메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 1399-1406

Measurements and modeling of contemporary radiocarbon in the stratosphere

Author keywords

carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; cosmogenic radionuclides; radiocarbon; stratosphere; stratosphere troposphere exchange

Indexed keywords

FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; NUCLEAR WEAPONS; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; TROPOSPHERE; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

EID: 84959378087     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: 19448007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL066921     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0035725443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2O
    • 2O, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D23), 32,295-32,314, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000465.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , Issue.D23 , pp. 32295-32314
    • Andrews, A.E.1
  • 2
    • 0030428332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause
    • Appenzeller, C., J. R. Holton, and, K. H. Rosenlof, (1996), Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101 (D10), 15,071-15,078, doi: 10.1029/96JD00821.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.D10 , pp. 15071-15078
    • Appenzeller, C.1    Holton, J.R.2    Rosenlof, K.H.3
  • 3
    • 0029659374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric mean ages and transport rates from observations of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide
    • Boering, K. A., S. C. Wofsy, B. C. Daube, H. R. Schneider, M. Loewenstein, and, J. R. Podolske, (1996), Stratospheric mean ages and transport rates from observations of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, Science, 274 (5291), 1340-1343, doi: 10.1126/science.274.5291.1340.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , Issue.5291 , pp. 1340-1343
    • Boering, K.A.1    Wofsy, S.C.2    Daube, B.C.3    Schneider, H.R.4    Loewenstein, M.5    Podolske, J.R.6
  • 4
    • 79955530434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000
    • Bonisch, H., A. Engel, T. Birner, P. Hoor, D. W. Tarasick, and, E. A. Ray, (2011), On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11 (8), 3937-3948, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 3937-3948
    • Bonisch, H.1    Engel, A.2    Birner, T.3    Hoor, P.4    Tarasick, D.W.5    Ray, E.A.6
  • 5
    • 0029545912 scopus 로고
    • 2 latitudinal gradient as related to exchanges among atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial reservoirs
    • 2 latitudinal gradient as related to exchanges among atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial reservoirs, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9, 565-584, doi: 10.1029/95GB01725.
    • (1995) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.9 , pp. 565-584
    • Braziunas, T.F.1    Fung, I.Y.2    Stuiver, M.3
  • 7
    • 0028571772 scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric contribution to the global bomb radiocarbon inventory: Model versus observation
    • Broecker, W. S., and, T. H. Peng, (1994), Stratospheric contribution to the global bomb radiocarbon inventory: Model versus observation, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8 (3), 377-384, doi: 10.1029/94GB00680.
    • (1994) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-384
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Peng, T.H.2
  • 8
    • 77951100073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry-climate model simulations of twenty-first century stratospheric climate and circulation changes
    • Butchart, N., et al., (2010), Chemistry-climate model simulations of twenty-first century stratospheric climate and circulation changes, J. Clim., 23 (20), 5349-5374, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3404.1.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , Issue.20 , pp. 5349-5374
    • Butchart, N.1
  • 9
    • 0032179398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted net efflux of radiocarbon from the ocean and increase in atmospheric radiocarbon content
    • Caldeira, K., G. H. Rau, and, P. B. Duffy, (1998), Predicted net efflux of radiocarbon from the ocean and increase in atmospheric radiocarbon content, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25 (20), 3811-3814, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900010.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , Issue.20 , pp. 3811-3814
    • Caldeira, K.1    Rau, G.H.2    Duffy, P.B.3
  • 10
    • 51749096158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical note: Review of methods for linear least-squares fitting of data and application to atmospheric chemistry problems
    • Cantrell, C. A., (2008), Technical note: Review of methods for linear least-squares fitting of data and application to atmospheric chemistry problems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8 (17), 5477-5487, doi: 10.5194/acp-8-5477-2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , Issue.17 , pp. 5477-5487
    • Cantrell, C.A.1
  • 11
    • 0035793896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol
    • Cziczo, D. J., D. S. Thomson, and, D. M. Murphy, (2001), Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol, Science, 291 (5509), 1772-1775, doi: 10.1126/science.1057737.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , Issue.5509 , pp. 1772-1775
    • Cziczo, D.J.1    Thomson, D.S.2    Murphy, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 67649185181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years
    • Engel, A., et al., (2009), Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years, Nat. Geosci., 2 (1), 28-31, doi: 10.1038/ngeo388.
