Cumulative complexity: A functional, patient-centered model of patient complexity can improve research and practice

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Volumn 65, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1041-1051

  Shippee, Nathan D ^a   Shah, Nilay D ^a   May, Carl R ^b   Mair, Frances S ^c   Montori, Victor M ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Access barriers; Adherence; Burden; Chronic conditions; Comorbidity; Outcomes; Patient complexity

Indexed keywords

CUMULATIVE COMPLEXITY MODEL; HEALTH LITERACY; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MORBIDITY; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELF CARE; SOCIAL ASPECT; THEORETICAL MODEL; WORKLOAD;

EID: 84865203094     PISSN: 08954356     EISSN: 18785921     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.05.005     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. J.L. Wolff, B. Starfield, and G. Anderson Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly Arch Intern Med 162 2002 2269 2276 (Pubitemid 35332510)
2. K.A. Paez, L. Zhao, and W. Hwang Rising out-of-pocket spending for chronic conditions: a ten-year trend Health Aff 28 2009 15 25
3. G.F. Anderson Medicare and chronic conditions N Engl J Med 353 2005 305 309 (Pubitemid 41058333)
4. J.M. Naessens, C.L. Leibson, I. Krishan, and D.J. Ballard Contribution of a measure of disease complexity (COMPLEX) to prediction of outcome and charges among hospitalized patients Mayo Clin Proc 67 1992 1140 1149
5. P.A. Taheri, D.A. Butz, and L.J. Greenfield Paying a premium: how patient complexity affects costs and profit margins Ann Surg 229 1999 807
6. D.L. Pollock, and N.E. Rainer Healthcare access: a review of major barriers to health care services for women Georgetown J Gend Law 6 2005 825 858
7. N.K. Arora, P. Johnson, D.H. Gustafson, F. McTavish, R.P. Hawkins, and S. Pingree Barriers to information access, perceived health competence, and psychosocial health outcomes: test of a mediation model in a breast cancer sample Patient Educ Couns 47 2002 37 46 (Pubitemid 34522085)
8. T. Kroll, G.C. Jones, M. Kehn, and M.T. Neri Barriers and strategies affecting the utilisation of primary preventive services for people with physical disabilities: a qualitative inquiry Health Soc Care Community 14 2006 284 293 (Pubitemid 43925199)
9. C.J. Peek, M.A. Baird, and E. Coleman Primary care for patient complexity, not only disease Fam Syst Health 27 2009 287 302
10. M. Safford, J. Allison, and C. Kiefe Patient complexity: more than comorbidity. The vector model of complexity J Gen Intern Med 22 2007 382 390 (Pubitemid 350172453)
11. J. Whittle, and H. Bosworth Studying complexity is complex J Gen Intern Med 22 2007 379 381 (Pubitemid 350172459)
12. R.W. Grant, J.M. Ashburner, C.C. Hong, Y. Chang, M.J. Barry, and S.J. Atlas Defining patient complexity from the primary care physician's perspective: a cohort study Ann Intern Med 155 2011 797 804
13. P.E. Plsek, and T. Greenhalgh The challenge of complexity in health care BMJ 323 2001 625 628 (Pubitemid 32846135)
14. C.F. Kurtz, and D.J. Snowden The new dynamics of strategy: sense-making in a complex and complicated world IBM Syst J 42 2003 462 483
15. R. Nardi, G. Scanelli, S. Corrao, I. Iori, G. Mathieu, and R. Cataldi Amatrian Co-morbidity does not reflect complexity in internal medicine patients Eur J Intern Med 18 2007 359 368 (Pubitemid 47225044)
16. C. May A rational model for assessing and evaluating complex interventions in health care BMC Health Serv Res 6 2006 86
17. J.D. Piette, and E.A. Kerr The impact of comorbid chronic conditions on diabetes care Diabetes Care 29 2006 725 731 (Pubitemid 44115387)
18. J.D. Piette, C. Richardson, and M. Valenstein Addressing the needs of patients with multiple chronic illnesses: the case of diabetes and depression Am J Manag Care 10 2004 152 162 (Pubitemid 38337399)
19. B.J. Turner, and L. Cuttler The complexity of measuring clinical complexity Ann Intern Med 155 2011 851 852
