Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Meeting at Manson House, London, 11 December 1997. Unstable malaria in Sudan: The influence of the dry season clone multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in individuals exposed to variable levels of disease transmission

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 92, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 580-585

  Arnot, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Clones; Epidemiology; Genetics; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Sudan

Indexed keywords

RAIN;

CLONE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; GENOTYPE; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; INFECTION RATE; INOCULATION; MALARIA; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEASON; SUDAN; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; GENETICS; HEALTH; MALARIA FALCIPARUM; METHODOLOGY;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PROTOZOA;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RAIN; RURAL HEALTH; SEASONS; SUDAN;

EID: 0032195834     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90773-8     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (52)

1. Al-Yaman, F., Genton, B., Reeder, J. C., Anders, R. F., Smith, T. & Alpers, M. P. (1997). Reduced risk of clinical malaria in children infected with multiple clones of Plasmodium falciparum in a highly endemic area: a prospective community study. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91, 602-605.
2. Arnot, D. E. & Gull, K. (1998). The Plasmodium cell cycle: facts and questions. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 92, 361-365.
3. Arnot, D. E., Roper, C. & Bayoumi, R. A. L. (1993). Digital codes from hypervariable tandemly repeated DNA sequences in the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite gene can genetically barcode isolates. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 61, 15-24.
4. Babiker, H. A., Creasey, A. M., Fenton, B., Bayoumi, R. A. L., Arnot, D. E. & Walliker, D. (1991a). Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern Sudan. 1. Diversity of enzymes, 2D-PAGE proteins and antigens. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 572-577.
5. Babiker, H. A., Creasey, A. M., Bayoumi, R. A., Walliker, D. & Arnot, D. E. (1991b). Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern Sudan. 2. Drug resistance, molecular karyotypes and the mar1 genotype of recent isolates. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 578-583.
6. Babiker, H. A., Lines, J., Hill, W. G. & Walliker, D. (1997). Population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in villages with different malaria endemicity in East Africa. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 141-147.
7. Bayoumi, R. A. L., Creasey, A. M., Babiker, H. A., Carlton, J. M.-R., Sultan, A. A., Satti, G., Sohal, A. K., Walliker, D., Jensen, J. B. & Arnot, D. E. (1993). Drug response and genetic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum clones recently isolated from a Sudanese village. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 454-459.
8. Beck, H.-P., Felger, I., Huber, W., Steiger, S., Smith,T., Weiss, N., Alonso, P. & Tanner, M. (1997). Analysis of multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections in Tanzanian children during the phase III trial of malaria vaccine Spf66. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 175, 921-926.
9. Beier, J. C., Onyango, F. K., Koros, J. K., Ramadhan, M., Ogwang, R., Wirtz, R. A., Koech, D. K. & Roberts, C. R. (1991). Quantitation of malaria sporozoites transmitted in vitro during salivation by wild Afro-tropical Anopheles. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 5, 71-79.
10. Beier, J. C., Oster, C. N., Onyango, F. K., Bales, J. D., Sherwood, J. A., Perkins, P. V., Chumo, D. K., Koech, D. V., Whitmire, R. E., Roberts, C. R., Diggs, C. L. & Hoffman, S. L. (1994). Plasmodium falciparum incidence relative to entomological inoculation rates at a site proposed for testing malaria vaccines in western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 529-536.
11. Bottius, E., Guanzirolli, A., Trape, J.-F., Rogier, C., Konate, L. & Druilhe, P. (1996). Malaria: even more chronic in nature than previously thought; evidence for subpatent parasitaemia detectable by the polymerase chain reaction. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90, 15-19.
12. Bull, P. C., Lowe, B. S., Kortok, M., Molyneux C. S., Newbold, C. I. & Marsh, K. (1998). Parasite antigens on the infected red cell surface are targets for naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Nature Medicine, 4, 358-360.
13. Burkot, T. R. & Graves, P. M. (1995). The value of vector based estimates of malaria transmission. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 89, 125-134.