    • (2009) Nat. Geosci. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-31
    • Engel, A.1
  • 14
    • 33644620979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early validation analyses of atmospheric profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite
    • Froidevaux, L., et al., (2006), Early validation analyses of atmospheric profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44 (5), 1106-1121, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2006.864366.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 1106-1121
    • Froidevaux, L.1
  • 15
    • 83755222957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 at la Jolla, California, USA 1992-2007: Analysis of the long-term trend
    • 2 at La Jolla, California, USA 1992-2007: Analysis of the long-term trend, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02302, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016533.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. D02302
    • Graven, H.D.1    Guilderson, T.P.2    Keeling, R.F.3
  • 16
    • 84856611281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles
    • 2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02303, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016535.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. D02303
    • Graven, H.D.1    Guilderson, T.P.2    Keeling, R.F.3
  • 17
    • 77953746643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar influences on climate
    • Gray, L. J., et al., (2010), Solar influences on climate, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, doi: 10.1029/2009RG000282.
    • (2010) Rev. Geophys. , vol.48 , pp. RG4001
    • Gray, L.J.1
  • 18
    • 0033766148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon as a diagnostic tracer in ocean and carbon cycle modeling
    • Guilderson, T. P., K. Caldeira, and, P. B. Duffy, (2000), Radiocarbon as a diagnostic tracer in ocean and carbon cycle modeling, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14 (3), 887-902, doi: 10.1029/1999GB001192.
    • (2000) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 887-902
    • Guilderson, T.P.1    Caldeira, K.2    Duffy, P.B.3
  • 19
    • 0033792905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric residence time and its relationship to mean age
    • Hall, T. M., and, D. W. Waugh, (2000), Stratospheric residence time and its relationship to mean age, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (D5), 6773-6782, doi: 10.1029/1999JD901096.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.D5 , pp. 6773-6782
    • Hall, T.M.1    Waugh, D.W.2
  • 21
    • 0025583568 scopus 로고
    • On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and the troposphere
    • Holton, J. R., (1990), On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 392-395, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<0392:OTGEOM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 392-395
    • Holton, J.R.1
  • 25
    • 0024943850 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of excess carbon 14 and strontium 90 data for suitability to test two-dimensional stratospheric models
    • Johnston, H. S., (1989), Evaluation of excess carbon 14 and strontium 90 data for suitability to test two-dimensional stratospheric models, J. Geophys. Res., 94 (D15), 18,485-18,493, doi: 10.1029/JD094iD15p18485.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , Issue.D15 , pp. 18485-18493
    • Johnston, H.S.1
  • 26
    • 84878119689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weakened stratospheric quasibiennial oscillation driven by increased tropical mean upwelling
    • Kawatani, Y., and, K. Hamilton, (2013), Weakened stratospheric quasibiennial oscillation driven by increased tropical mean upwelling, Nature, 497 (7450), 478-481, doi: 10.1038/nature12140.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.497 , Issue.7450 , pp. 478-481
    • Kawatani, Y.1    Hamilton, K.2
  • 27
    • 0028563581 scopus 로고
    • Model study of atmospheric transport using carbon 14 and strontium 90 as inert tracers
    • Kinnison, D. E., H. S. Johnston, and, D. J. Wuebbles, (1994), Model study of atmospheric transport using carbon 14 and strontium 90 as inert tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D10), 20,647-20,664, doi: 10.1029/94JD01822.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D10 , pp. 20647-20664
    • Kinnison, D.E.1    Johnston, H.S.2    Wuebbles, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 0032570480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beryllium 10/beryllium 7 as a tracer of stratospheric transport
    • Koch, D., and, D. Rind, (1998), Beryllium 10/beryllium 7 as a tracer of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D4), 3907-3917, doi: 10.1029/97JD03117.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D4 , pp. 3907-3917
    • Koch, D.1    Rind, D.2
  • 29
    • 84862666460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new model of cosmogenic production of radiocarbon 14C in the atmosphere
    • Kovaltsov, G. A., A. Mishev, and, I. G. Usoskin, (2012), A new model of cosmogenic production of radiocarbon 14C in the atmosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 337, 114-120, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.036.