20. B.G. DeRubertis, M. Pierce, R.A. Chaer, S.J. Rhee, R. Benjeloun, and E.J. Ryer Lesion severity and treatment complexity are associated with outcome after percutaneous infra-inguinal intervention J Vasc Surg 46 2007 709 716 (Pubitemid 47454692)
21. K. Bohlen, E. Scoville, N.D. Shippee, C.R. May, and V.M. Montori Overwhelmed patients: a videographic analysis of how patients with type 2 diabetes and clinicians articulate and address treatment burden during clinical encounters Diabetes Care 35 2012 47 49
22. E.A. Bayliss, J.F. Steiner, D.H. Fernald, L.A. Crane, and D.S. Main Descriptions of barriers to self-care by persons with comorbid chronic diseases Ann Fam Med 1 2003 15 21
23. L.E. Boulware, L.A. Cooper, L.E. Ratner, T.A. LaVeist, and N.R. Powe Race and trust in the health care system Public Health Rep 118 2003 358 365 (Pubitemid 36828340)
24. E. Friedman Money isn't everything: nonfinancial barriers to access JAMA 271 1994 1535 1538 (Pubitemid 24138922)
25. S.K. Johnson Hmong health beliefs and experiences in the western health care system J Transcult Nurs 13 2002 126 132
26. M.V. Williams, R.M. Parker, D.W. Baker, N.S. Parikh, K. Pitkin, and W.C. Coates Inadequate functional health literacy among patients at two public hospitals JAMA 274 1995 1677 1682
27. D. Love, and P. Lindquist The geographical accessibility of hospitals to the aged: a geographic information systems analysis within Illinois Health Serv Res 29 1995 629 651
28. A.F. Brown, S.L. Ettner, J. Piette, M. Weinberger, E. Gregg, and M.F. Shapiro Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: a conceptual framework and review of the literature Epidemiol Rev 26 2004 63 77 (Pubitemid 38864738)
29. S.M. Ahmed, J.P. Lemkau, N. Nealeigh, and B. Mann Barriers to healthcare access in a non-elderly urban poor American population Health Soc Care Community 9 2001 445 453 (Pubitemid 33696690)
30. J.T. Kullgren, and C.G. McLaughlin Beyond affordability: the impact of nonfinancial barriers on access for uninsured adults in three diverse communities J Community Health 35 2010 240 248
31. L. Shi, and G.D. Stevens Vulnerability and unmet health care needs J Gen Intern Med 20 2005 148 154
32. K. Davis, K.S. Collins, C. Schoen, and C. Morris Choice matters: enrollees' views of their health plans Health Aff 14 1995 99 112
33. K. Gallacher, C.R. May, V.M. Montori, and F.S. Mair Understanding patients' experiences of treatment burden in chronic heart failure using normalization process theory Ann Fam Med 9 2011 235 243
34. A.E. Joseph, and B.C. Hallman Over the hill and far away: distance as a barrier to the provision of assistance to elderly relatives Soc Sci Med 46 1998 631 639 (Pubitemid 28083251)
35. M.J. Bair, M.S. Matthias, K.A. Nyland, M.A. Huffman, D.L. Stubbs, and K. Kroenke Barriers and facilitators to chronic pain self-management: a qualitative study of primary care patients with comorbid musculoskeletal pain and depression Pain Med 10 2009 1280 1290
36. K.E. Burdick, N. Gunawardane, J.F. Goldberg, J.M. Halperin, J.L. Garno, and A.K. Malhotra Attention and psychomotor functioning in bipolar depression Psychiatry Res 166 2009 192 200
37. M.E. Hartnett, I.J. Key, N.M. Loyacano, R.L. Horswell, and K.B. DeSalvo Perceived barriers to diabetic eye care: qualitative study of patients and physicians Arch Ophthalmol 123 2005 387 391 (Pubitemid 41007586)
38. K. Siegel, V.H. Raveis, P. Houts, and V. Mor Caregiver burden and unmet patient needs Cancer 68 1991 1131 1140
39. C.S. Mackenzie, W.L. Gekoski, and V.J. Knox Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: the influence of help-seeking attitudes Aging Ment Health 10 2006 574 582 (Pubitemid 44581981)
40. J.D. McKellar, K. Humphreys, and J.D. Piette Depression increases diabetes symptoms by complicating patients' self-care adherence Diabetes Educ 30 2004 485 492 (Pubitemid 38843923)
41. S.C. Kalichman, B. Ramachandran, and S. Catz Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapies in HIV patients of low health literacy J Gen Intern Med 14 1999 267 273 (Pubitemid 29226671)
