Stroke, multimorbidity and polypharmacy in a nationally representative sample of 1,424,378 patients in Scotland: Implications for treatment burden

BMC Medicine

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Gallacher, Katie I ^a   Batty, G David ^b,c   McLean, Gary ^a   Mercer, Stewart W ^a   Guthrie, Bruce ^d   May, Carl R ^e   Langhorne, Peter ^a   Mair, Frances S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; POLYPHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; SCOTLAND; SCOTSMAN; SOCIOECONOMICS; ADOLESCENT; CHRONIC DISEASE; COST OF ILLNESS; ECONOMICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH CARE COST; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; COST OF ILLNESS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYPHARMACY; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; SCOTLAND; STROKE;

EID: 84961291961     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0151-0     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B: Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2012, 380:37-43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.
2. Valderas JM, Starfield B, Sibbald B, Salisbury C, Roland M: Defining comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services. Ann Fam Med 2009, 7:357-363. doi:10.1370/afm.983.
3. May C, Montori VM, Mair FS: We need minimally disruptive medicine. BMJ 2009, 339:b2803.
4. Hughes LD, McMurdo MET, Guthrie B: Guidelines for people not for diseases: the challenges of applying UK clinical guidelines to people with multimorbidity. Age Ageing 2013, 42:62-69.
5. Eton DT, Ramalho-de Oliveira D, Egginton JS, Ridgeway JL, Odell L, May CR, Montori VM: Building a measurement framework of burden of treatment in complex patients with chronic conditions: a qualitative study. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2012, 3:39-49.
6. Gallacher K, May C, Montori VM, Mair FS: Understanding treatment burden in chronic heart failure patients: a qualitative study. Ann Fam Med 2011, 9:235-243.
7. Tran VT, Montori VM, Eton DT, Baruch D, Falissard B, Ravaud P: Development and description of measurement properties of an instrument to assess treatment burden among patients with multiple chronic conditions. BMC Med 2012, 10:68.
8. Jani B, Blane D, Browne S, Montori VM, May CR, Shippee ND, Mair FS: Identifying treatment burden as an important concept for end of life care in those with advanced heart failure. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2013, 7:3-7. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e32835c071f.
9. Shippee ND, Shah ND, May CR, Mair FS, Montori VM: Cumulative complexity: a functional, patient-centered model of patient complexity can improve research and practice. J Clin Epidemiol 2012, 65:1041-1051. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.05.005.
10. Vik SA, Maxwell CJ, Hogan DB: Measurement, correlates, and health outcomes of medication adherence among seniors. Ann Pharmacother 2004, 38:303-312. doi:312.10.1345/aph.1D252.
11. Eton DT, Elraiyah TA, Yost KJ, Ridgeway JL, Johnson A, Egginton JS, Mullan RJ, Murad MH, Erwin PJ, Montori VM: A systematic reviewof patient-reported measures of burden of treatment in three chronic diseases. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2013, 4:7-20.
12. Calderon-Larranaga A, Poblador-Plou B, Gonzalez-Rubio F, Gimeno-Feliu LA, Abad-Diez JM, Prados-Torres A: Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, referrals, and adverse drug events: are we doing things well? Br J Gen Pract 2012, 62:e821-e826. doi:10.3399/bjgp12X659295.
13. Sehgal V, Bajwa SJ, Sehgal R, Bajaj A, Khaira U, Kresse V: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use as the precipitating factor in readmissions to the hospital. J Fam Med Prim Care 2013, 2:194-199. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.117423.
14. Duerden M, Avery T, Payne R: Polypharmacy and Medicines Optimisation: Making It Safe and Sound. [http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/ polypharmacy-and-medicines-optimisation]
15. Fulton MM, Riley Allen E: Polypharmacy in the elderly: a literature review. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2005, 17:123-132.
16. Hajjar ER, Cafiero AC, Hanlon JT: Polypharmacy in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2007, 5:345-351. doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2007.12.002.
17. Viktil KK, Blix HS, Moger TA, Reikvam A: Polypharmacy as commonly defined is an indicator of limited value in the assessment of drug-related problems. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007, 63:187-195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02744.x.
