electro-Optic Sampling of Terahertz Beams Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67, 3523-3525 10.1063/1.114909
39. 2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films Res. Chem. Intermed. 2001, 27, 393-406 10.1163/156856701104202255
40. Pijpers, J. J. H.; Ulbricht, R.; Derossi, S.; Reek, J. N. H.; Bonn, M. Picosecond Electron Injection Dynamics in Dye-Sensitized Oxides in the Presence of Electrolyte J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 2578-2584 10.1021/jp1104246
41. Furube, A.; Katoh, R.; Hara, K.; Murata, S.; Arakawa, H.; Tachiya, M. Ultrafast Stepwise Electron Injection From Photoexcited Ru-Complex Into Nanocrystalline ZnO Film via Intermediates at the Surface J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 4162-4166 10.1021/jp034039c
42. Furube, A.; Katoh, R.; Yoshihara, T.; Hara, K.; Murata, S.; Arakawa, A.; Tachiya, M. Ultrafast Direct and Indirect Electron-Injection Processes in a Photoexcited Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Film: the Importance of Exciplex Intermediates at the Surface J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 12583-12592 10.1021/jp0487713
43. Knauf, R. R.; Brennaman, M. K.; Alibabaei, L.; Norris, M. R.; Dempsey, J. L. Revealing the Relationship Between Semiconductor Electronic Structure and Electron Transfer Dynamics at Metal Oxide-Chromophore Interfaces J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 25259-25268 10.1021/jp407587r
44. Listorti, A.; O'Regan, B.; Durrant, J. Electron Transfer Dynamics in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 3381-3399 10.1021/cm200651e
45. 3 Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 3-5 10.1021/cm303172w
46. Hanson, K.; Losego, M. D.; Kalanyan, B.; Parsons, G. N.; Meyer, T. J. Stabilizing Small Molecules on Metal Oxide Surfaces Using Atomic Layer Deposition Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 4802-4809 10.1021/nl402416s
47. Lapides, A. M.; Sherman, B. D.; Brennaman, M. K.; Dares, C. J.; Skinner, K. R.; Templeton, J. L.; Meyer, T. J. Synthesis, Characterization, and Water Oxidation by a Molecular Chromophore-Catalyst Assembly Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition. the Mummy Strategy Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 6398-6406 10.1039/C5SC01752A
48. 2 Photoanodes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 16328-16331 10.1021/ja4089555
49. 2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 7088-7094 10.1021/jp046037d
50. 2 Films Used in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ACS Nano 2011, 5, 5158-5166 10.1021/nn201243y
51. 2 Core/Shell Photoanode J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 2969 10.1039/C5TA06678F
52. Li, T. T. T.; Weaver, M. J. Intramolecular Electron Transfer at Metal Surfaces. 4. Dependence of Tunneling Probability Upon Donor-Acceptor Separation Distance J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6107-6108 10.1021/ja00332a073