메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 8, 2016, Pages 465-471

Cryptosporidium within-host genetic diversity: systematic bibliographical search and narrative overview

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Genetic diversity; Genomics; Genotyping; Population genetics; Protozoa; Recombination

Indexed keywords

EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOMICS; GENOTYPE; POPULATION GENETICS; PROTOZOAN;

EID: 84961877293     PISSN: 00207519     EISSN: 18790135     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.03.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 84867384993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from dairy calves: discovery of species/genotypes consistent with those found in humans
    • Abeywardena, H., Jex, A.R., Nolan, M.J., Haydon, S.R., Stevens, M.A., Mcanulty, R.W., Gasser, R.B., Genetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from dairy calves: discovery of species/genotypes consistent with those found in humans. Infect. Genet. Evol. 12 (2012), 1984–1993.
    • (2012) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 1984-1993
    • Abeywardena, H.1    Jex, A.R.2    Nolan, M.J.3    Haydon, S.R.4    Stevens, M.A.5    Mcanulty, R.W.6    Gasser, R.B.7
  • 3
    • 84922892189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhoea and enteropathogen shedding in New Zealand dairy farms
    • Al Mawly, J., Grinberg, A., Prattley, D., Moffat, J., Marshall, J., French, N., Risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhoea and enteropathogen shedding in New Zealand dairy farms. Vet. J. 203 (2015), 155–160.
    • (2015) Vet. J. , vol.203 , pp. 155-160
    • Al Mawly, J.1    Grinberg, A.2    Prattley, D.3    Moffat, J.4    Marshall, J.5    French, N.6
  • 4
    • 0034086847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do malaria parasites mate non-randomly in the mosquito midgut?
    • Anderson, T.J., Paul, R.E., Donnelly, C.A., Day, K.P., Do malaria parasites mate non-randomly in the mosquito midgut?. Genet. Res. 75 (2000), 285–296.
    • (2000) Genet. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 285-296
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Paul, R.E.2    Donnelly, C.A.3    Day, K.P.4
  • 6
    • 0032195834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unstable malaria in Sudan: the influence of the dry season. Clone multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in individuals exposed to variable levels of disease transmission
    • Arnot, D., Unstable malaria in Sudan: the influence of the dry season. Clone multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in individuals exposed to variable levels of disease transmission. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92 (1998), 580–585.
    • (1998) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.92 , pp. 580-585
    • Arnot, D.1
  • 8
    • 33751099319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minority memory genomes can influence the evolution of HIV-1 quasispecies in vivo
    • Briones, C., De Vicente, A., Molina-Paris, C., Domingo, E., Minority memory genomes can influence the evolution of HIV-1 quasispecies in vivo. Gene 384 (2006), 129–138.
    • (2006) Gene , vol.384 , pp. 129-138
    • Briones, C.1    De Vicente, A.2    Molina-Paris, C.3    Domingo, E.4
  • 9
    • 0032898151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphism at the β-tubulin locus among human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum
    • Caccio, S., Homan, W., van Dijk, K., Pozio, E., Genetic polymorphism at the β-tubulin locus among human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 170 (1999), 173–179.
    • (1999) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.170 , pp. 173-179
    • Caccio, S.1    Homan, W.2    van Dijk, K.3    Pozio, E.4
  • 10
    • 84923065136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotypes in Europe
    • Caccio, S.M., De Waele, V., Widmer, G., Geographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotypes in Europe. Infect. Genet. Evol. 31 (2015), 245–349.
    • (2015) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.31 , pp. 245-349
    • Caccio, S.M.1    De Waele, V.2    Widmer, G.3
  • 11
    • 33751379588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of the Cryptosporidium parvum IOWA isolate kept in different laboratories
    • Cama, V.A., Arrowood, M.J., Ortega, Y.R., Xiao, L., Molecular characterization of the Cryptosporidium parvum IOWA isolate kept in different laboratories. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 53:Suppl. 1 (2006), S40–S42.
