메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 160, Issue , 2016, Pages 57-64

Onset of opportunity to use cannabis and progression from opportunity to dependence: Are influences consistent across transitions?

Author keywords

Cannabis; Dependence; Etiology; Opportunity; Risk factors; Substance use; Survival analysis; Transitions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CANNABIS USE; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CONDUCT DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG ABUSE; DSM-IV; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIGION; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; TOBACCO USE; CANNABIS SMOKING; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; ONSET AGE; REGISTER; RISK FACTOR; SIBLING; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TWINS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84960115472     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: 18790046     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.032     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 84861930445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: a review
    • Agrawal A., Budney A.J., Lynskey M.T. The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: a review. Addiction 2012, 107:1221-1233. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03837.x.
    • (2012) Addiction , vol.107 , pp. 1221-1233
    • Agrawal, A.1    Budney, A.J.2    Lynskey, M.T.3
  • 2
    • 84881020229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do early experiences with cannabis vary in cigarette smokers?
    • Agrawal A., Madden P.A.F., Martin N.G., Lynskey M.T. Do early experiences with cannabis vary in cigarette smokers?. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013, 128:255-259. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.002.
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.128 , pp. 255-259
    • Agrawal, A.1    Madden, P.A.F.2    Martin, N.G.3    Lynskey, M.T.4
  • 3
    • 77649193337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying the lifetime co-occurrence of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescent and young adult twins
    • Agrawal A., Silberg J.L., Lynskey M.T., Maes H.H., Eaves L.J. Mechanisms underlying the lifetime co-occurrence of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescent and young adult twins. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010, 108:49-55. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.016.
    • (2010) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.108 , pp. 49-55
    • Agrawal, A.1    Silberg, J.L.2    Lynskey, M.T.3    Maes, H.H.4    Eaves, L.J.5
  • 5
    • 33947120947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of cannabis dependence
    • Cambridge University Press, New York, R.A. Roffman, R.S. Stephens (Eds.)
    • Anthony J.C. The epidemiology of cannabis dependence. Cannabis Dependence: Its Nature, Consequences, and Treatment 2006, 58-105. Cambridge University Press, New York. R.A. Roffman, R.S. Stephens (Eds.).
    • (2006) Cannabis Dependence: Its Nature, Consequences, and Treatment , pp. 58-105
    • Anthony, J.C.1
  • 6
    • 84924649433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug statistics series no. 28. Cat. no. PHE 183. AIHW, Canberra.
    • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014. National Drug Strategy Household Survey detailed report: 2013. Drug statistics series no. 28. Cat. no. PHE 183. AIHW, Canberra.
    • (2014) National Drug Strategy Household Survey detailed report: 2013
  • 7
    • 84861225324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of age at first alcohol and nicotine use for initiation of cannabis use and progression to cannabis use disorders
    • Behrendt S., Beesdo-Baum K., Hofler M., Perkonigg A., Buhringer G., Lieb R., Wittchen H.U. The relevance of age at first alcohol and nicotine use for initiation of cannabis use and progression to cannabis use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012, 123:48-56. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.013.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.123 , pp. 48-56
    • Behrendt, S.1    Beesdo-Baum, K.2    Hofler, M.3    Perkonigg, A.4    Buhringer, G.5    Lieb, R.6    Wittchen, H.U.7
  • 9
    • 57049183010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: is early onset associated with a rapid escalation??
    • Behrendt S., Wittchen H.U., Hofler M., Lieb R., Beesdo K. Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: is early onset associated with a rapid escalation??. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009, 99:68-78. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.014.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.99 , pp. 68-78
    • Behrendt, S.1    Wittchen, H.U.2    Hofler, M.3    Lieb, R.4    Beesdo, K.5
  • 10
    • 77950263378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variables with time-varying effects and the Cox model: some statistical concepts illustrated with a prognostic factor study in breast cancer
    • Bellera C.A., MacGrogan G., Debled M., Lara C.T., de Brouste V., Mathoulin-Pélissier S. Variables with time-varying effects and the Cox model: some statistical concepts illustrated with a prognostic factor study in breast cancer. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2010, 10:20. 10.1186/1471-2288-10-20.