    • (2012) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.337 , pp. 114-120
    • Kovaltsov, G.A.1    Mishev, A.2    Usoskin, I.G.3
  • 30
    • 0001349422 scopus 로고
    • Cosmic Ray produced radioactivity on the Earth
    • edited by K. Sitte, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
    • Lal, D., and, B. Peters, (1967), Cosmic Ray produced radioactivity on the Earth, in Kosmische Strahlung II/Cosmic Rays II, edited by, K. Sitte, pp. 551-612, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg.
    • (1967) Kosmische Strahlung II/Cosmic Rays II , pp. 551-612
    • Lal, D.1    Peters, B.2
  • 31
    • 0033774466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon - A unique tracer of global carbon cycle dynamics
    • Levin, I., and, V. Hesshaimer, (2000), Radiocarbon-A unique tracer of global carbon cycle dynamics, Radiocarbon, 42 (1), 69-80.
    • (2000) Radiocarbon , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-80
    • Levin, I.1    Hesshaimer, V.2
  • 34
    • 84868383206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in stratospheric age spectra in the 21st century in the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM)
    • Li, F., D. W. Waugh, A. R. Douglass, P. A. Newman, S. E. Strahan, J. Ma, J. E. Nielsen, and, Q. Liang, (2012), Long-term changes in stratospheric age spectra in the 21st century in the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM), J. Geophys. Res., 117, D20119, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017905.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. D20119
    • Li, F.1    Waugh, D.W.2    Douglass, A.R.3    Newman, P.A.4    Strahan, S.E.5    Ma, J.6    Nielsen, J.E.7    Liang, Q.8
  • 35
    • 0001129548 scopus 로고
    • Time dependent worldwide distribution of atmospheric neutrons and of their products: 2 Calculation
    • Light, E. S., M. Merker, H. J. Verschell, R. B. Mendell, and, S. A. Korff, (1973), Time dependent worldwide distribution of atmospheric neutrons and of their products: 2 Calculation, J. Geophys. Res., 78 (16), 2741-2762, doi: 10.1029/JA078i016p02741.
    • (1973) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.78 , Issue.16 , pp. 2741-2762
    • Light, E.S.1    Merker, M.2    Verschell, H.J.3    Mendell, R.B.4    Korff, S.A.5
  • 36
    • 84977288262 scopus 로고
    • Production of carbon 14 by cosmic-ray neutrons
    • Lingenfelter, R. E., (1963), Production of carbon 14 by cosmic-ray neutrons, Revi. Geophys., 1 (1), 35-55, doi: 10.1029/RG001i001p00035.
    • (1963) Revi. Geophys. , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-55
    • Lingenfelter, R.E.1
  • 37
    • 0036352202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple procedure for evaluating global cosmogenic C-14 production in the atmosphere using neutron monitor data
    • Lowe, D. C., and, W. Allan, (2002), A simple procedure for evaluating global cosmogenic C-14 production in the atmosphere using neutron monitor data, Radiocarbon, 44 (1), 149-157.
    • (2002) Radiocarbon , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-157
    • Lowe, D.C.1    Allan, W.2
  • 38
    • 0016521713 scopus 로고
    • Balloon-borne low temperature air sampler
    • Lueb, R. A., D. H. Ehhalt, and, L. E. Heidt, (1975), Balloon-borne low temperature air sampler, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 46 (6), 702-705, doi: 10.1063/1.1134292.