    • (2006) J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. , vol.53 , pp. S40-S42
    • Cama, V.A.1    Arrowood, M.J.2    Ortega, Y.R.3    Xiao, L.4
  • 13
    • 0030026576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genetic heterogeneity in the Cryptosporidium parvum ribosomal repeat
    • Carraway, M., Tzipori, S., Widmer, G., Identification of genetic heterogeneity in the Cryptosporidium parvum ribosomal repeat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 (1996), 712–716.
    • (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.62 , pp. 712-716
    • Carraway, M.1    Tzipori, S.2    Widmer, G.3
  • 14
    • 0030883530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new restriction fragment length polymorphism from Cryptosporidium parvum identifies genetically heterogeneous parasite populations and genotypic changes following transmission from bovine to human hosts
    • Carraway, M., Tzipori, S., Widmer, G., A new restriction fragment length polymorphism from Cryptosporidium parvum identifies genetically heterogeneous parasite populations and genotypic changes following transmission from bovine to human hosts. Infect. Immun. 65 (1997), 3958–3960.
    • (1997) Infect. Immun. , vol.65 , pp. 3958-3960
    • Carraway, M.1    Tzipori, S.2    Widmer, G.3
  • 15
    • 84978643542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-host heterogeneity of M. tuberculosis infection is associated with poor early treatment response: a prospective cohort study
    • (online, ahead of print)
    • Cohen, T., Chindelevitch, L., Misra, R., Kempner, M.E., Galea, J., Moodley, P., Douglas, W., Within-host heterogeneity of M. tuberculosis infection is associated with poor early treatment response: a prospective cohort study. J. Infect. Dis., 2016, 10.1093/infdis/jiw014 (online, ahead of print).
    • (2016) J. Infect. Dis.
    • Cohen, T.1    Chindelevitch, L.2    Misra, R.3    Kempner, M.E.4    Galea, J.5    Moodley, P.6    Douglas, W.7
  • 16
    • 84875483450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. within a remote population of Soay Sheep on St. Kilda Islands, Scotland
    • Connelly, L., Craig, B.H., Jones, B., Alexander, C.L., Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. within a remote population of Soay Sheep on St. Kilda Islands, Scotland. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 (2013), 2240–2246.
    • (2013) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.79 , pp. 2240-2246
    • Connelly, L.1    Craig, B.H.2    Jones, B.3    Alexander, C.L.4
  • 17
    • 84888235185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes of IIa subfamily in dairy calves from Brazil
    • Couto, M.C., Lima, M.D., Bomfim, T.C., New Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes of IIa subfamily in dairy calves from Brazil. Acta Trop. 130C (2013), 117–122.
    • (2013) Acta Trop. , vol.130C , pp. 117-122
    • Couto, M.C.1    Lima, M.D.2    Bomfim, T.C.3
  • 18
    • 2442716143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host heterogeneity is a determinant of competitive exclusion or coexistence in genetically diverse malaria infections
    • De Roode, J.C., Culleton, R., Cheesman, S.J., Carter, R., Read, A.F., Host heterogeneity is a determinant of competitive exclusion or coexistence in genetically diverse malaria infections. Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (2004), 1073–1080.
    • (2004) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.271 , pp. 1073-1080
    • De Roode, J.C.1    Culleton, R.2    Cheesman, S.J.3    Carter, R.4    Read, A.F.5
  • 21
    • 41549130238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary identification of previously reported novel Cryptosporidium isolates reveals Cryptosporidium bovis and the cervine genotype in sheep (Ovis aries)
    • Elwin, K., Chalmers, R.M., Contemporary identification of previously reported novel Cryptosporidium isolates reveals Cryptosporidium bovis and the cervine genotype in sheep (Ovis aries). Parasitol. Res. 102 (2008), 1103–1105.
    • (2008) Parasitol. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 1103-1105
    • Elwin, K.1    Chalmers, R.M.2
  • 24
    • 58849115532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium genotype and subtype distribution in raw wastewater in Shanghai, China: evidence for possible unique Cryptosporidium hominis transmission
    • Feng, Y., Li, N., Duan, L., Xiao, L., Cryptosporidium genotype and subtype distribution in raw wastewater in Shanghai, China: evidence for possible unique Cryptosporidium hominis transmission. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47 (2009), 153–157.
