On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 3937-3948

  Bonisch H ^a   Engel, A ^a   Birner, Th ^b   Hoor, P ^c   Tarasick, D W ^d   Ray, E A ^e,f  

^a GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^c JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^e NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CORRELATION; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; MIDLATITUDE ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; OZONE; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; STRATOSPHERE; TRACER; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; TROPOPAUSE; UPWELLING;

EID: 79955530434     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B.: Middle atmosphere dynamics, International geophysics series, v 40, Academic Press, Orlando, xi, 489 pp., 1987.
2. Appenzeller, C., Holton, J. R., and Rosenlof, K. H.: Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15071-15078, 1996.
3. Austin, J. and Li, F.: On the relationship between the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the age of stratospheric air, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 33, L17807, doi:10.1029/2006gl026867, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945678)
4. Beuermann, R., Konopka, P., Brunner, D., Bujok, O., Gunther, G., McKenna, D. S., Lelieveld, J., Muller, R., and Schiller, C.: High-resolution measurements and simulation of stratospheric and tro-pospheric intrusions in the vicinity of the polar jet stream, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 29, 1577, doi:10.1029/2001gl014162, 2002.
5. Birner, T. and Bönisch, H.: Residual circulation trajectories and transit times into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 11, 817-827, doi:10.5194/acp-11-817-2011, 2011.
6. 2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5905-5919, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5905-2009, 2009.
7. 3 production, J. Atmos. Chem., 26, 275-310, 1997.
8. 3 relationship in the lowermost stratosphere: A diagnostic for mixing processes as represented by a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17279-17290, 2000.
9. Brewer, A. W.: Evidence for a World Circulation Provided by the Measurements of Helium and Water Vapour Distribution in the Stratosphere, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 351-363, 1949.
10. Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Kuensch, H.-R., and Bodeker, G. E.: A Kalman filter reconstruction of the vertical ozone distribution in an equivalent latitude - potential temperature framework from TOMS/GOME/SBUV total ozone observations, J. Geo-phys. Res., 111, 1-20, doi:10.1029/2005jd006279, 2006a. (Pubitemid 44687647)
11. Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Maeder, J. A., Wohltmann, I., and Bodeker, G. E.: Variability and trends in total and vertically resolved stratospheric ozone based on the CATO ozone data set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4985-5008, doi:10.5194/acp-6-4985-2006, 2006b. (Pubitemid 44673541)
12. Bujok, O., Tan, V., Klein, E., Nopper, R., Bauer, R., Engel, A., Gerhards, M. T., Afchine, A., McKenna, D. S., Schmidt, U., Wienhold, F. G., and Fischer, H.: GHOST - A novel airborne gas chromatograph for in situ measurements of long-lived tracers in the lower stratosphere: Method and applications, J. Atmos. Chem., 39, 37-64, 2001. (Pubitemid 32471867)
13. Butchart, N., Scaife, A., Bourqui, M., de Grandpré, J., Hare, S., Kettleborough, J., Langematz, U., Manzini, E., Sassi, F., Shibata, K., Shindell, D., and Sigmond, M.: Simulations of anthropogenic change in the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, Clim. Dynam., 27, 727-741, doi:10.1007/s00382-006- 0162-4, 2006. (Pubitemid 44550671)
14. Collins, J. E., Sachse, G. W., Anderson, B. E., Weinheimer, A. J., Walega, J. G., and Ridley, B. A.: AASE-II in-Situ Tracer Correlations of Methane, Nitrous-Oxide, and Ozone as Observed Aboard the DC-8, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2543-2546, 1993.
15. Dobson, G. M. B.: Origin and Distribution of the Polyatomic Molecules in the Atmosphere, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series a-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 236, 187-193, 1956.
16. Engel, A., Bönisch, H., Brunner, D., Fischer, H., Franke, H., Günther, G., Gurk, C., Hegglin, M., Hoor, P., Königstedt, R., Krebsbach, M., Maser, R., Parchatka, U., Peter, T., Schell, D., Schiller, C., Schmidt, U., Spelten, N., Szabo, T., Weers, U., Wernli, H., Wetter, T., and Wirth, V.: Highly resolved observations of trace gases in the lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere from the Spurt project: an overview, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 283-301, doi:10.5194/acp-6-283-2006, 2006.