    • (2010) BMC Med. Res. Methodol. , vol.10 , pp. 20
    • Bellera, C.A.1    MacGrogan, G.2    Debled, M.3    Lara, C.T.4    de Brouste, V.5    Mathoulin-Pélissier, S.6
  • 11
    • 84878627099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents
    • Benjet C., Borges G., Medina-Mora M.E., Méndez E. Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013, 131:85-91. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.002.
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.131 , pp. 85-91
    • Benjet, C.1    Borges, G.2    Medina-Mora, M.E.3    Méndez, E.4
  • 13
    • 64849109358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opportunities to use drugs and stages of drug involvement outside the United States: evidence from the Republic of Chile
    • Caris L., Wagner F.A., Ríos-Bedoya C.F., Anthony J.C. Opportunities to use drugs and stages of drug involvement outside the United States: evidence from the Republic of Chile. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009, 102:30-34. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.004.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.102 , pp. 30-34
    • Caris, L.1    Wagner, F.A.2    Ríos-Bedoya, C.F.3    Anthony, J.C.4
  • 14
    • 2942609033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religiosity and the earliest stages of adolescent drug involvement in seven countries of Latin America
    • Chen C.-Y., Dormitzer C.M., Bejarano J., Anthony J.C. Religiosity and the earliest stages of adolescent drug involvement in seven countries of Latin America. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2004, 159:1180-1188. 10.1093/aje/kwh151.
    • (2004) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.159 , pp. 1180-1188
    • Chen, C.-Y.1    Dormitzer, C.M.2    Bejarano, J.3    Anthony, J.C.4
  • 15
    • 58149117580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-onset drug use and risk for drug dependence problems
    • Chen C.-Y., Storr C.L., Anthony J.C. Early-onset drug use and risk for drug dependence problems. Addict. Behav. 2009, 34:319-322. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.10.021.
    • (2009) Addict. Behav. , vol.34 , pp. 319-322
    • Chen, C.-Y.1    Storr, C.L.2    Anthony, J.C.3
  • 16
    • 27744511011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of parenting practices on the risk of having a chance to try cannabis
    • Chen C.Y., Storr C.L., Anthony J.C. Influences of parenting practices on the risk of having a chance to try cannabis. Pediatrics 2005, 115:1631-1639. 10.1542/peds.2004-1926.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , pp. 1631-1639
    • Chen, C.Y.1    Storr, C.L.2    Anthony, J.C.3
  • 17
    • 0033669597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation and progression of cannabis use in a population-based Australian adolescent longitudinal study
    • Coffey C., Lynskey M., Wolfe R., Patton G.C. Initiation and progression of cannabis use in a population-based Australian adolescent longitudinal study. Addiction 2000, 95:1679-1690. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951116798.x.
    • (2000) Addiction , vol.95 , pp. 1679-1690
    • Coffey, C.1    Lynskey, M.2    Wolfe, R.3    Patton, G.C.4
  • 18
    • 0032143928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-report among injecting drug users: a review
    • Darke S. Self-report among injecting drug users: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998, 51:253-263. 10.1016/s0376-8716(98) 00028-3.
    • (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.51 , pp. 253-263
    • Darke, S.1
  • 20
    • 84891959728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Global burden of disease projects: what have we learned about illicit drug use and dependence and their contribution to the global burden of disease??
    • Degenhardt L., Whiteford H., Hall W.D. The Global burden of disease projects: what have we learned about illicit drug use and dependence and their contribution to the global burden of disease??. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2014, 33:4-12. 10.1111/dar.12088.