14. Burkot, T. R., Graves, P. M., Paru, R., Wirtz, R. A. & Haywood, P. F. (1988). Human malaria transmission studies in the Anopheles punctulatus complex in Papua New Guinea: sporozoite rates, inoculation rates and sporozoite densities. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 39, 135-144.
15. Carter, R. & McGregor, I. A. (1973). Enzyme variation in Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67, 830-837.
16. Cattani, J. A., Tulloch, J. L., Vrbova, H., Jolley, D., Gibson, F. D., Moir, J. S., Heywood, P. F., Alpers, M. P., Stevenson, A. & Clancy, R. (1986). The epidemiology of malaria in a population surrounding Madang, Papua New Guinea. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 35, 3-15.
17. Cavanagh, D. R., Elhassan, I. M., Roper, C., Robinson, V. J., Giha, H., Holder, A. A., Hviid, L., Theander, T. G., Arnot, D. E. & McBride, J. S. (1998). A longitudinal study of type-specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 in an area of unstable malaria in Sudan. Journal of Immunology, 161, 347-359.
18. Cerami, C., Frevert, U., Sinnis, P., Takacs, B., Clavijo, P., Santos, M. J. & Nussenzweig, R. (1992). The basolateral domain of the hepatocyte plasma membrane bears receptors for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Cell, 70, 1021-1033.
19. Chen, Q., Lawrence, G., Reed, C., Stowers, A., Ranford-Cartwright, L., Creasey, A., Carter, R. & Saul, A. (1997). Measurement of Plasmodium falciparum growth rates in vivo: a test of malaria vaccines. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 57, 495-500.
20. Contamin, H., Fandeur, T., Bonnefoy, S., Konate, L., Trape, J.-F. & Mercereau-Puijalon, O. (1996). Different genetic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected during successive clinical episodes in Senegalese children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 632-643.
21. Conway, D. J., Greenwood, B. M. & McBride, J. S. (1991). The epidemiology of multiple clone Plasmodium falciparum infections in Gambian patients. Parasitology, 103, 1-6.
22. Daubersies, P., Sallenave-Sales, S., Magne, S., Trape, J.-F., Contamin, H., Fandeur, T., Rogier, C., Mercereau-Puijalon, O. & Druihle, P. (1996). Rapid turnover of Plasmodium falciparum populations in asymptomatic individuals living in a high transmission area. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 18-26.
23. Druihle, P., Daubersies, P., Patarapotikul, J., Gentil, C., Chene, L., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T., Mellouk, S. & Langsley, G. (1998). A primary malarial infection is composed of a very wide range of genetically diverse but related parasites. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 101, 2008-2016.
24. El Hassan, I. M., Hviid, L., Jacobsen, P. H., Giha, H., Satti, G. M. H., Arnot, D. E., Jensen, J. B. & Theander, T. G. (1995). High proportion of subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infections in an area of seasonal and unstable malaria transmission in Sudan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 51, 78-83.
25. Engelbrecht, F., Felger, I., Genton, B., Alpers, M. and Beck, H.-P. (1995). Plasmodium falciparum: malaria morbidity is associated with specific merozoite surface antigen 2 genotypes. Experimental Parasitology, 81, 90-96.
26. Farnert, A., Snounou, G., Rooth, I. & Björkman, A. (1997). Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 538-547.
27. Felger, I., Tavul, L., Kabatnik, S., Marshall, V., Genton, B., Alpers, M. and Beck, H.-P. (1994). Plasmodium falciparum: extensive polymorphism in an area with endemic malaria in Papua New Guinea. Experimental Parasitology, 79, 106-116.
28. Fontenille, D., Lochouarn, L., Diagne, N., Sokhna, C., Lemasson, J.-J., Diatta, M., Konate, L., Faye, F., Rogier, C. & Trape, J.-F. (1997). High annual and seasonal variations in malaria transmission by anophelines and vector species composition in Dielmo, a holoendemic area in Senegal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 247-253.
29. Frevert, U., Galinski, M. R., Hugel, F.-U., Allon, N., Schreier, H., Smulevitch, S., Shakibaei, M. & Clavijo, P. (1998). Malaria circumsporozoite protein inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells. EMBO Journal, 17, 3816-3826.
30. Giha, H. A., Theander, T. G., Staalso, T., Roper, C., Elhassan, I. M., Babiker, H., Satti, G. M. H., Arnot, D. E. & Hviid, L. (1998). Seasonal variation in agglutination of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58, 399-405.
31. Gu, W.-D. (1995). Estimating sporozoite rates by examining pooled samples of mosquitoes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89, 359-360.
32. Hill, W. G. & Babiker, H. A. (1995). Estimation of number of malaria clones in blood samples. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences, 262, 249-257.