18. Avery AJ, Barber N, Ghaleb M, Franklin BD, Armstrong S, Crowe S, Dhillon S, Freyer A, Howard R, Pezzolesi C, Serumaga B, Swanwick G, Talabi O: Investigating the Prevalence and Causes of Prescribing Errors in General Practice: The PRACtICe Study. GMC Publication; 2012:1-5.
19. Payne RA, Avery AJ, Duerden M, Saunders CL, Simpson CR, Abel GA: Prevalence of polypharmacy in a Scottish primary care population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014, doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1639-9.
20. Lehnert T, Heider D, Leicht H, Heinrich S, Corrieri S, Luppa M, Riedel-Heller S, Konig HH: Review: health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions. Med Care Res Rev 2011, 68:387-420. doi:10.1177/1077558711399580.
21. Taylor AW, Price K, Gill TK, Adams R, Pilkington R, Carrangis N, Shi Z, Wilson D: Multimorbidity -not just an older person's issue. Results from an Australian biomedical study. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:718. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-718.
22. Muggah E, Graves E, Bennett C, Manuel DG: The impact of multiple chronic diseases on ambulatory care use; a population based study in Ontario, Canada. BMC Health Serv Res 2012, 12:452. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-452.
23. Gallacher K, Morrison D, Jani B, Macdonald S, May CR, Montori VM, Erwin PJ, Batty GD, Eton DT, Langhorne P, Majeed A: Uncovering treatment burden as a key concept for stroke care: a systematic review of qualitative research. PLoS Med 2013, 10. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001473.
24. Foley N, McClure JA, Meyer M, Salter K, Bureau Y, Teasell R: Inpatient rehabilitation following stroke: amount of therapy received and associations with functional recovery. Disabil Rehabil 2012, 34:2132-2138.
25. Chatterjee P, Cucchiara BL, Lazarciuc N, Shofer FS, Pines JM: Emergency department crowding and time to care in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 2011, 42:1074-1080.
26. O'Carroll R, Whittaker J, Hamilton B, Johnston M, Sudlow C, Dennis M: Predictors of adherence to secondary preventive medication in stroke patients. Ann Behav Med 2011, 41:383-390.
27. Ostwald SK, Wasserman J, Davis S: Medications, comorbidities, and medical complications in stroke survivors: The CAReS study. Rehabil Nurs 2006, 31:10-14.
28. Berlowitz DR, Hoenig H, Cowper DC, Duncan PW, Vogel WB: Impact of comorbidities on stroke rehabilitation outcomes: does the method matter? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009, 89:1903-1906.
29. Goldstein LB, Samsa GP, Matchar DB, Horner RD: Charlson Index comorbidity adjustment for ischaemic stroke outcome studies. Stroke 2004, 35:1941-1945.
30. van Baal P, Engelfriet P, Boshuizen H, van de Kassteele J, Schellevis F, Hoogenveen R: Co-occurrence of diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cancer: quantifying age patterns in the Dutch population using health survey data. Popul Health Metr 2011, 9:51. doi:10.1186/1478-7954-9-51.
31. Lui M, Domen K, Chino N: Comorbidity measures for stroke outcome research: a preliminary study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997, 78:166-172.
32. Information Services Division Scotland: Stroke statistics update; 2014. [http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Stroke/Publications/2014-01-28/ 2014-01-28-Stroke-Report.pdf?65620058775]
33. Mizokami F, Koide Y, Noro T, Furuta K: Polypharmacy with common diseases in hospitalized elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2012, 10:123-128.
34. Schmidt M, Jacobsen JB, Johnsen SP, Botker HE, Sorensen HT: Eighteen-year trends in stroke mortality and the prognostic influence of comorbidity. Neurology 2014, 82:340-350. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000062.
35. Zhu H, Hill MD: Stroke: the Elixhauser Index for comorbidity adjustment of in-hospital case fatality. Neurology 2008, 71:283-287. doi:10.1212/01. wnl.0000318278.41347.94.
36. Johansen HL, Wielgosz AT, Nguyen K, Fry RN: Incidence, comorbidity, case fatality and readmission of hospitalized stroke patients in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2006, 22:65-71.
37. Elder R, Kirkpatrick M, Ramsay W, MacLeod M, Guthrie B, Sutton M, Watt G: Measuring Quality in Primary Medical Services Using Data from SPICE. Information and Statistics Division, NHS National Services Scotland; 2007.