    • (2014) Drug Alcohol Rev. , vol.33 , pp. 4-12
    • Degenhardt, L.1    Whiteford, H.2    Hall, W.D.3
  • 21
    • 44149091043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between cannabis abuse and dependence and childhood physical and sexual abuse: evidence from an offspring of twins design
    • Duncan A.E., Sartor C.E., Scherrer J.F., Grant J.D., Heath A.C., Nelson E.C., Jacob T., Bucholz K.K. The association between cannabis abuse and dependence and childhood physical and sexual abuse: evidence from an offspring of twins design. Addiction 2008, 103:990-997. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02210.x.
    • (2008) Addiction , vol.103 , pp. 990-997
    • Duncan, A.E.1    Sartor, C.E.2    Scherrer, J.F.3    Grant, J.D.4    Heath, A.C.5    Nelson, E.C.6    Jacob, T.7    Bucholz, K.K.8
  • 22
    • 84950651862 scopus 로고
    • The efficiency of Cox's Likelihood Function for censored data
    • Efron B. The efficiency of Cox's Likelihood Function for censored data. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1977, 557-565. 10.2307/2286217.
    • (1977) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , pp. 557-565
    • Efron, B.1
  • 23
    • 84908377290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between cannabis use and mood disorders: a longitudinal study
    • Feingold D., Weiser M., Rehm J., Lev-Ran S. The association between cannabis use and mood disorders: a longitudinal study. J. Affective Disord. 2015, 172:211-218. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.006.
    • (2015) J. Affective Disord. , vol.172 , pp. 211-218
    • Feingold, D.1    Weiser, M.2    Rehm, J.3    Lev-Ran, S.4
  • 24
    • 59849111333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways to cannabis abuse: a multi-stage model from cannabis availability, cannabis initiation and progression to abuse
    • Gillespie N.A., Neale M.C., Kendler K.S. Pathways to cannabis abuse: a multi-stage model from cannabis availability, cannabis initiation and progression to abuse. Addiction 2009, 104:430-438. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02456.x.
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , pp. 430-438
    • Gillespie, N.A.1    Neale, M.C.2    Kendler, K.S.3
  • 26
  • 27
    • 84936953180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental interplay in adolescent substance use disorders
    • Hines L.A., Morley K.I., Mackie C., Lynskey M. Genetic and environmental interplay in adolescent substance use disorders. Curr. Addict. Rep. 2015, 2:122-129. 10.1007/s40429-015-0049-8.
    • (2015) Curr. Addict. Rep. , vol.2 , pp. 122-129
    • Hines, L.A.1    Morley, K.I.2    Mackie, C.3    Lynskey, M.4
  • 28
    • 84936966773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between speed of transition from initiation to subsequent use of cannabis and later problematic cannabis use, abuse and dependence
    • Hines L.A., Morley K.I., Strang J., Agrawal A., Nelson E.C., Statham D., Martin N.G., Lynskey M.T. The association between speed of transition from initiation to subsequent use of cannabis and later problematic cannabis use, abuse and dependence. Addict. Abingdon Engl. 2015, 110:1311-1320. 10.1111/add.12963.
    • (2015) Addict. Abingdon Engl. , vol.110 , pp. 1311-1320
    • Hines, L.A.1    Morley, K.I.2    Strang, J.3    Agrawal, A.4    Nelson, E.C.5    Statham, D.6    Martin, N.G.7    Lynskey, M.T.8
  • 29
    • 0034899652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability of self-reported age of onset of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use
    • Johnson T.P., Mott J.A. The reliability of self-reported age of onset of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use. Addict. Abingdon Engl. 2001, 96:1187-1198. 10.1080/09652140120060770.
    • (2001) Addict. Abingdon Engl. , vol.96 , pp. 1187-1198
    • Johnson, T.P.1    Mott, J.A.2
  • 30
    • 84926142009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and determinants of resistance to use drugs among adolescents who had an opportunity to use drugs
    • Lopez-Quintero C., Neumark Y. Prevalence and determinants of resistance to use drugs among adolescents who had an opportunity to use drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015, 149:55-62. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.015.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.149 , pp. 55-62
    • Lopez-Quintero, C.1    Neumark, Y.2
  • 31
    • 84873848136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Australian twin study of cannabis and other illicit drug use and misuse, and other psychopathology
    • Lynskey M.T., Agrawal A., Henders A., Nelson E.C., Madden P.A.F., Martin N.G. An Australian twin study of cannabis and other illicit drug use and misuse, and other psychopathology. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 2012, 15:631-641. 10.1017/thg.2012.41.