    • (2009) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.47 , pp. 153-157
    • Feng, Y.1    Li, N.2    Duan, L.3    Xiao, L.4
  • 25
    • 0031239254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite scoring errors associated with noninvasive genotyping based on nuclear DNA amplified from shed hair
    • Gagneux, P., Boesch, C., Woodruff, D.S., Microsatellite scoring errors associated with noninvasive genotyping based on nuclear DNA amplified from shed hair. Mol. Ecol. 6 (1997), 861–868.
    • (1997) Mol. Ecol. , vol.6 , pp. 861-868
    • Gagneux, P.1    Boesch, C.2    Woodruff, D.S.3
  • 26
    • 84978162372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-locus study for detection of cryptosporidium species isolated from calves population, Liverpool, UK
    • Ghaffari, S., Kalantari, N., Hart, C.A., A multi-locus study for detection of cryptosporidium species isolated from calves population, Liverpool, UK. Int. J. Mol. Cell Med. 3 (2014), 35–42.
    • (2014) Int. J. Mol. Cell Med. , vol.3 , pp. 35-42
    • Ghaffari, S.1    Kalantari, N.2    Hart, C.A.3
  • 28
    • 35949001985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of transmission intensity on the accuracy of genotyping to distinguish recrudescence from new infection in antimalarial clinical trials
    • Greenhouse, B., Dokomajilar, C., Hubbard, A., Rosenthal, P.J., Dorsey, G., Impact of transmission intensity on the accuracy of genotyping to distinguish recrudescence from new infection in antimalarial clinical trials. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51 (2007), 3096–3103.
    • (2007) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.51 , pp. 3096-3103
    • Greenhouse, B.1    Dokomajilar, C.2    Hubbard, A.3    Rosenthal, P.J.4    Dorsey, G.5
  • 29
    • 84878140803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive intra-host genetic diversity uncovered in Cryptosporidium parvum using Next Generation Sequencing
    • Grinberg, A., Biggs, P.J., Dukkipati, V.S., George, T.T., Extensive intra-host genetic diversity uncovered in Cryptosporidium parvum using Next Generation Sequencing. Infect. Genet. Evol. 15 (2013), 18–24.
    • (2013) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 18-24
    • Grinberg, A.1    Biggs, P.J.2    Dukkipati, V.S.3    George, T.T.4
  • 30
    • 84943172722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes and telomeric gene duplications in Cryptosporidium parvum
    • Guo, Y., Tang, K., Rowe, L.A., Li, N., Roellig, D.M., Knipe, K., Frace, M., Yang, C., Feng, Y., Xiao, L., Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes and telomeric gene duplications in Cryptosporidium parvum. BMC Genomics, 16, 2015, 320.
    • (2015) BMC Genomics , vol.16 , pp. 320
    • Guo, Y.1    Tang, K.2    Rowe, L.A.3    Li, N.4    Roellig, D.M.5    Knipe, K.6    Frace, M.7    Yang, C.8    Feng, Y.9    Xiao, L.10
  • 31
    • 84880730954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First description of heterogeneity in 18S rRNA genes in the haploid genome of Cryptosporidium andersoni Kawatabi type
    • Ikarashi, M., Fukuda, Y., Honma, H., Kasai, K., Kaneta, Y., Nakai, Y., First description of heterogeneity in 18S rRNA genes in the haploid genome of Cryptosporidium andersoni Kawatabi type. Vet. Parasitol. 196 (2013), 220–224.
    • (2013) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.196 , pp. 220-224
    • Ikarashi, M.1    Fukuda, Y.2    Honma, H.3    Kasai, K.4    Kaneta, Y.5    Nakai, Y.6
  • 32
    • 79952040950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New view on the age-specificity of pig Cryptosporidium by species-specific primers for distinguishing Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II
    • Jenikova, M., Nemejc, K., Sak, B., Kvetonova, D., Kvac, M., New view on the age-specificity of pig Cryptosporidium by species-specific primers for distinguishing Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II. Vet. Parasitol. 176 (2011), 120–125.