    • (1975) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 702-705
    • Lueb, R.A.1    Ehhalt, D.H.2    Heidt, L.E.3
  • 39
    • 0033527020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen as a tracer of biosphere productivity
    • Luz, B., E. Barkan, M. L. Bender, M. H. Thiemens, and, K. A. Boering, (1999), Triple-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen as a tracer of biosphere productivity, Nature, 400 (6744), 547-550, doi: 10.1038/22987.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , Issue.6744 , pp. 547-550
    • Luz, B.1    Barkan, E.2    Bender, M.L.3    Thiemens, M.H.4    Boering, K.A.5
  • 40
    • 0033609246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of particle fluxes and cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth's atmosphere
    • Masarik, J., and, J. Beer, (1999), Simulation of particle fluxes and cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth's atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D10), 12,099-12,111, doi: 10.1029/1998JD200091.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.D10 , pp. 12099-12111
    • Masarik, J.1    Beer, J.2
  • 41
    • 0033788869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric ozone in 3-D models: A simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux
    • McLinden, C. A., S. C. Olsen, B. Hannegan, O. Wild, M. J. Prather, and, J. Sundet, (2000), Stratospheric ozone in 3-D models: A simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (D11), 14,653-14,665, doi: 10.1029/2000JD900124.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.D11 , pp. 14653-14665
    • McLinden, C.A.1    Olsen, S.C.2    Hannegan, B.3    Wild, O.4    Prather, M.J.5    Sundet, J.6
  • 43
    • 0028192622 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the flux of stratospheric reactive nitrogen and ozone into the troposphere
    • Murphy, D. M., and, D. W. Fahey, (1994), An estimate of the flux of stratospheric reactive nitrogen and ozone into the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D3), 5325-5332, doi: 10.1029/93JD03558.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D3 , pp. 5325-5332
    • Murphy, D.M.1    Fahey, D.W.2
  • 46
    • 0018433756 scopus 로고
    • Secular variations in the production of cosmogenic isotopes in the Earth's atmosphere
    • O'Brien, K., (1979), Secular variations in the production of cosmogenic isotopes in the Earth's atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 84 (A2), 423-431, doi: 10.1029/JA084iA02p00423.
    • (1979) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.84 , Issue.A2 , pp. 423-431
    • O'Brien, K.1
  • 47
    • 0035682469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • y system: Testing uncertainties in a 3-dimensional framework
    • y system: Testing uncertainties in a 3-dimensional framework, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D23), 28,771-28,784, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000559.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , Issue.D23 , pp. 28771-28784
    • Olsen, S.C.1    McLinden, C.A.2    Prather, M.J.3
  • 49
    • 2642570207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2O isotopologues in the stratosphere: Influence of transport on the apparent enrichment factors and the isotopologue fluxes to the troposphere
    • 2O isotopologues in the stratosphere: Influence of transport on the apparent enrichment factors and the isotopologue fluxes to the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D01305, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003731.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , pp. D01305
    • Park, S.1    Atlas, E.L.2    Boering, K.A.3
  • 50
    • 40649123809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracer interrelationships in the stratosphere
    • Plumb, R. A., (2007), Tracer interrelationships in the stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG4005, doi: 10.1029/2005RG000179.
    • (2007) Rev. Geophys. , vol.45 , pp. RG4005
    • Plumb, R.A.1
  • 51
    • 0011508991 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships between mixing ratios of long-lived stratospheric constituents
    • Plumb, R. A., and, M. K. W. Ko, (1992), Interrelationships between mixing ratios of long-lived stratospheric constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,145-10,156, doi: 10.1029/92JD00450.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 10145-10156
    • Plumb, R.A.1    Ko, M.K.W.2
  • 54
    • 33750624182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation
    • Randel, W. J., F. Wu, H. Vomel, G. E. Nedoluha, and, P. Forster, (2006), Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12312, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006744.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111 , pp. D12312
    • Randel, W.J.1    Wu, F.2    Vomel, H.3    Nedoluha, G.E.4    Forster, P.5
  • 55
    • 0038710976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and latitudinal variability of troposphere Delta(CO2)-C-14: Post bomb contributions from fossil fuels, oceans, the stratosphere, and the terrestrial biosphere
    • Randerson, J. T., I. G. Enting, E. A. G. Schuur, K. Caldeira, and, I. Y. Fung, (2002), Seasonal and latitudinal variability of troposphere Delta(CO2)-C-14: Post bomb contributions from fossil fuels, oceans, the stratosphere, and the terrestrial biosphere, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16 (4), 1112, doi: 10.1029/2002GB001876.