17. Engel, A., Mobius, T., Bönisch, H., Schmidt, U., Heinz, R., Levin, I., Atlas, E., Aoki, S., Nakazawa, T., Sugawara, S., Moore, F., Hurst, D., Elkins, J., Schauffler, S., Andrews, A., and Boering, K.: Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years, Nature Geoscience, 2, 28-31, doi:10.1038/Ngeo388, 2009.
18. Fischer, H., Wienhold, F. G., Hoor, P., Bujok, O., Schiller, C., Siegmund, P., Ambaum, M., Scheeren, H. A., and Lelieveld, J.: Tracer correlations in the northern high latitude lowermost stratosphere: Influence of cross-tropopause mass exchange, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 97-100, 2000.
19. Forster, P. M. D. and Shine, K. P.: Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10841-10855, 1997. (Pubitemid 127557703)
20. Garcia, R. R. and Randel, W. J.: Acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation due to increases in greenhouse gases, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2731-2739, doi:10.1175/2008jas2712.1, 2008.
21. Haynes, P. H., McIntyre, M. E., Shepherd, T. G., Marks, C. J., and Shine, K. P.: On the "Downward Control" of Extratropical Di-abatic Circulations by Eddy-Induced Mean Zonal Forces, J. At-mos. Sci., 48, 651-678, 1991.
22. 2O correlations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment: Revisiting a diagnostic of transport and chemistry in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D19301, doi:10.1029/2006jd008281, 2007. (Pubitemid 350226637)
23. 3 during SPURT: implications for transport and chemistry in the lowermost stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1331-1350, doi:10.5194/acp-6-1331-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44198603)
24. Hoor, P., Fischer, H., Lange, L., Lelieveld, J., and Brunner, D.: Seasonal variations of a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere as identified by the CO-O3 correlation from in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4044, doi:10.1029/2000jd000289, 2002.
25. Hoor, P., Gurk, C., Brunner, D., Hegglin, M. I., Wernli, H., and Fischer, H.: Seasonality and extent of extratropical TST derived from in-situ CO measurements during SPURT, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1427-1442, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1427-2004, 2004. (Pubitemid 39316231)
26. Hoor, P., Fischer, H., and Lelieveld, J.: Tropical and extratrop-ical tropospheric air in the lowermost stratosphere over Europe: A CO-based budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07802, doi:10.1029/2004gl022018, 2005. (Pubitemid 40959015)
27. Lelieveld, J., Bregman, B., Arnold, F., Burger, V., Crutzen, P. J., Fischer, H., Waibel, A., Siegmund, P., and van Velthoven, P. F. J.: Chemical perturbation of the lowermost stratosphere through exchange with the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 603-606, 1997.
28. Li, F., Austin, J., and Wilson, J.: The Strength of the Brewer-Dobson Circulation in a Changing Climate: Coupled Chemistry-Climate Model Simulations, J. Climate, 21, 40-57, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1663.1, 2008. (Pubitemid 351395657)
29. McFarlane, N. A.: The Effect of Orographically Excited Gravity-Wave Drag on the General-Circulation of the Lower Stratosphere and Troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1775-1800, 1987.
30. McIntyre, M. E. and Palmer, T. N.: The "surf zone" in the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 825-849, 1984.
31. McLandress, C. and Shepherd, T. G.: Simulated Anthropogenic Changes in the Brewer-Dobson Circulation, Including Its Extension to High Latitudes, J. Climate, 22, 1516-1540, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2679.1, 2009.
32. Neu, J. L. and Plumb, R. A.: Age of air in a "leaky pipe" model of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19243-19255, 1999.
33. Onogi, K., Tsutsui, J., Koide, H., Sakamoto, M., Kobayashi, S., Hatsushika, H., Matsumoto, T., Yamazaki, N., Kamahori, H., Takahashi, K., Kadokura, S., Wada, K., Kato, K., Oyama, R., Ose, T., Mannoji, N., and Taira, R.: The JRA-25 Reanalysis, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 85, 369-432, 2007. (Pubitemid 47278749)
34. Pan, L. L., Randel, W. J., Gary, B. L., Mahoney, M. J., and Hintsa, E. J.: Definitions and sharpness of the extratropical tropopause: A trace gas perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23103, doi:10.1029/2004jd004982, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318552)
35. Plumb, R. A.: A "tropical pipe" model of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3957-3972, 1996.
36. Plumb, R. A.: Stratospheric Transport, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 80, 793-809, 2002. (Pubitemid 36196002)
37. Plumb, R. A.: Tracer interrelationships in the stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG4005, doi:10.1029/2005rg000179, 2007.