38. Lis Y, Mann RD: The VAMP Research multi-purpose database in the UK. J Clin Epidemiol 1995, 48:431-443.
39. Carstairs V, Morris R: Deprivation and Health in Scotland. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; 1991.
40. Diederichs C, Berger K, Bartels DB: The measurement of multiple chronic diseases-a systematic review on existing multimorbidity indices. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011, 66:301-311. doi:10.1093/gerona/glq208.
41. Health and Social Care Information Centre: Quality and Outcomes Framework. [http://www.hscic.gov.uk/qof]
42. NHS Health Scotland: NHS Health Scotland. [http://www.healthscotland. com/resources/index.aspx]
43. Huntley AL, Johnson R, Purdy S, Valderas JM, Salisbury C: Measures of multimorbidity and morbidity burden for use in primary care and community settings: a systematic review and guide. Ann Fam Med 2012, 10:134-141. doi:10.1370/afm.1363.
44. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, Bravata DM, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Magid D, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Nichol G, Paynter NP, Schreiner PJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB: Heart disease and stroke statistics update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013, 127:e6-e245.
45. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Stroke Rehabilitation: Long Term Rehabilitation After Stroke (CG162). NICE; 2013.
46. Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, Borus J, Seger AC, Peterson J, Burdick E, Seger DL, Shu K, Federico F, Leape LL, Bates DW: Adverse drug events in ambulatory care. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:1556-1564.
47. Calderón-Larrañaga A, Gimeno-Feliu LA, González-Rubio F, Poblador-Plou B, Lairla-San José M, Abad-Diez JM, Prados-Torres A: Polypharmacy patterns: unravelling systematic associations between prescribed medications. PLoS One 2013, 8:e84967.
48. May CR, Eton DT, Boehmer K, Gallacher K, Hunt KJ, MacDonald S, Mair FS, May CM, Montori VM, Richardson A, Rogers AE, Shippee N: Rethinking the patient: using Burden of Treatment Theory to understand the changing dynamics of illness. BMC Health Serv Res 2014, 14:281.
49. Wood JP, Connelly DM, Maly MR: "Holding me back": living with arthritis while recovering from stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009, 90:494-500.
50. Moroney JT, Tseng CL, Paik MC, Mohr JP, Desmond DW: Treatment for the secondary prevention of stroke in older patients: the influence of dementia status. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999, 47:824-829.
51. Marcum ZA, Gellad WF: Medication adherence to multidrug regimens. Clin Geriatr Med 2012, 28:287-300. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2012.01.008.
52. Tinetti M, Fried TR, Boyd CM: Designing health care for the most common chronic condition-multimorbidity. JAMA 2012, 307:2493-2494.
53. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Strategic Framework Optimum Health and Quality of Life for Individuals with Multiple Chronic Conditions. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010.
54. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network: Management of Patients with Stroke: Rehabilitation, Prevention and Management of Complications, and Discharge Planning no 118. 2010. Available: http://www.sign.ac.uk/ guidelines/fulltext/118/index.html Accessed 6th February 2013.
55. Canadian Stroke Network and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada: Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Care. 2010. http://www. strokebestpractices.ca/.
56. Miller EL, Murray L, Richards L, Zorowitz RD, Bakas T, Clark P, Billinger SA, on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and the Stroke Council: Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary rehabilitation care of the stroke patient: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke 2010, 41:2402-2448.
57. United States Department of Veteran Affairs: Management of Stroke Rehabilitation. 2010 http://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Rehab/stroke/.
58. Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, Fried LP, Boult L, Wu AW: Clinical practice guidelines and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases: Implications for pay for performance. JAMA 2005, 294:716-724. doi:10.1001/jama.294.6.716.
59. Guthrie B, Payne K, Alderson P, McMurdo MET, Mercer SW: Adapting clinical guidelines to take account of multimorbidity. BMJ 2012, 345:e6341.
60. Stange KC: The generalist approach. Ann Fam Med 2009, 7:198-203.
61. Reeve J, Blakeman T, Freeman GK, Green LA, James PA, Lucassen P, Martin CM, Sturmberg JP, van Weel C: Generalist solutions to complex problems: generating practice-based evidence -the example of managing multi-morbidity. BMC Fam Pract 2013, 14:112.
62. Stroke Association: Stroke Statistics. 2013. http://www.stroke.org.uk/resourcesheet/ stroke-statistics.