Assessment of Dietary Sodium and Potassium in Canadians Using 24-Hour Urinary Collection

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 319-326

  Mente, Andrew ^a,b   Dagenais, Gilles ^c   Wielgosz, Andreas ^d   Lear, Scott A ^e   McQueen, Matthew J ^a,b   Zeidler, Johannes ^b   Fu, Lily ^b   DeJesus, Jane ^a   Rangarajan, Sumathy ^a   Bourlaud, Anne Sophie ^c   De Bluts, Anne Leblanc ^c   Corber, Erica ^e   de Jong, Veronica ^e   Boomgaardt, Jacob ^d   Shane, Alexandra ^d   Jiang, Ying ^f   de Groh, Margaret ^f   O'Donnell, Martin J ^a,b,g   Yusuf, Salim ^a,b   Teo, Koon ^a,b  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c LAVAL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^e SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^f PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^g NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBENZOIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CREATININE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ELECTROLYTE; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; POTASSIUM INTAKE; SODIUM INTAKE;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; CANADA; CANADIAN; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE URINE LEVEL; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KALIURESIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NATRIURESIS; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; POTASSIUM INTAKE; POTASSIUM URINE LEVEL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RURAL POPULATION; SODIUM EXCRETION; SODIUM INTAKE; SODIUM URINE LEVEL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; URBAN POPULATION; URINALYSIS; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLINICAL TRIAL; HEALTH SURVEY; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; TRENDS; URINE;

ADULT; AGED; CANADA; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM, DIETARY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RURAL POPULATION; SODIUM; SODIUM, DIETARY; URBAN POPULATION; URINALYSIS;