42. W. Katon, J. Russo, E.H.B. Lin, S.R. Heckbert, A.J. Karter, and L.H. Williams Diabetes and poor disease control: is comorbid depression associated with poor medication adherence or lack of treatment intensification? Psychosom Med 71 2009 965 972
43. M.P. Gallant, and C.M. Connell Predictors of decreased self-care among spouse caregivers of older adults with dementing illnesses J Aging Health 9 1997 373 395 (Pubitemid 27327180)
44. J.S. Norbeck, and V.P. Tilden Life stress, social support, and emotional disequilibrium in complications of pregnancy: a prospective, multivariate study J Health Soc Behav 24 1983 30 46 (Pubitemid 13037796)
45. D.A. Murphy, L. Greenwell, and D. Hoffman Factors associated with antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected women with children Women Health 36 2002 97 111 (Pubitemid 35012042)
46. J. Son, A. Erno, D.G. Shea, E.E. Femia, S.H. Zarit, and M.A. Parris Stephens The caregiver stress process and health outcomes J Aging Health 19 2007 871 887 (Pubitemid 350131900)
47. L. Shi Type of health insurance and the quality of primary care experience Am J Public Health 90 2000 1848 1855
48. L. Shi Experience of primary care by racial and ethnic groups in the United States Med Care 37 1999 1068 1077
49. M.T. Oberst, S.H. Hughes, A.S. Chang, and M.A. McCubbin Self-care burden, stress appraisal, and mood among persons receiving radiotherapy Cancer Nurs 14 1991 71 78
50. M.C. Beach, J. Keruly, and R.D. Moore Is the quality of the patient-provider relationship associated with better adherence and health outcomes for patients with HIV? J Gen Intern Med 21 2006 661 665 (Pubitemid 43801500)
51. T. McGuire, K.B. Wells, M.L. Bruce, J. Miranda, R. Scheffler, and M. Durham Burden of illness Ment Health Serv Res 4 2002 179 185 (Pubitemid 36032780)
52. M. Waern, E. Rubenowitz, B. Runeson, I. Skoog, K. Wilhelmson, and P. Allebeck Burden of illness and suicide in elderly people: case-control study BMJ 324 2002 1355
53. M. Gore, N.A. Brandenburg, D.L. Hoffman, K.-S. Tai, and B. Stacey Burden of illness in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: the patients' perspectives J Pain 7 2006 892 900 (Pubitemid 44854739)
54. J.N.G. Oude Elberink, S. van der Heide, G.H. Guyatt, and A.E.J. Dubois Analysis of the burden of treatment in patients receiving an EpiPen for yellow jacket anaphylaxis J Allergy Clin Immunol 118 2006 699 704 (Pubitemid 44301393)
55. S. Carlsson, G. Aus, S. Bergdahl, A. Khatami, P. Lodding, and J. Stranne The excess burden of side-effects from treatment in men allocated to screening for prostate cancer. The Göteborg randomised population-based prostate cancer screening trial Eur J Cancer 47 2011 545 553
56. R.T. Anderson, C.J. Girman, M.D. Pawaskar, F.T. Camacho, J. Calles, and W.S. Kelly Diabetes medication satisfaction tool Diabetes Care 32 2009 51 53
57. G. Flores, M. Abreu, M.A. Olivar, and B. Kastner Access barriers to health care for Latino children Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152 1998 1119 1125 (Pubitemid 28509392)
58. S. Yang, R.L. Zarr, T.A. Kass-Hout, A. Kourosh, and N.R. Kelly Transportation barriers to accessing health care for urban children J Health Care Poor Underserved 17 2006 928 943 (Pubitemid 44952217)
59. S.E. Kelly, C.J. Binkley, W.P. Neace, and B.S. Gale Barriers to care-seeking for children's oral health among low-income caregivers Am J Public Health 95 2005 1345 1351 (Pubitemid 41060530)
60. D.G. Saunders Posttraumatic stress symptom profiles of battered women: a comparison of survivors in two settings Violence Vict 9 1994 31 44 (Pubitemid 24319349)
61. S.J. Huber, G.W. Paulson, and E.C. Shuttleworth Relationship of motor symptoms, intellectual impairment, and depression in Parkinson's disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51 1988 855 858
62. E.W. Gregg, C.M. Mangione, J.A. Cauley, T.J. Thompson, A.V. Schwartz, and K.E. Ensrud Diabetes and incidence of functional disability in older women Diabetes Care 25 2002 61 67 (Pubitemid 41070784)