    • (2012) Twin Res. Hum. Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 631-641
    • Lynskey, M.T.1    Agrawal, A.2    Henders, A.3    Nelson, E.C.4    Madden, P.A.F.5    Martin, N.G.6
  • 32
    • 0033848826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religiosity and substance use and abuse among adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey
    • Miller L., Davies M., Greenwald S. Religiosity and substance use and abuse among adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2000, 39:1190-1197. 10.1097/00004583-200009000-00020.
    • (2000) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 1190-1197
    • Miller, L.1    Davies, M.2    Greenwald, S.3
  • 33
    • 85014275191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health National Academies Press (US), Washington (DC).
    • National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children, Youth, and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions, 2009. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities, The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health National Academies Press (US), Washington (DC).
    • (2009) Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities
  • 34
    • 84858446396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use opportunities as opportunities for drug use prevention: Bogota, Colombia a case in point
    • Neumark Y., Lopez-Quintero C., Bobashev G. Drug use opportunities as opportunities for drug use prevention: Bogota, Colombia a case in point. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012, 122:127-134. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.022.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.122 , pp. 127-134
    • Neumark, Y.1    Lopez-Quintero, C.2    Bobashev, G.3
  • 35
    • 84877706139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bidirectional relationships between alcohol, cannabis, co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorders with major depressive disorder: results from a national sample
    • Pacek L.R., Martins S.S., Crum R.M. The bidirectional relationships between alcohol, cannabis, co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorders with major depressive disorder: results from a national sample. J. Affective Disord. 2013, 148:188-195. 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.059.
    • (2013) J. Affective Disord. , vol.148 , pp. 188-195
    • Pacek, L.R.1    Martins, S.S.2    Crum, R.M.3
  • 36
    • 0037164359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study
    • Patton G.C., Coffey C., Carlin J.B., Degenhardt L., Lynskey M., Hall W. Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study. BMJ 2002, 325:1195-1198. 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1195.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1195-1198
    • Patton, G.C.1    Coffey, C.2    Carlin, J.B.3    Degenhardt, L.4    Lynskey, M.5    Hall, W.6
  • 38
    • 84908544371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of behavior and academic problems at school entry on marijuana use transitions during adolescence in an African-American sample
    • Reboussin B.A., Ialongo N.S., Green K.M. Influences of behavior and academic problems at school entry on marijuana use transitions during adolescence in an African-American sample. Addict. Behav. 2015, 41:51-57. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.030.
    • (2015) Addict. Behav. , vol.41 , pp. 51-57
    • Reboussin, B.A.1    Ialongo, N.S.2    Green, K.M.3
  • 39
    • 33646841072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different lengths of times for progressions in adolescent substance involvement
    • Ridenour T.A., Lanza S.T., Donny E.C., Clark D.B. Different lengths of times for progressions in adolescent substance involvement. Addict. Behav. 2006, 31:962-983. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.015.
    • (2006) Addict. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 962-983
    • Ridenour, T.A.1    Lanza, S.T.2    Donny, E.C.3    Clark, D.B.4
  • 40
    • 64849111796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common genetic influences on the timing of first use for alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in young African-American women
    • Sartor C.E., Agrawal A., Lynskey M.T., Bucholz K.K., Madden P.A., Heath A.C. Common genetic influences on the timing of first use for alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in young African-American women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009, 102:49-55. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.013.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.102 , pp. 49-55
    • Sartor, C.E.1    Agrawal, A.2    Lynskey, M.T.3    Bucholz, K.K.4    Madden, P.A.5    Heath, A.C.6
  • 41
    • 79960649515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting bias in the association between age at first alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking
    • Sartor C.E., Bucholz K.K., Nelson E.C., Madden P.A.F., Lynskey M.T., Heath A.C. Reporting bias in the association between age at first alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2011, 35:1418-1425. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01477.x.