33. Hill, W. G., Babiker, H. A., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C. & Walliker, D. (1995). Estimation of inbreeding coefficients from genotypic data on multiple alleles, and application to estimation of clonality in malaria parasites. Genetical Research, 65, 53-61.
34. Lindsay, S. W., Campbell, H., Adiamah, J. H., Greenwood, A. M., Bangali, J. E. & Greenwood, B. M. (1990). Malaria in a peri-urban area of The Gambia. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 84, 553-562.
35. Mercereau-Puijalon, O. (1996). Revisiting host/parasite interactions: molecular analysis of parasites collected during longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys in humans. Parasite Immunology, 18, 173-180.
36. Ntoumi, F., Contamin, H., Rogier, C., Bonnefoy, S., Trape, J.-F. & Mercereau-Puijalon, O. (1995). Age-dependent carriage of multiple Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-2 alleles in asymptomatic malaria infections. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52, 81-88.
37. Paul, R. E. L., Packer, M. J., Walmsley, M., Lagog, M., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., Paru, R. & Day, K. P. (1995). Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science, 269, 1709-1711.
38. Paul, R. E. L., Hackford, I., Brockman, A., Muller-Graf, C., Price, R., Luxemburger, C., White, N. J., Nosten, F. & Day, K. P. (1998). Transmission intensity and Plasmodium falciparum diversity on the northwestern border of Thailand. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58, 195-203.
39. Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., Balfe, P., Carter, R. & Walliker, D. (1993). Frequency of cross-fertilization in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology, 107, 11-18.
40. Rickman, L. S., Jones, T. R., Long, G. W., Paparello, S., Schneider, I., Paul, C. F., Beadoin, R. L. & Hoffman, S. L. (1990). Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes inconsistently transmit malaria to humans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 43, 441-445.
41. Roper, C., Elhassan, I. M., Hviid, L., Giha, H., Richardson, W., Babiker, H., Satti, G. M. H., Theander, T. G. & Arnot, D. E. (1996). Detection of very low level Plasmodium falciparum infections using the nested polymerase chain reaction and a reassessment of the epidemiology of unstable malaria in Sudan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 325-331.
42. Roper, C., Richardson, W., Elhassan, I. M., Giha, H., Hviid, L., Satti, G. M. H., Theander, T. G. & Arnot, D. E. (1998). Seasonal change in the Plasmodium falciparum population in individuals and its relationship to clinical malaria in an area of unstable transmission in Sudan. Parasitology, 116, 501-510.
43. Smith, T., Charlwood, J. D., Kihonda, J., Mwankusye, S., Billingsley, P., Meuwisson, J., Lyimo, E., Takken, W., Teuscher, T. & Tanner, M. (1993). Absence of seasonal variation in malaria parasitaemia in an area of intense seasonal transmission. Acta Tropica, 54, 55-72.
44. Snounou, G., Viriyakosol, S., Zhu, X., Jarra, W., Pinheiro, L., do Rosario, V. E., Thaithong, S. & Brown, K. N. (1993). High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 61, 315-320.
45. Staalsoe,T. & Hviid, L. (1998). The role of variant-specific immunity in asymptomatic malaria infections - maintaining a fine balance. Parasitology Today, 14, 177-178.
46. Taylor, L. H., Mackinnon, M. J. & Read, A. F. (1998). Virulence of mixed-clone and single-clone infections of the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi. Evolution, 52, 583-591.
47. Thaithong, S., Beale, G. H., Fenton, B., McBride, J., Rosario, V.,Walker, A. & Walliker, D. (1984). Clonal diversity in a single isolate of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78, 242-245.
48. Thomson, M. C., D'Alessandro, U., Bennett, S., Connor, S. J., Langerock, P., Jawara, M., Todd, J. & Greenwood, B. M. (1994). Malaria prevalence is inversely related to vector density in The Gambia, West Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 638-643.
49. Trager, W., Tershakovec, M., Lyandvert, L., Stanley, H., Lanners, N. & Gubert, E. (1981). Clones of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum obtained by microscopic selection: their characterization with regard to knobs, chloroquine sensitivity, and formation of gametocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 78, 652-653.
50. Trape, J. F. (1985). Rapid evaluation of malaria parasite density and standardization of thick smear examination for epidemiological investigations. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 79, 181-184.
51. Walliker, D. (1983). The genetic basis of diversity in malaria parasites. Advances in Parasitology, 22, 217-258.
52. Walliker, D., Quakyi, I. A., Wellems, T. E., McCutchan, T. F., Szarfman, A., London, W. T., Corcoran, L. M., Burkot, T. R. & Carter, R. (1987). Genetic analysis of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Science, 236, 1661-1666.