63. P. Hilton, and S.L. Stanton Urethral pressure measurement by microtransducer: the results in symptom-free women and in those with genuine stress incontinence Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90 1983 919 933 (Pubitemid 13007769)
64. G. Simon, and M. VonKorff Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care Am J Psychiatry 154 1997 1417 1423 (Pubitemid 27415610)
65. R.S. Stern, T. Nijsten, S.R. Feldman, D.J. Margolis, and T. Rolstad Psoriasis is common, carries a substantial burden even when not extensive, and is associated with widespread treatment dissatisfaction J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 9 2004 136 139 (Pubitemid 38457271)
66. E.J. Bennett, C.C. Tennant, C. Piesse, C.-A. Badcock, and J.E. Kellow Level of chronic life stress predicts clinical outcome in irritable bowel syndrome Gut 43 1998 256 261 (Pubitemid 28348331)
67. K. Fukuda, S.E. Straus, I. Hickie, M.C. Sharpe, J.G. Dobbins, A. Komaroff Group. ICFSS The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study Ann Intern Med 121 1994 953 959 (Pubitemid 24370860)
68. M.G. Swain Fatigue in chronic disease Clin Sci 99 2000 1 8 (Pubitemid 30479387)
69. K.R. Chaudhuri, D.G. Healy, and A.H.V. Schapira Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management Lancet Neurol 5 2006 235 245 (Pubitemid 43238347)
70. R.E. Glasgow, D.J. Toobert, and C.D. Gillette Psychosocial barriers to diabetes self-management and quality of life Diabetes Spectr 14 2001 33 41
71. J.E. DeVoe, A. Baez, H. Angier, L. Krois, C. Edlund, and P.A. Carney Insurance + access? Health care: typology of barriers to health care access for low-income families Ann Fam Med 5 2007 511 518 (Pubitemid 350248582)
72. C.L. Timmins The impact of language barriers on the health care of Latinos in the United States: a review of the literature and guidelines for practice J Midwifery Womens Health 47 2002 80 96
73. C. Glenton Chronic back pain sufferers - striving for the sick role Soc Sci Med 57 2003 2243 2252 (Pubitemid 37158002)
74. J.C. Richardson, B.N. Ong, and J. Sim Experiencing chronic widespread pain in a family context: giving and receiving practical and emotional support Sociol Health Illn 29 2007 347 365
75. S.D. Stone Reactions to invisible disability: the experiences of young women survivors of hemorrhagic stroke Disabil Rehabil 27 2005 293 304 (Pubitemid 40711577)
76. T. Parsons The Social System 1991 [1951] Taylor & Francis London, UK
77. A. Leganger, P. Kraft, and E. Rysamb Perceived self-efficacy in health behaviour research: conceptualisation, measurement and correlates Psychol Health 15 2000 51 69
78. H.R. Wagner, B.J. Burns, W.E. Broadhead, K.S.H. Yarnall, A. Sigmon, and B.N. Gaynes Minor depression in family practice: functional morbidity, co-morbidity, service utilization and outcomes Psychol Med 30 2000 1377 1390
79. N. Shippee, N. Shah, M. Williams, J. Moriarty, M. Frye, and J. Ziegenfuss Differences in demographic composition and in work, social, and functional limitations among the populations with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder: results from a nationally representative sample Health Qual Life Outcomes 9 2011 90
80. A. Borkowska, and J.K. Rybakowski Neuropsychological frontal lobe tests indicate that bipolar depressed patients are more impaired than unipolar Bipolar Disord 3 2001 88 94 (Pubitemid 32492596)
81. M.A. Horberg, M.J. Silverberg, L.B. Hurley, W.J. Towner, D.B. Klein, and S. Bersoff-Matcha Effects of depression and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and on clinical outcomes in HIV-infected patients J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47 2008 384 390 (Pubitemid 351619427)
82. W. Katon, C.R. Cantrell, M.C. Sokol, E. Chiao, and J.M. Gdovin Impact of antidepressant drug adherence on comorbid medication use and resource utilization Arch Intern Med 165 2005 2497 2503 (Pubitemid 41720012)
83. E.H.B. Lin, W. Katon, C. Rutter, G.E. Simon, E.J. Ludman, and M. Von Korff Effects of enhanced depression treatment on diabetes self-care Ann Fam Med 4 2006 46 53 (Pubitemid 43243912)