    • (2011) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.176 , pp. 120-125
    • Jenikova, M.1    Nemejc, K.2    Sak, B.3    Kvetonova, D.4    Kvac, M.5
  • 33
    • 76749100588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perils of PCR: can we accurately ’correct’ antimalarial trials?
    • Juliano, J.J., Gadalla, N., Sutherland, C.J., Meshnick, S.R., The perils of PCR: can we accurately ’correct’ antimalarial trials?. Trends Parasitol. 26 (2010), 119–124.
    • (2010) Trends Parasitol. , vol.26 , pp. 119-124
    • Juliano, J.J.1    Gadalla, N.2    Sutherland, C.J.3    Meshnick, S.R.4
  • 35
    • 40949099137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations on Cryptosporidium life cycle stages during excystation
    • Karanis, P., Kimura, A., Nagasawa, H., Igarashi, I., Suzuki, N., Observations on Cryptosporidium life cycle stages during excystation. J. Parasitol. 94 (2008), 298–300.
    • (2008) J. Parasitol. , vol.94 , pp. 298-300
    • Karanis, P.1    Kimura, A.2    Nagasawa, H.3    Igarashi, I.4    Suzuki, N.5
  • 36
    • 84884269485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplication of the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system
    • Koh, W., Clode, P.L., Monis, P., Thompson, R.C., Multiplication of the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system. Parasit. Vectors, 6, 2013, 270.
    • (2013) Parasit. Vectors , vol.6 , pp. 270
    • Koh, W.1    Clode, P.L.2    Monis, P.3    Thompson, R.C.4
  • 38
    • 33846642541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating true antimalarial efficacy by heteroduplex tracking assay in patients with complex Plasmodium falciparum infections
    • Kwiek, J.J., Alker, A.P., Wenink, E.C., Chaponda, M., Kalilani, L.V., Meshnick, S.R., Estimating true antimalarial efficacy by heteroduplex tracking assay in patients with complex Plasmodium falciparum infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51 (2007), 521–527.
    • (2007) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.51 , pp. 521-527
    • Kwiek, J.J.1    Alker, A.P.2    Wenink, E.C.3    Chaponda, M.4    Kalilani, L.V.5    Meshnick, S.R.6
  • 39
    • 49449104278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Plasmodium falciparum mixed infections on in vitro antimalarial drug tests and genotyping
    • Liu, S., Mu, J., Jiang, H., Su, X.Z., Effects of Plasmodium falciparum mixed infections on in vitro antimalarial drug tests and genotyping. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 79 (2008), 178–184.
    • (2008) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.79 , pp. 178-184
    • Liu, S.1    Mu, J.2    Jiang, H.3    Su, X.Z.4
  • 40
    • 84988390931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic and mucosal immune responses to -vaccine development
    • Ludington, J.G., Ward, H.D., Systemic and mucosal immune responses to -vaccine development. Curr. Trop. Med. Rep. 2 (2015), 171–180.
    • (2015) Curr. Trop. Med. Rep. , vol.2 , pp. 171-180
    • Ludington, J.G.1    Ward, H.D.2
  • 41
    • 0037381370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structures and the role of genetic exchange in the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum
    • Mallon, M., Macleod, A., Wastling, J., Smith, H., Reilly, B., Tait, A., Population structures and the role of genetic exchange in the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Mol. Evol. 56 (2003), 407–417.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.56 , pp. 407-417
    • Mallon, M.1    Macleod, A.2    Wastling, J.3    Smith, H.4    Reilly, B.5    Tait, A.6
  • 42
    • 84978162408 scopus 로고
    • The new species concept
    • L.C. Dunne Columbia Biological Series, Columbia University Press New York, USA
    • Mayr, E., The new species concept. Dunne, L.C., (eds.) Systematics and the origin of species (Fourth printing, 1949), 1942, Columbia Biological Series, Columbia University Press, New York, USA, 102–122.
