24-hour urine samples are more reproducible than spot urine samples for evaluation of iodine status in school-age children

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 146, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 142-146

  Chen, Wen ^a   Wu, Yalan ^a   Lin, Laixiang ^b   Tan, Long ^a   Shen, Jun ^a   Pearce, Elizabeth N ^c   Guo, Xiaohui ^a   Wang, Wei ^a   Bian, Jianchao ^d   Jiang, Wen ^d   Zhang, Wanqi ^a  

^a School of Public Health   (China)

^b TIANJIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d The Shandong Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research   (China)

Author keywords

Children; Urinary creatinine; Urinary iodine concentration; Urinary iodine excretion; Urinary volume

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER; IODINE; CREATININE;

24 HOUR URINE IODINE EXCRETION; 24 HOUR URINE SAMPLE; ARTICLE; CHILD; CREATININE URINE LEVEL; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MORNING SPOT URINE IODINE CONCENTRATION; SCHOOL CHILD; SPOT URINE SAMPLE; URINALYSIS; URINARY EXCRETION; URINE IODINE CONCENTRATION; URINE VOLUME; ADOLESCENT; CHEMISTRY; CHINA; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; REPRODUCIBILITY; URINE;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHINA; CREATININE; DRINKING WATER; FEMALE; HUMANS; IODINE; MALE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 84959269593     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: 15416100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.215806     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. 3rd ed. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; 2007.
2. Rasmussen LB, Ovesen L, Christiansen E. Day-to-day and within-day variation in urinary iodine excretion. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:401-7.
3. Vanacor R, Soares R, Manica D, Furlanetto TW. Urinary iodine in 24 h is associated with natriuresis and is better reflected by an afternoon sample. Ann Nutr Metab 2008;53:43-9.
4. Als C, Helbling A, Peter K, Haldimann M, Zimmerli B, Gerber H. Urinary iodine concentration follows a circadian rhythm: a study with 3023 spot urine samples in adults and children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1367-9.
5. Andersen S, Karmisholt J, Pedersen KM, Laurberg P. Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals. Br J Nutr 2008;99:813-8.
6. Karmisholt J, Laurberg P, Andersen S. Recommended number of participants in iodine nutrition studies is similar before and after an iodine fortification programme. Eur J Nutr 2014;53:487-92.
7. Konig F, AnderssonM, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women. J Nutr 2011;141:2049-54.
8. Zimmermann MB, Andersson M. Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future. Nutr Rev 2012;70:553-70.
9. Lindorfer H, Krebs M, Kautzky-Willer A, Bancher-Todesca D, Sager M, Gessl A. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Austria. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015;69:349-54.
10. Vejbjerg P, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Laurberg P, Andersen S, Rasmussen LB, Ovesen L, Jorgensen T. Estimation of iodine intake from various urinary iodine measurements in population studies. Thyroid 2009;19:1281-6.
11. Brantsaeter AL, Haugen M, Julshamn K, Alexander J, Meltzer HM. Evaluation of urinary iodine excretion as a biomarker for intake of milk and dairy products in pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:347-54.
12. Milhoransa P, Vanacor R, Weber Furlanetto T. Intra- and interindividual iodine excretion in 24 hours in individuals in southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Ann Nutr Metab 2010;57:260-4.
13. Vought RL, London WT, Lutwak L, Dublin TD. Reliability of estimates of serum inorganic iodine and daily fecal and urinary iodine excretion from single casual specimens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1963;23:1218-28.
14. Knudsen N, Christiansen E, Brandt-Christensen M, Nygaard B, Perrild H. Age- and sex-adjusted iodine/creatinine ratio. A new standard in epidemiological surveys? Evaluation of three different estimates of iodine excretion based on casual urine samples and comparison to 24 h values. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:361-3.
15. CNS. Chinese DRIs. Science Press; 2013.
16. Jakobsen J, Pedersen AN, Ovesen L. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: effects of age and dosage scheduling. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:138-42.
17. Remer T, Fonteyn N, Alexy U, Berkemeyer S. Longitudinal examination of 24-h urinary iodine excretion in schoolchildren as a sensitive, hydration status-independent research tool for studying iodine status. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:639-46.
18. Charlton KE, Batterham MJ, Buchanan LM, Mackerras D. Intraindividual variation in urinary iodine concentrations: effect of adjustment on population distribution using two and three repeated spot urine collections. BMJ Open 2014;4:e003799.
19. Andersen S, Pedersen KM, Pedersen IB, Laurberg P. Variations in urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function. A 1-year study in healthy men. Eur J Endocrinol 2001;144:461-5.
20. Busnardo B, Nacamulli D, Zambonin L, Mian C, Piccolo M, Girelli ME. Restricted intraindividual urinary iodine concentration variability in nonfasting subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006;60:421-5.
21. Konrade I, DambrovaM,Makrecka M, Neimane L, Strele I, Liepinsh E, Lejnieks A, Vevere P, Gruntmanis U, Pirags V. Seasonal iodine deficiency in Latvian school children. Thyroid 2012;22:1088-9.
22. Moreno-Reyes R, Carpentier YA, Macours P, Gulbis B, Corvilain B, Glinoer D, Goldman S. Seasons but not ethnicity influence urinary iodine concentrations in Belgian adults. Eur J Nutr 2011;50:285-90.
23. Als C, Haldimann M, Burgi E, Donati F, Gerber H, Zimmerli B. Swiss pilot study of individual seasonal fluctuations of urinary iodine concentration over two years: is age-dependency linked to the major source of dietary iodine? Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:636-46.
24. Shen H, Liu S, Sun D, Zhang S, Su X, Shen Y, Han H. Geographical distribution of drinking-water with high iodine level and association between high iodine level in drinking-water and goitre: a Chinese national investigation. Br J Nutr 2011;106:243-7.
25. Wu Y, Li X, Chang S, Liu L, Zou S, Hipgrave DB. Variable iodine intake persists in the context of universal salt iodization in China. J Nutr 2012;142:1728-34.
26. Bath SC, Walter A, Taylor A, Wright J, Rayman MP. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in the South East of the UK: the influence of diet and nutritional supplements on iodine status. Br J Nutr 2014;111:1622-31.
27. Perrine CG, Cogswell ME, Swanson CA, Sullivan KM, Chen TC, Carriquiry AL, Dodd KW, Caldwell KL, Wang CY. Comparison of population iodine estimates from 24-hour urine and timed-spot urine samples. Thyroid 2014;24:748-57.
28. Als C, Minder C, Willems D, Van Thi HV, Gerber H, Bourdoux P. Quantification of urinary iodine: a need for revised thresholds. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:1181-8.
29. Bourdoux P. Evaluation of the iodine intake: problems of the iodine/creatinine ratio-comparison with iodine excretion and daily fluctuations of iodine concentration. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1998;106 Suppl 3:S17-20.
30. Ohira S, Kirk AB, Dyke JV, Dasgupta PK. Creatinine adjustment of spot urine samples and 24 h excretion of iodine, selenium, perchlorate, and thiocyanate. Environ Sci Technol 2008;42:9419-23.
31. Haddow JE, McClain MR, Palomaki GE, Hollowell JG. Urine iodine measurements, creatinine adjustment, and thyroid deficiency in an adult United States population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1019-22.
32. Remer T, Manz F. The inadequacy of the urinary iodine-creatinine ratio for the assessment of iodine status during infancy, childhood and adolescence. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1994;8:217-9.