84. P.C. Clark Effects of individual and family hardiness on caregiver depression and fatigue Res Nurs Health 25 2002 37 48
85. C. Golin, F. Isasi, J.B. Bontempi, and E. Eng Secret pills: HIV-positive patients' experiences taking antiretroviral therapy in North Carolina AIDS Educ Prev 14 2002 318 329 (Pubitemid 34977108)
86. C.H. Gibson A concept analysis of empowerment J Adv Nurs 16 1991 354 361
87. B. Riegel, and B. Carlson Facilitators and barriers to heart failure self-care Patient Educ Couns 46 2002 287 295 (Pubitemid 34258052)
88. M.J. Wdowik, P.A. Kendall, and M.A. Harris College students with diabetes: using focus groups and interviews to determine psychosocial issues and barriers to control Diabetes Educ 23 1997 558 562 (Pubitemid 127454661)
89. B. Lundman, and A. Norberg Coping strategies in people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Diabetes Educ 19 1993 198 204
90. K.J. Roberts Barriers to and facilitators of HIV-positive patients' adherence to antiretroviral treatment regimens AIDS Patient Care STDS 14 2000 155 168 (Pubitemid 30185387)
91. A.L. Diamant, R.D. Hays, L.S. Morales, W. Ford, D. Calmes, and S. Asch Delays and unmet need for health care among adult primary care patients in a restructured urban public health system Am J Public Health 94 2004 783 789 (Pubitemid 38560384)
92. M. Stein, S. Crystal, W. Cunningham, A. Ananthanarayanan, R. Andersen, and B. Turner Delays in seeking HIV care due to competing caregiver responsibilities Am J Public Health 90 2000 1138 1140 (Pubitemid 30445371)
93. A. Emslie-Smith, J. Dowall, and A. Morris The problem of polypharmacy in type 2 diabetes Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 3 2003 54 56 (Pubitemid 37045610)
94. H.P. McDonald, A.X. Garg, and R.B. Haynes Interventions to enhance patient adherence to medication prescriptions: scientific review JAMA 288 2002 2868 2879 (Pubitemid 35425073)
95. S. Kripalani, X. Yao, and R.B. Haynes Interventions to enhance medication adherence in chronic medical conditions: a systematic review Arch Intern Med 167 2007 540 549
96. A.J. Claxton, J. Cramer, and C. Pierce A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance Clin Ther 23 2001 1296 1310 (Pubitemid 32804122)
97. Minnesota Department of Human Services MNET: early signs of success. DHS report 051670 2005 State of Minnesota Department of Human Services St. Paul, MN Available at: http://www.dhs.state.mn.us/main/groups/business-partners/ documents/pub/dhs-id-051670.pdf Accessed June 18, 2012
98. Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare Medical assistance transportation program Available at http://matp.pa.gov/ 2012 Accessed June 18, 2012
99. Kentucky Division of Family Support Medical support and benefits branch Available at http://chfs.ky.gov/dcbs/dfs/ 2012 Accessed June 18, 2012
100. S.R. Torres-Harding, L.A. Jason, and R.R. Taylor Fatigue severity, attributions, medical utilization, and symptoms in persons with chronic fatigue J Behav Med 25 2002 99 113 (Pubitemid 37490054)
101. A. Ammassari, A. Antinori, M.S. Aloisi, M.P. Trotta, R. Murri, and L. Bartoli Depressive symptoms, neurocognitive impairment, and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons Psychosomatics 45 2004 394 402 (Pubitemid 39166911)
102. M. Decramer, R. Gosselink, T. Troosters, M. Verschueren, and G. Evers Muscle weakness is related to utilization of health care resources in COPD patients Eur Respir J 10 1997 417 423 (Pubitemid 27063862)
103. A.L. Morgan, F.A. Masoudi, E.P. Havranek, P.G. Jones, and P.N. Peterson Difficulty taking medications, depression, and health status in heart failure patients J Card Fail 12 2006 54 60 (Pubitemid 43267752)
104. J.S. Gonzalez, S.A. Safren, E. Cagliero, D.J. Wexler, L. Delahanty, and E. Wittenberg Depression, self-care, and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 30 2007 2222 2227
105. D. Cukor, D.S. Rosenthal, R.M. Jindal, C.D. Brown, and P.L. Kimmel Depression is an important contributor to low medication adherence in hemodialyzed patients and transplant recipients Kidney Int 75 2009 1223 1229