    • (1942) Systematics and the origin of species (Fourth printing, 1949) , pp. 102-122
    • Mayr, E.1
  • 43
    • 0030891167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escape of human immunodeficiency virus from immune control
    • Mcmichael, A.J., Phillips, R.E., Escape of human immunodeficiency virus from immune control. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15 (1997), 271–296.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.15 , pp. 271-296
    • Mcmichael, A.J.1    Phillips, R.E.2
  • 46
    • 39649095869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population structure of the Cryptosporidium parvum population in Scotland: a complex picture
    • Morrison, L.J., Mallon, M.E., Smith, H.V., Macleod, A., Xiao, L., Tait, A., The population structure of the Cryptosporidium parvum population in Scotland: a complex picture. Infect. Genet. Evol. 8 (2008), 121–129.
    • (2008) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 121-129
    • Morrison, L.J.1    Mallon, M.E.2    Smith, H.V.3    Macleod, A.4    Xiao, L.5    Tait, A.6
  • 47
    • 33747374068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular fingerprinting of Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated during water monitoring
    • Nichols, R.A., Campbell, B.M., Smith, H.V., Molecular fingerprinting of Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated during water monitoring. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (2006), 5428–5435.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.72 , pp. 5428-5435
    • Nichols, R.A.1    Campbell, B.M.2    Smith, H.V.3
  • 48
    • 84922756214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Sanger and next generation sequencing performance for genotyping Cryptosporidium isolates at the 18S rRNA and actin loci
    • Paparini, A., Gofton, A., Yang, R., White, N., Bunce, M., Ryan, U.M., Comparison of Sanger and next generation sequencing performance for genotyping Cryptosporidium isolates at the 18S rRNA and actin loci. Exp. Parasitol. 151–152 (2015), 21–27.
    • (2015) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.151-152 , pp. 21-27
    • Paparini, A.1    Gofton, A.2    Yang, R.3    White, N.4    Bunce, M.5    Ryan, U.M.6
  • 51
    • 84906536689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive clonality in protozoan pathogens—truth or artefact?
    • Ramírez, J.D., Llewellyn, M.S., Reproductive clonality in protozoan pathogens—truth or artefact?. Mol. Ecol. 23 (2014), 4195–4202.
    • (2014) Mol. Ecol. , vol.23 , pp. 4195-4202
    • Ramírez, J.D.1    Llewellyn, M.S.2
  • 52
    • 84926204000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of a fragment size analysis tool for identification of Cryptosporidium species and gp60 alleles infecting domestic ruminants
    • Ramo, A., Quilez, J., Del Cacho, E., Sanchez-Acedo, C., Optimization of a fragment size analysis tool for identification of Cryptosporidium species and gp60 alleles infecting domestic ruminants. Vet. Parasitol. 205 (2014), 466–471.
    • (2014) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.205 , pp. 466-471
    • Ramo, A.1    Quilez, J.2    Del Cacho, E.3    Sanchez-Acedo, C.4
  • 53
    • 84959440125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-species diversity and panmictic structure of Cryptosporidium parvum populations in cattle farms in Northern Spain
    • e0148811
    • Ramo, A., Quílez, J., Monteagudo, L., Del Cacho, E., Sánchez-Acedo, C., Intra-species diversity and panmictic structure of Cryptosporidium parvum populations in cattle farms in Northern Spain. PLoS One, 11, 2016, e0148811.
    • (2016) PLoS One , vol.11
    • Ramo, A.1    Quílez, J.2    Monteagudo, L.3    Del Cacho, E.4    Sánchez-Acedo, C.5
  • 54
    • 0036136488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium parvum mixed genotypes detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
    • Reed, C., Sturbaum, G.D., Hoover, P.J., Sterling, C.R., Cryptosporidium parvum mixed genotypes detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (2002), 427–429.
    • (2002) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.68 , pp. 427-429
    • Reed, C.1    Sturbaum, G.D.2    Hoover, P.J.3    Sterling, C.R.4
  • 55
    • 0034425487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-isolate heterogeneity and reproducibility of PCR-based genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum using the -tubulin gene
    • Rochelle, P.A., De Leon, R., Atwill, E.R., Intra-isolate heterogeneity and reproducibility of PCR-based genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum using the -tubulin gene. Quant. Microbiol. 2 (2000), 87–101.