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 1112
    • Randerson, J.T.1    Enting, I.G.2    Schuur, E.A.G.3    Caldeira, K.4    Fung, I.Y.5
  • 56
    • 61749083296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where do fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions from California go? An analysis based on radiocarbon observations and an atmospheric transport model
    • Riley, W. J., D. Y. Hsueh, J. T. Randerson, M. L. Fischer, J. G. Hatch, D. E. Pataki, W. Wang, and, M. L. Goulden, (2008), Where do fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions from California go? An analysis based on radiocarbon observations and an atmospheric transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G04002, doi: 10.1029/2007JG000625.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , pp. G04002
    • Riley, W.J.1    Hsueh, D.Y.2    Randerson, J.T.3    Fischer, M.L.4    Hatch, J.G.5    Pataki, D.E.6    Wang, W.7    Goulden, M.L.8
  • 57
    • 2642570251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMPACT, the LLNL 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of ozone and other trace gases
    • Rotman, D. A., et al., (2004), IMPACT, the LLNL 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of ozone and other trace gases, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04303, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003155.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , pp. D04303
    • Rotman, D.A.1
  • 58
    • 0346069104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems
    • Schoeberl, M. R., A. R. Douglass, Z. X. Zhu, and, S. Pawson, (2003), A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4113, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002652.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4113
    • Schoeberl, M.R.1    Douglass, A.R.2    Zhu, Z.X.3    Pawson, S.4
  • 59
    • 84859556150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed temporal evolution of global mean age of stratospheric air for the 2002 to 2010 period
    • Stiller, G. P., et al., (2012), Observed temporal evolution of global mean age of stratospheric air for the 2002 to 2010 period, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12 (7), 3311-3331, doi: 10.5194/acp-12-3311-2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 3311-3331
    • Stiller, G.P.1
  • 60
    • 80052784494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using transport diagnostics to understand chemistry climate model ozone simulations
    • Strahan, S. E., et al., (2011), Using transport diagnostics to understand chemistry climate model ozone simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17302, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015360.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116 , pp. D17302
    • Strahan, S.E.1
  • 61
    • 84977328075 scopus 로고
    • Reporting of C-14 data - Discussion
    • Stuiver, M., and, H. A. Polach, (1977), Reporting of C-14 data-Discussion, Radiocarbon, 19 (3), 355-363.
    • (1977) Radiocarbon , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-363
    • Stuiver, M.1    Polach, H.A.2
  • 62
    • 0001327592 scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood
    • Suess, H. E., (1955), Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood, Science, 122, 415-417, doi: 10.1126/science.122.3166.415-a.
    • (1955) Science , vol.122 , pp. 415-417
    • Suess, H.E.1
  • 63
    • 0001629685 scopus 로고
    • Secular variations of cosmic-ray-produced carbon 14 in atmosphere and their interpretations
    • Suess, H. E., (1965), Secular variations of cosmic-ray-produced carbon 14 in atmosphere and their interpretations, J. Geophys. Res., 70 (23), 5937-5952, doi: 10.1029/JZ070i023p05937.
    • (1965) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.70 , Issue.23 , pp. 5937-5952
    • Suess, H.E.1
  • 64
    • 0033863534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: Radiocarbon constraints on belowground C dynamics
    • Trumbore, S., (2000), Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: Radiocarbon constraints on belowground C dynamics, Ecol. Appl., 10 (2), 399-411, doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0399:AOSOMA]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl. , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 399-411
    • Trumbore, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.