106. B.G. Druss, K. Rask, and W.J. Katon Major depression, depression treatment and quality of primary medical care Gen Hosp Psychiatry 30 2008 20 25 (Pubitemid 350299502)
107. H. Florez, J. Luo, S. Castillo-Florez, G. Mitsi, J. Hanna, and L. Tamariz Impact of metformin-induced gastrointestinal symptoms on quality of life and adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes Postgrad Med 122 2010 112 120
108. S.T. Lindau, C. Tomori, M.A. McCarville, and C.L. Bennett Improving rates of cervical cancer screening and pap smear follow-up for low-income women with limited health literacy Cancer Invest 19 2001 316 323 (Pubitemid 32374372)
109. J.T. Coyle, D.S. Pine, D.S. Charney, L. Lewis, C.B. Nemeroff, and G.A. Carlson Depression and bipolar support alliance consensus statement on the unmet needs in diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in children and adolescents J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42 2003 1494 1503 (Pubitemid 39585980)
110. J.P. Wisdom, G.N. Clarke, and C.A. Green What teens want: barriers to seeking care for depression Adm Policy Ment Health 33 2006 133 145 (Pubitemid 351839226)
111. M. Sharpe, V. Strong, K. Allen, R. Rush, K. Postma, and A. Tulloh Major depression in outpatients attending a regional cancer centre: screening and unmet treatment needs Br J Cancer 90 2004 314 320 (Pubitemid 38250622)
112. W.H. Crown, S. Finkelstein, E.R. Berndt, D. Ling, A.W. Poret, and A.J. Rush The impact of treatment-resistant depression on health care utilization and costs J Clin Psychiatry 63 2002 963 971 (Pubitemid 35388053)
113. C.L. Dennis Influence of depressive symptomatology on maternal health service utilization and general health Archiv Womens Ment Health 7 2004 183 191
114. M.P. Luber, B.S. Meyers, P.G. Williams-Russo, J.P. Hollenberg, T.N. DiDomenico, and M.E. Charlson Depression and service utilization in elderly primary care patients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 9 2001 169 176 (Pubitemid 32303174)
115. M.E. Alvarenga, R.N. Caniato, A. Mauritz, A. Braun, Y. Aljeesh, and B.T. Baune Health service utilization in patients with major depression and co-morbid pain Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 63 2009 101 106
116. J.P. Lépine, and M. Briley The epidemiology of pain in depression Hum Psychopharmacol 19 2004 S3 S7
117. W. Katon, A.O. Berg, A.J. Robins, and S. Risse Depression-medical utilization and somatization West J Med 144 1986 564 568
118. B.D. Thombs, P. de Jonge, J.C. Coyne, M.A. Whooley, N. Frasure-Smith, and A.J. Mitchell Depression screening and patient outcomes in cardiovascular care: a systematic review JAMA 300 2008 2161 2171
119. B.R. Haynes, A.K. McKibbon, and K. Ronak Systematic review of randomised trials of interventions to assist patients to follow prescriptions for medications Lancet 348 1996 383 386
120. L. Artazcoz, L. Artieda, C. Borrell, I. Corts, J. Benach, and V. García Combining job and family demands and being healthy Eur J Public Health 14 2004 43 48
121. R.B. Malmo, and C. Shagass Physiologic study of symptom mechanisms in psychiatric patients under stress Psychosom Med 11 1949 25 29
122. W. Jiang, J. Alexander, E. Christopher, M. Kuchibhatla, L.H. Gaulden, and M.S. Cuffe Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure Arch Intern Med 161 2001 1849 1856 (Pubitemid 32762729)
123. M. Peyrot, J.F. McMurry Jr., and D.F. Kruger A biopsychosocial model of glycemic control in diabetes: stress, coping and regimen adherence J Health Soc Behav 40 1999 141 158
124. G.E. Umpierrez, S.D. Isaacs, N. Bazargan, X. You, L.M. Thaler, and A.E. Kitabchi Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 2002 978 982 (Pubitemid 36121050)
125. M.R. DiMatteo, P.J. Giordani, H.S. Lepper, and T.W. Croghan Patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes: a meta-analysis Med Care 40 2002 794 811