    • (2000) Quant. Microbiol. , vol.2 , pp. 87-101
    • Rochelle, P.A.1    De Leon, R.2    Atwill, E.R.3
  • 57
    • 84878134382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection of Cryptosporidium and the resolution of mixtures of species and genotypes from water
    • Ruecker, N.J., Matsune, J.C., Lapen, D.R., Topp, E., Edge, T.A., Neumann, N.F., The detection of Cryptosporidium and the resolution of mixtures of species and genotypes from water. Infect. Genet. Evol. 15 (2013), 3–9.
    • (2013) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 3-9
    • Ruecker, N.J.1    Matsune, J.C.2    Lapen, D.R.3    Topp, E.4    Edge, T.A.5    Neumann, N.F.6
  • 59
    • 84912029299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs
    • Ryan, U., Fayer, R., Xiao, L., Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs. Parasitology 141 (2014), 1667–1685.
    • (2014) Parasitology , vol.141 , pp. 1667-1685
    • Ryan, U.1    Fayer, R.2    Xiao, L.3
  • 60
    • 0842302433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The species problem in protozoa revisited
    • Schlegel, M., Meisterfeld, R., The species problem in protozoa revisited. Eur. J. Protistology 39 (2003), 349–355.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Protistology , vol.39 , pp. 349-355
    • Schlegel, M.1    Meisterfeld, R.2
  • 61
    • 84900427216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections with multiple Cryptosporidium species and new genetic variants in young dairy calves on a farm located within a drinking water catchment area in New Zealand
    • Shrestha, R.D., Grinberg, A., Dukkipati, V.S., Pleydell, E.J., Prattley, D.J., French, N.P., Infections with multiple Cryptosporidium species and new genetic variants in young dairy calves on a farm located within a drinking water catchment area in New Zealand. Vet. Parasitol. 202 (2014), 287–291.
    • (2014) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.202 , pp. 287-291
    • Shrestha, R.D.1    Grinberg, A.2    Dukkipati, V.S.3    Pleydell, E.J.4    Prattley, D.J.5    French, N.P.6
  • 62
    • 33748309414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium species found in cattle: a proposal for a new species
    • Slapeta, J., Cryptosporidium species found in cattle: a proposal for a new species. Trends Parasitol. 22 (2006), 469–474.
    • (2006) Trends Parasitol. , vol.22 , pp. 469-474
    • Slapeta, J.1
  • 65
    • 0030067991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR
    • Suzuki, M.T., Giovannoni, S.J., Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 (1996), 625–630.
    • (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.62 , pp. 625-630
    • Suzuki, M.T.1    Giovannoni, S.J.2
  • 66
    • 40049095194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity of malaria transmission and the spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistant malaria: a review of epidemiologic field evidence
    • Talisuna, A.O., Okello, P.E., Erhart, A., Coosemans, M., D'alessandro, U., Intensity of malaria transmission and the spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistant malaria: a review of epidemiologic field evidence. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77 (2007), 170–180.
    • (2007) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.77 , pp. 170-180
    • Talisuna, A.O.1    Okello, P.E.2    Erhart, A.3    Coosemans, M.4    D'alessandro, U.5
  • 68
    • 0141783687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genotypically mixed Cryptosporidium parvum populations in humans and calves
    • Tanriverdi, S., Arslan, M.O., Akiyoshi, D.E., Tzipori, S., Widmer, G., Identification of genotypically mixed Cryptosporidium parvum populations in humans and calves. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 130 (2003), 13–22.
    • (2003) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.130 , pp. 13-22
    • Tanriverdi, S.1    Arslan, M.O.2    Akiyoshi, D.E.3    Tzipori, S.4    Widmer, G.5
  • 69
    • 33846996816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic crosses in the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum define recombination parameters
    • Tanriverdi, S., Blain, J.C., Deng, B., Ferdig, M.T., Widmer, G., Genetic crosses in the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum define recombination parameters. Mol. Microbiol. 63 (2007), 1432–1439.