    • (2011) Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 1418-1425
    • Sartor, C.E.1    Bucholz, K.K.2    Nelson, E.C.3    Madden, P.A.F.4    Lynskey, M.T.5    Heath, A.C.6
  • 42
    • 37049007162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric and familial predictors of transition times between smoking stages: results from an offspring-of-twins study
    • Sartor C.E., Xian H., Scherrer J.F., Lynskey M.T., Duncan A.E., Haber J.R., Grant J.D., Bucholz K.K., Jacob T. Psychiatric and familial predictors of transition times between smoking stages: results from an offspring-of-twins study. Addict. Behav. 2008, 33:235-251. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.002.
    • (2008) Addict. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 235-251
    • Sartor, C.E.1    Xian, H.2    Scherrer, J.F.3    Lynskey, M.T.4    Duncan, A.E.5    Haber, J.R.6    Grant, J.D.7    Bucholz, K.K.8    Jacob, T.9
  • 43
    • 79959655586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood predictors of first chance to use and use of cannabis by young adulthood
    • Storr C.L., Wagner F.A., Chen C.Y., Anthony J.C. Childhood predictors of first chance to use and use of cannabis by young adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011, 117:7-15. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.023.
    • (2011) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.117 , pp. 7-15
    • Storr, C.L.1    Wagner, F.A.2    Chen, C.Y.3    Anthony, J.C.4
  • 44
    • 0033045227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative epidemiology of initial drug opportunities and transitions to first use: marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin
    • Van Etten M.L., Anthony J.C. Comparative epidemiology of initial drug opportunities and transitions to first use: marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999, 54:117-125.
    • (1999) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.54 , pp. 117-125
    • Van Etten, M.L.1    Anthony, J.C.2
  • 45
    • 0032868491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male-female differences in the earliest stages of drug involvement
    • van Etten M.L., Neumark Y.D., Anthony J.C. Male-female differences in the earliest stages of drug involvement. Addiction 1999, 94:1413-1419. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.949141312.x.
    • (1999) Addiction , vol.94 , pp. 1413-1419
    • van Etten, M.L.1    Neumark, Y.D.2    Anthony, J.C.3
  • 46
    • 67649980296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discordant MZ-twin method: one step closer to the holy grail of causality
    • Vitaro F., Brendgen M., Arseneault L. The discordant MZ-twin method: one step closer to the holy grail of causality. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 2009, 33:376-382. 10.1177/0165025409340805.
    • (2009) Int. J. Behav. Dev. , vol.33 , pp. 376-382
    • Vitaro, F.1    Brendgen, M.2    Arseneault, L.3
  • 47
    • 0037092943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Into the world of illegal drug use: exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine
    • Wagner F.A., Anthony J.C. Into the world of illegal drug use: exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine. J. Epidemiol.. 2002, 918-925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.10.918.
    • (2002) J. Epidemiol.. , pp. 918-925
    • Wagner, F.A.1    Anthony, J.C.2
  • 49
    • 50949117787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the high risk periods for incident substance use and transitions to abuse and dependence? Implications for early intervention and prevention
    • Wittchen H.U., Behrendt S., Hofler M., Perkonigg A., Lieb R., Buhringer G., Beesdo K. What are the high risk periods for incident substance use and transitions to abuse and dependence? Implications for early intervention and prevention. Int. J. Methods Psychiatry Res. 2008, 17(Suppl. 1):S16-S29. 10.1002/mpr.254.
    • (2008) Int. J. Methods Psychiatry Res. , vol.17 , pp. S16-S29
    • Wittchen, H.U.1    Behrendt, S.2    Hofler, M.3    Perkonigg, A.4    Lieb, R.5    Buhringer, G.6    Beesdo, K.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.