126. M. Pladevall, L.K. Williams, L.A. Potts, G. Divine, H. Xi, and J. Elston Lafata Clinical outcomes and adherence to medications measured by claims data in patients with diabetes Diabetes Care 27 2004 2800 2805 (Pubitemid 39565040)
127. M.M. McDermott, B. Schmitt, and E. Wallner Impact of medication nonadherence on coronary heart disease outcomes: a critical review Arch Intern Med 157 1997 1921 1929 (Pubitemid 27398356)
128. S. Mannheimer, G. Friedland, J. Matts, C. Child, and M. Chesney The consistency of adherence to antiretroviral therapy predicts biologic outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in clinical trials Clin Infect Dis 34 2002 1115 1121 (Pubitemid 34289685)
129. R.H. Haubrich, S.J. Little, J.S. Currier, D.N. Forthal, C.A. Kemper, G.N. Beall Group tCCT The value of patient-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy in predicting virologic and immunologic response AIDS 13 1999 1099 1107 (Pubitemid 29361401)
130. J. McNabb, J.W. Ross, K. Abriola, C. Turley, C.H. Nightingale, and D.P. Nicolau Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy predicts virologic outcome at an inner-city human immunodeficiency virus clinic Clin Infect Dis 33 2001 700 705 (Pubitemid 32762944)
131. C.J. Gill, J.L. Griffith, D. Jacobson, S. Skinner, S.L. Gorbach, and I.B. Wilson Relationship of HIV viral loads, CD4 counts, and HAART use to health-related quality of life J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30 2002 485 492
132. A. Ammassari, A. Antinori, A. Cozzi-Lepri, M.P. Trotta, G. Nasti, A.L. Ridolfo AdICoNA, Groups tLS Relationship between HAART adherence and adipose tissue alterations J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31 2002 S140 S144
133. J.N. Rasmussen, A. Chong, and D.A. Alter Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction JAMA 297 2007 177 186 (Pubitemid 46089734)
134. E.J. Gallagher, C.M. Viscoli, and R.I. Horwitz The relationship of treatment adherence to the risk of death after myocardial infarction in women JAMA 270 1993 742 744 (Pubitemid 23226634)
135. M. Mitchell, and R. Klein The sequelae of untreated maternal hypothyroidism Eur J Endocrinol 151 2004 U45 U48
136. J. Fenley, P.S. Powers, J. Miller, and M. Rowland Untreated anorexia nervosa: a case study of the medical consequences Gen Hosp Psychiatry 12 1990 264 270 (Pubitemid 20202545)
137. J.M. Flack, S.V. Novikov, and C.M. Ferrario Benefits of adherence to anti-hypertensive drug therapy Eur Heart J 17 1996 16 20 (Pubitemid 26129714)
138. A.D. Morris, D.I.R. Boyle, A.D. McMahon, S.A. Greene, T.M. MacDonald, and R.W. Newton Adherence to insulin treatment, glycaemic control, and ketoacidosis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Lancet 350 1997 1505 1510 (Pubitemid 28036554)
139. R. Balkrishnan, R. Rajagopalan, F.T. Camacho, S.A. Huston, F.T. Murray, and R.T. Anderson Predictors of medication adherence and associated health care costs in an older population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal cohort study Clin Ther 25 2003 2958 2971 (Pubitemid 37510603)
140. M.C. Sokol, K.A. McGuigan, R.R. Verbrugge, and R.S. Epstein Impact of medication adherence on hospitalization risk and healthcare cost Med Care 43 2005 521 530 (Pubitemid 40847288)
141. K. Pehrsson, S. Larsson, A. Oden, and A. Nachemson Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms Spine 17 1992 1091 1096
142. H. Wang, J.D. Parker, G.E. Newton, J.S. Floras, S. Mak, and K.L. Chiu Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on mortality in patients with heart failure J Am Coll Cardiol 49 2007 1625 1631 (Pubitemid 46551635)
143. A.B. Bindman, K. Grumbach, D. Osmond, M. Komaromy, K. Vranizan, and N. Lurie Preventable hospitalizations and access to health care JAMA 274 1995 305 311
144. S.D. Bolen, E. Bricker, T.A. Samuels, H.C. Yeh, S.S. Marinopoulos, and M. McGuire Factors associated with intensification of oral diabetes medications in primary care provider-patient dyads: a cohort study Diabetes Care 32 2009 25 31