    • (2007) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.63 , pp. 1432-1439
    • Tanriverdi, S.1    Blain, J.C.2    Deng, B.3    Ferdig, M.T.4    Widmer, G.5
  • 71
    • 84950251150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections
    • In press
    • Thompson, R.C., Ash, A., Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections. Infect. Genet. Evol., 2015, 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.09.028 In press.
    • (2015) Infect. Genet. Evol.
    • Thompson, R.C.1    Ash, A.2
  • 72
    • 84901333443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis genetic variability: cryptic biological species or clonal near-clades?
    • e1003908
    • Tibayrenc, M., Ayala, F.J., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis genetic variability: cryptic biological species or clonal near-clades?. PLoS Pathog., 10, 2014, e1003908.
    • (2014) PLoS Pathog. , vol.10
    • Tibayrenc, M.1    Ayala, F.J.2
  • 73
    • 84877142163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordance in drug resistance-associated mutation patterns in marker genes of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi during coinfections
    • Tyagi, R.K., Das, M.K., Singh, S.S., Sharma, Y.D., Discordance in drug resistance-associated mutation patterns in marker genes of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi during coinfections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68 (2013), 1081–1088.
    • (2013) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.68 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Tyagi, R.K.1    Das, M.K.2    Singh, S.S.3    Sharma, Y.D.4
  • 74
    • 0020570528 scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans
    • Tzipori, S., Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans. Microbiol. Rev. 47 (1986), 84–96.
    • (1986) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.47 , pp. 84-96
    • Tzipori, S.1
  • 75
    • 0032471587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history and biology of Cryptosporidium parvum
    • Tzipori, S., Griffiths, J.K., Natural history and biology of Cryptosporidium parvum. Adv. Parasitol. 40 (1998), 5–36.
    • (1998) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.40 , pp. 5-36
    • Tzipori, S.1    Griffiths, J.K.2
  • 76
    • 0036674105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis: biology, pathogenesis and disease
    • Tzipori, S., Ward, H., Cryptosporidiosis: biology, pathogenesis and disease. Microbes Infect. 4 (2002), 1047–1058.
    • (2002) Microbes Infect. , vol.4 , pp. 1047-1058
    • Tzipori, S.1    Ward, H.2
  • 78
    • 79960387730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescence analysis detects gp60 subtype diversity in Cryptosporidium infections
    • Waldron, L.S., Power, M.L., Fluorescence analysis detects gp60 subtype diversity in Cryptosporidium infections. Infect. Genet. Evol. 11 (2011), 1388–1395.
    • (2011) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 1388-1395
    • Waldron, L.S.1    Power, M.L.2
  • 80
    • 0032471397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum
    • Widmer, G., Genetic heterogeneity and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum. Adv. Parasitol. 40 (1998), 223–239.
    • (1998) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.40 , pp. 223-239
    • Widmer, G.1
  • 81
    • 78049306663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of single- and multilocus genetic diversity in the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis
    • Widmer, G., Lee, Y., Comparison of single- and multilocus genetic diversity in the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76 (2010), 6639–6644.
    • (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.76 , pp. 6639-6644
    • Widmer, G.1    Lee, Y.2
  • 83
    • 84926421201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of natural and propagated isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, C. hominis and C. meleagridis
    • Widmer, G., Ras, R., Chalmers, R.M., Elwin, K., Desoky, E., Badawy, A., Population structure of natural and propagated isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, C. hominis and C. meleagridis. Environ. Microbiol. 17 (2015), 984–993.
    • (2015) Environ. Microbiol. , vol.17 , pp. 984-993
    • Widmer, G.1    Ras, R.2    Chalmers, R.M.3    Elwin, K.4    Desoky, E.5    Badawy, A.6
  • 86
    • 1642515713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health
    • Xiao, L., Fayer, R., Ryan, U., Upton, S.J., Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17 (2004), 72–97.
    • (2004) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 72-97
    • Xiao, L.1    Fayer, R.2    Ryan, U.3    Upton, S.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.