EID: 84959532476     PISSN: 0828282X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.020     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Appel L.J., Frohlich E.D., Hall J.E., et al. The importance of population-wide sodium reduction as a means to prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke: a call to action from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011, 123:1138-1143.
2. Mente A., O'Donnell M.J., Yusuf S. The population risks of dietary salt excess are exaggerated. Can J Cardiol 2014, 30:507-512.
3. Neal B. Dietary salt is a public health hazard that requires vigorous attack. Can J Cardiol 2014, 30:502-506.
4. O'Donnell M.J., Xavier D., Liu L., et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010, 376:112-123.
5. Yusuf S., Hawken S., Ounpuu S., et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004, 364:937-952.
6. Garriguet D. Sodium consumption at all ages. Health Rep 2007, 18:47-52.
7. Garriguet D. Under-reporting of energy intake in the Canadian Community Health Survey. Health Rep 2008, 19:1-9.
8. Bentley B. A review of methods to measure dietary sodium intake. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2006, 21:63-67.
9. Swain J.F., McCarron P.B., Hamilton E.F., Sacks F.M., Appel L.J. Characteristics of the diet patterns tested in the optimal macronutrient intake trial to prevent heart disease (OmniHeart): options for a heart-healthy diet. J Am Diet Assoc 2008, 108:257-265.
10. Young D.B., Lin H., McCabe R.D. Potassium's cardiovascular protective mechanisms. Am J Physiol 1995, 268(4 Pt 2):R825-R837.
11. Morris R.C., Schmidlin O., Frassetto L.A., Sebastian A. Relationship and interaction between sodium and potassium. J Am Coll Nutr 2006, 25(3 suppl):262S-270S.
12. Whelton P.K., Buring J., Borhani N.O., et al. The effect of potassium supplementation in persons with a high-normal blood pressure. Results from phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP). Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) Collaborative Research Group. Ann Epidemiol 1995, 5:85-95.
13. Krishna G.G., Miller E., Kapoor S. Increased blood pressure during potassium depletion in normotensive men. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:1177-1182.
14. Teo K., Chow C.K., Vaz M., Rangarajan S., Yusuf S. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: examining the impact of societal influences on chronic noncommunicable diseases in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Am Heart J 2009, 158:1-7.e1. PURE Investigators-Writing Group.
15. Yusuf S., Islam S., Chow C.K., et al. Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE Study): a prospective epidemiological survey. Lancet 2011, 378:1231-1243.
16. Jakobsen J., Ovesen L., Fagt S., Pedersen A.N. Para-aminobenzoic acid used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: assessment of control limits for a specific HPLC method. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997, 51:514-519.
17. Leclercq C., Maiani G., Polito A., Ferro-Luzzi A. Use of PABA test to check completeness of 24-h urine collections in elderly subjects. Nutrition 1991, 7:350-354.
18. Mann J.F., Schmieder R.E., McQueen M., et al. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2008, 372:547-553.
19. Clase C.M., Gao P., Tobe S.W., et al. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria as predictors of outcomes in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2011, 154:310-318.
20. Johansson G., Bingham S., Vahter M. A method to compensate for incomplete 24-hour urine collections in nutritional epidemiology studies. Public Health Nutr 1999, 2:587-591.
21. Curhan G.C., Willett W.C., Speizer F.E., Stampfer M.J. Twenty-four-hour urine chemistries and the risk of kidney stones among women and men. Kidney Int 2001, 59:2290-2298.
22. Priddle W.W. Hypertension-sodium and potassium studies. Can Med Assoc J 1962, 86:1-9.
23. INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group INTERSALT: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. BMJ 1988, 297:319-328.
24. Health and Welfare Canada Nutrition Canada-Food Consumptions Pattern Report 1974, Canada, Ottawa.
25. Powles J., Fahimi S., Micha R., et al. Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide. BMJ Open 2013, 3:e003733.
26. Cogswell M.E., Zhang Z., Carriquiry A.L., et al. Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003-2008. Am J Clin Nutr 2012, 96:647-657.
27. Bernstein A.M., Willett W.C. Trends in 24-h urinary sodium excretion in the United States, 1957-2003: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 92:1172-1180.
28. McCarron D.A., Kazaks A.G., Geerling J.C., Stern J.S., Graudal N.A. Normal range of human dietary sodium intake: a perspective based on 24-hour urinary sodium excretion worldwide. Am J Hypertens 2013, 26:1218-1223.
29. He F.J., Brinsden H.C., MacGregor G.A. Salt reduction in the United Kingdom: a successful experiment in public health. J Hum Hypertens 2014, 28:345-352.
30. Smith W.C., Crombie I.K., Tavendale R.T., Gulland S.K., Tunstall-Pedoe H.D. Urinary electrolyte excretion, alcohol consumption, and blood pressure in the Scottish heart health study. BMJ 1988, 297:329-330.
31. McCarron D.A., Morris C.D., Henry H.J., Stanton J.L. Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science 1984, 224:1392-1398.
32. Townsend M.S., Fulgoni V.L., Stern J.S., Adu-Afarwuah S., McCarron D.A. Low mineral intake is associated with high systolic blood pressure in the Third and Fourth National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: could we all be right?. Am J Hypertens 2005, 18:261-269.
33. Mente A., O'Donnell M.J., Dagenais G., et al. Validation and comparison of three formulae to estimate sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine compared to 24-h measures in 11 countries. J Hypertens 2014, 32:1005-1014.
34. Mente A., O'Donnell M.J., Rangarajan S., et al. Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with blood pressure. N Engl J Med 2014, 371:601-611.
35. Graudal N.A., Hubeck-Graudal T., Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 11:CD004022.
36. Appel L.J., Moore T.J., Obarzanek E., et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:1117-1124.
37. Sacks F.M., Svetkey L.P., Vollmer W.M., et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:3-10.
38. Mente A., Irvine E.J., Honey R.J., Logan A.G. Urinary potassium is a clinically useful test to detect a poor quality diet. J Nutr 2009, 139:743-749.
39. Tunstall-Pedoe H., Woodward M., Tavendale R., A'Brook R., McCluskey M.K. Comparison of the prediction by 27 different factors of coronary heart disease and death in men and women of the Scottish Heart Health Study: cohort study. BMJ 1997, 315:722-729.
40. Aburto N.J., Hanson S., Gutierrez H., et al. Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 2013, 346:f1378.
41. O'Donnell M., Mente A., Rangarajan S., et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2014, 371:612-623.
42. Tanase C.M., Koski K.G., Laffey P.J., Cooper M.J., Cockell K.A. Canadians continue to consume too much sodium and not enough potassium. Can J Public Health 2011, 102:164-168.
43. Luft F.C., Fineberg N.S., Sloan R.S. Estimating dietary sodium intake in individuals receiving a randomly fluctuating intake. Hypertension 1982, 4:805-808.
44. Dyer A.R., Elliott P., Shipley M. Urinary electrolyte excretion in 24 hours and blood pressure in the INTERSALT Study. II. Estimates of electrolyte-blood pressure associations corrected for regression dilution bias. The INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Am J Epidemiol 1994, 139:940-951.
45. Espeland M.A., Kumanyika S., Wilson A.C., et al. Statistical issues in analyzing 24-hour dietary recall and 24-hour urine collection data for sodium and potassium intakes. Am J Epidemiol 2001, 153:996-1006.
46. Cook N.R., Kumanyika S.K., Cutler J.A. Effect of change in sodium excretion on change in blood pressure corrected for measurement error. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase I. Am J Epidemiol 1998, 148:431-444.
47. Rakova N., Jüttner K., Dahlmann A., et al. Long-term space flight simulation reveals infradian rhythmicity in human Na(+) balance. Cell Metab 2013, 17:125-131.
48. Titze J., Müller D.N., Luft F.C. Taking another "look" at sodium. Can J Cardiol 2014, 30:473-475.