145. T.M. Maddox, C. Ross, H.M. Tavel, E.E. Lyons, M. Tillquist, and P.M. Ho Blood pressure trajectories and associations with treatment intensification, medication adherence, and outcomes among newly diagnosed coronary artery disease patients Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 3 2010 347 357
146. C. May, T. Finch, F. Mair, L. Ballini, C. Dowrick, and M. Eccles Understanding the implementation of complex interventions in health care: the normalization process model BMC Health Serv Res 7 2007 142
147. C. May, F. Mair, T. Finch, A. MacFarlane, C. Dowrick, and S. Treweek Development of a theory of implementation and integration: Normalization Process Theory Implement Sci 4 2009 29
148. D.P. Martin, P. Diehr, A. Cheadle, C.W. Madden, D.L. Patrick, and S.M. Skillman Health care utilization for the "newly insured": results from the Washington Basic Health Plan Inquiry 34 1997 129 142 (Pubitemid 27335317)
149. S.J. Kogut, S.E. Andrade, C. Willey, and E.P. Larrat Nonadherence as a predictor of antidiabetic drug therapy intensification (augmentation) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 13 2004 591 598 (Pubitemid 39264221)
150. R. Grant, A.S. Adams, C.M. Trinacty, F. Zhang, K. Kleinman, and S.B. Soumerai Relationship between patient medication adherence and subsequent clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes glycemic management Diabetes Care 30 2007 807 812 (Pubitemid 46556571)
151. P.M. Ho, D.J. Magid, S.M. Shetterly, K.L. Olson, P.N. Peterson, and F.A. Masoudi Importance of therapy intensification and medication nonadherence for blood pressure control in patients with coronary disease Arch Intern Med 168 2008 271 276 (Pubitemid 351281672)
152. B.J. Stephenson, B.H. Rowe, R.B. Haynes, W.M. Macharia, and G. Leon Is this patient taking the treatment as prescribed? JAMA 269 1993 2779 2781 (Pubitemid 23154254)
153. C. May, V.M. Montori, and F.S. Mair We need minimally disruptive medicine Br Med J 339 2009 485 487
154. A.J. Cole, J. Scott, I.N. Ferrier, and D. Eccleston Patterns of treatment resistance in bipolar affective disorder Acta Psychiatr Scand 88 1993 121 123 (Pubitemid 23225832)
155. Sturmey P. Secretin is an ineffective treatment for pervasive developmental disabilities: a review of 15 double-blind randomized controlled trials. Res Dev Disabil 26:87-97.
156. P. Vollmer-Conna, M. Hickie, B. Hadzi-Pavlovic, M. Tymms, M. Wakefield, and P. Dwyer Intravenous immunoglobulin is ineffective in the treatment of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome Am J Med 103 1997 38 43
157. C.E. Ross, J. Mirowsky, and S. Pribesh Powerlessness and the amplification of threat: neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and mistrust Am Sociol Rev 66 2001 568 591 (Pubitemid 32804557)
158. M. Weinrath, and J. Gartrell Victimization and fear of crime Violence Vict 11 1996 187 197 (Pubitemid 27175872)
159. C. May Mundane medicine, therapeutic relationships, and the clinical encounter B. Pescosolido, J.A. Martin, A.E. Rogers, Handbook of the sociology of health, illness, and healing: blueprint for the 21st century 2011 Springer New York, NY
160. P.A. Nutting, W.L. Miller, B.F. Crabtree, C.R. Jaen, E.E. Stewart, and K.C. Stange Initial lessons from the first national demonstration project on practice transformation to a patient-centered medical home Ann Fam Med 7 2009 254 260
161. M. Brod, S. Skovlund, and K. Wittrup-Jensen Measuring the impact of diabetes through patient report of treatment satisfaction, productivity and symptom experience Qual Life Res 15 2006 481 491
162. S.H. Preston, M.E. Hill, and G.L. Drevenstedt Childhood conditions that predict survival to advanced ages among African-Americans Soc Sci Med 47 1998 1231 1246 (Pubitemid 28444737)
163. W. Corser, M. Holmes-Rovner, C. Lein, and V. Gossain A shared decision-making primary care intervention for type 2 diabetes Diabetes Educ 33 2007 700 708
164. R.J. Mullan, V.M. Montori, N.D. Shah, T.J.H. Christianson, S.C. Bryant, and G.H. Guyatt The diabetes mellitus medication choice decision aid: a randomized trial Arch Intern Med 169 2009 1560 1568