38. Plumb, R. A. and Ko, M. K. W.: Interrelationships between Mixing Ratios of Long Lived Stratospheric Constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10145-10156, 1992.
39. Proffitt, M. H., Aikin, K., Tuck, A. F., Margitan, J. J., Webster, C. R., Toon, G. C., and Elkins, J. W.: Seasonally averaged ozone and nitrous oxide in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4110, doi:10.1029/2002jd002657, 2003.
40. Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Vomel, H., Nedoluha, G. E., and Forster, P.: Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12312, doi:10.1029/2005jd006744, 2006. (Pubitemid 44687651)
41. Ray, E. A., Moore, F. L., Rosenlof, K. H., Davis, S. M., Boenisch, H., Morgenstern, O., Smale, D., Rozanov, E., Hegglin, M., Pitari, G., Mancini, E., Braesicke, P., Butchart, N., Hardiman, S., Li, F., Shibata, K., and Plummer, D. A.: Evidence for changes in stratospheric transport and mixing over the past three decades based on multiple data sets and tropical leaky pipe analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21304, doi:10.1029/2010jd014206, 2010.
42. Rosenlof, K. H.: Seasonal Cycle of the Residual Mean Meridional Circulation in the Stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5173-5191, 1995.
43. Rosenlof, K. H. and Reid, G. C.: Trends in the temperature and water vapor content of the tropical lower stratosphere: Sea surface connection, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D06107, doi:10.1029/2007jd009109, 2008.
44. Rosenlof, K. H., Tuck, A. F., Kelly, K. K., Russell, J. M., and Mc-Cormick, M. P.: Hemispheric asymmetries in water vapor and inferences about transport in the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13213-13234, 1997. (Pubitemid 127683131)
45. Russell, J. M., Gordley, L. L., Park, J. H., Drayson, S. R., Hesketh, W. D., Cicerone, R. J., Tuck, A. F., Frederick, J. E., Harries, J. E., and Crutzen, P. J.: The Halogen Occultation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10777-10797, 1993.
46. Shepherd, T. G.: Transport in the middle atmosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 85B, 165-191, 2007. (Pubitemid 47506046)
47. Singh, H. B., Chen, Y., Gregory, G. L., Sachse, G. W., Talbot, R., Blake, D. R., Kondo, Y., Bradshaw, J. D., Heikes, B., and Thornton, D.: Trace chemical measurements from the northern midlat-itude lowermost stratosphere in early spring: Distributions, correlations, and fate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 127-130, 1997.
48. Solomon, S., Rosenlof, K. H., Portmann, R. W., Daniel, J. S., Davis, S. M., Sanford, T. J., and Plattner, G. K.: Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in the Rate of Global Warming, Science, 327, 1219-1223, doi:10.1126/science.1182488, 2010.
49. Sparling, L. C.: Statistical perspectives on stratospheric transport, Rev. Geophys., 38, 417-436, doi:10.1029/1999rg000070, 2000. (Pubitemid 32196695)
50. Tarasick, D. W., Fioletov, V. E., Wardle, D. I., Kerr, J. B., and Davies, J.: Changes in the vertical distribution of ozone over Canada from ozonesondes: 1980-2001, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 1-19, doi:10.1029/2004jd004643, 2005.
51. Volk, C. M., Elkins, J. W., Fahey, D. W., Salawitch, R. J., Dutton, G. S., Gilligan, J. M., Proffitt, M. H., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R., Minschwaner, K., Margitan, J. J., and Chan, K. R.: Quantifying transport between the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere, Science, 272, 1763-1768, 1996.
52. Wernli, H. and Davies, H. C.: A Lagrangian-based analysis of ex-tratropical cyclones .1. The method and some applications, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 467-489, 1997.
53. Ziereis, H., Schlager, H., Fischer, H., Feigl, C., Hoor, P., Marquardt, R., and Wagner, V.: Aircraft measurements of tracer correlations in the Arctic subvorter region during the Polar Stratospheric Aerosol Experiment (POLSTAR), J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24305-24313, 2000.