The origin of endodontic Enterococcus faecalis explored by comparison of virulence factor patterns and antibiotic resistance to that of isolates from stool samples, blood cultures and food

International Endodontic Journal

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 343-351

  Vidana, Roberto ^a   Rashid, M U ^a   Ozenci V ^b   Weintraub, A ^a   Lund, B ^a,b  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Enterococcus faecalis; Antibiotic resistance; Epidemiology; Genotypic patterns; Root canal infection; Virulence factor

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BLOOD CULTURE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENDODONTIC PROCEDURE; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; FECES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TEST; MICROBIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PULPITIS; SWEDEN; TOOTH PERIAPICAL DISEASE;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BLOOD CULTURE; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; FECES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS; PHENOTYPE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PULPITIS; ROOT CANAL THERAPY; SWEDEN; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 84960104523     PISSN: 01432885     EISSN: 13652591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12464     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE (2005) Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 5721-32.
2. Arias CA, Murray BE (2012) The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology 10, 266-78.
3. Billström H, Lund B, Sullivan Å, Nord CE (2009) Virulence and antimicrobial resistance in clinical Enterococcus faecium. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 32, 374-7.
4. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012a) Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard, 9th edn. Wayne, PA: CLSI, Document M07-A9.
5. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012b) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement, Wayne, PA: CLSI, Document M100-S22.
6. Coburn PS, Baghdayan AS, Dolan GT, Shankar N (2007) Horizontal transfer of virulence genes encoded on the Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island. Molecular Microbiology 63, 530-44.
7. Creti R, Imperi M, Bertuccini L et al. (2004) Survey for virulence determinants among Enterococcus faecalis isolated from different sources. Journal of Medical Microbiology 53, 13-20.
8. Dobrindt U, Zdziarski J, Salvador E, Hacker J (2010) Bacterial genome plasticity and its impact on adaptation during persistent infection. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 300, 363-6.
9. Dutka-Malen S, Evers S, Courvalin P (1995) Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33, 24-7.
10. Eaton TJ, Gasson MJ (2001) Molecular screening of Enterococcus virulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 1628-35.
11. Franz CM, Muscholl-Silberhorn AB, Yousif NM, Vancanneyt M, Swings J, Holzapfel WH (2001) Incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among Enterococci isolated from food. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 4385-9.
12. Franz CM, Huch M, Abriouel H, Holzapfel W, Gálvez A (2011) Enterococci as probiotics and their implications in food safety. International Journal of Food Microbiology 151, 125-40.
13. Garsin DA, Frank KL, Silanpää J (2014) Pathogenesis and models of enterococcal infection. In: Gilmore MS, ed. Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection [Open access on NCBI Bookshelf]. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, pp. 1-58.
14. Jamet E, Akary E, Poisson MA, Chamba JF, Bertrand X, Serror P (2012) Prevalence and characterization of antibiotic resistant Enterococcus faecalis in French cheeses. Food Microbiology 31, 191-8.
15. Jett BD, Huycke MM, Gilmore MS (1994) Virulence of enterococci. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 7, 462-78.
16. Kampfer J, Göhring TN, Attin T, Zehnder M (2007) Leakage of food-borne Enterococcus faecalis through temporary fillings in a simulated oral environment. International Endodontic Journal 40, 471-7.
17. Lepage E, Brinster S, Caroin C et al. (2006) Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of Enterococcus faecalis: identification of genes absent from food strains. Journal of Bacteriology 188, 6858-68.
18. Nakayama J, Kariyama R, Kumon H (2002) Description of a 23.9-kilobase chromosomal deletion containing a region encoding fsr genes which mainly determines the gelatinase-negative phenotype of clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in urine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 3152-5.
19. Penas PP, Mayer MP, Gomes BP et al. (2013) Analysis of genetic lineages and their correlation with virulence genes in Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates from root canal and systemic infections. Journal of Endodontics 39, 858-64.
20. Portenier I, Waltimo T, Haapasalo M (2003) Enterococcus faecalis - the root canal survivor and "star" in post-treatment disease. Endodontic Topics 6, 135-59.
21. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Santos KR (2004) Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. Journal of Endodontics 30, 315-20.
22. Sedgley CM, Molander A, Flannagan SE et al. (2005) Virulence, phenotype and genotype characteristics of endodontic Enterococcus spp. Oral Microbiology Immunology 20, 10-9.
23. Teixeira LM, Carvalho MS, Shewmaker PL, Facklam RR (2011) Enterococcus. In: Versalovic J, Carroll KC, Funke G, Jorgensen JH, Landry ML, Warnock DW, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th edn. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, pp. 350-65.
24. Templer SP, Rohner P, Baumgartner A (2008) Relation of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from foods and clinical specimens. Journal of Food Protection 71, 2100-4.
25. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 4.0, 2014 (http://www.eucast.org).
26. Vergis EN, Shankar N, Chow JW et al. (2002) Association between the presence of enterococcal virulence factors gelatinase, hemolysin, and enterococcal surface protein and mortality among patients with bacteremia due to Enterococcus faecalis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35, 570-5.
27. Vidana R, Sullivan Å, Billström H, Ahlquist M, Lund B (2011) Enterococcus faecalis infection in root-canals - host derived or exogenous source? Letters in Applied Microbiology 52, 109-15.
28. Vidana R, Sillerström E, Ahlquist M, Lund B (2015) Potential for nosocomial transmission of Enterococcus faecalis from surfaces in dental operatories. International Endodontic Journal 48, 518-27.
29. Wang L, Dong M, Zheng J et al. (2011) Relationship of biofilm formation and gelE gene expression in Enterococcus faecalis recovered from root canals in patients requiring endodontic retreatment. Journal of Endodontics 37, 631-6.
30. Waters CM, Dunny GM (2001) Analysis of functional domains of the Enterococcus faecalis pheromone-induced surface protein aggregation substance. Journal of Bacteriology 183, 5659-67.
31. Waters CM, Antiporta MH, Murray BE, Dunny GM (2003) Role of the Enterococcus faecalis gelE protease in determination of cellular chain length, supernatant pheromone levels, and degradation of fibrin and misfolded surface proteins. Journal of Bacteriology 185, 3613-23.
32. Zoletti GO, Pereira EM, Schuenck RP, Teixeira LM, Siqueira JF Jr, dos Santos KR (2011) Characterization of virulence factors and clonal diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from treated dental root canals. Research in Microbiology 162, 151-8.