An investigation of the 'female camouflage effect' in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences

Molecular Autism

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Rynkiewicz, Agnieszka ^a,b   Schuller, Björn ^c,d,e   Marchi, Erik ^c   Piana, Stefano ^f   Camurri, Antonio ^f   Lassalle, Amandine ^g   Baron Cohen, Simon ^g  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GDANSK   (Poland)

^b Centrum Diagnozy   (Poland)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^d IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PASSAU   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

ADOS 2; Computer application; Diagnosis; Females with autism

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUTISM; AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE SECOND EDITION; AUTISM SPECTRUM QUOTIENT; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPUTER PROGRAM; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; FEMALE; GESTURE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MALE; PARENT; POLISH CITIZEN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION QUESTIONNAIRE CURRENT AND LIFETIME; SPEECH; STEREOTYPY; AUTISTIC DISORDER; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; EMOTION; EYE FIXATION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; POLAND; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; CULTURE; DIAGNOSIS, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS; EMOTIONS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; GESTURES; HUMANS; MALE; PARENTS; POLAND; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOFTWARE; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 84959172997     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20402392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0073-0     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams J, Bolton P, Matthews FE, et al. Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194(6):500-9.
2. Knickmeyer RC, Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen SB. Sex-typical play: masculinization/defeminization in girls with an autism spectrum condition. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008;38:1028-35.
3. Baron-Cohen SB, Jaffa T, Davies S, Auyeung B, Allison C, Wheelwright S. Do girls with anorexia nervosa have elevated autistic traits? Molecular Autism. 2013;4:24.
4. Kim JA, Szatmari P, Bryson SE, Streiner DL, Wilson FJ. The prevalence of anxiety and mood problems among children with autism and Asperger syndrome. Autism. 2000;4:117-32.
5. Pisula E, Kawa R, Szostakiewicz Ł, Łucka I, Kawa M, Rynkiewicz A. Autistic traits in male and female students and individuals with high functioning autism spectrum disorders measured by the Polish version of the autism-spectrum quotient. PLoS One. 2013;8(9), e75236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075236.
6. Fombonne E. Epidemiological studies of pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2003;33(4):365-82.
7. Solomon M, Miller M, Taylor SL, Hinshaw SP, Carter CS. Autism symptoms and internalizing psychopathology in girls and boys with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012;42:48-59. doi: 10.1007/s10803-011-1215-z.
8. Lai M-C, Lombardo MV, Ruigrok ANV, Chakrabarti B, Wheelwright SJ, Auyeung B, et al. Cognition in males and females with autism: similarities and differences. PLoS One. 2012;7(10), e47198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone0047198.
9. Mattila ML, Kielinen M, Linna SL, Jussila K, Ebeling H, Bloigu R, et al. Autism spectrum disorders according to DSM-IV-TR and comparison with DSM-5 draft criteria: An epidemiological study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:583-92.
10. Kim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh YJ, Fombonne E, Laska E, Lim EC, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:904-12.
11. Rynkiewicz A, Kulik M. Wystandaryzowane, interaktywne narzędzia do diagnozy zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu a nowe kryteria diagnostyczne DSM-5. Psychiatria. 2013;10(2):41-8.
12. Kopp S, Gillberg C. Girls with social deficits and learning problems: Autism, atypical Asperger syndrome or a variant of these conditions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992;1:89-99.
13. Mandy W, Chilvers R, Chowdhury U, Salter G, Seigal A, Skuse D. Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: evidence from a large sample of children and adolescents. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011;42:1304-13.
14. Boyd K, Woodbury-Smith M, Szatmari P. Managing anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with autism-spectrum disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2011;36(4):35-6.
15. Chugani DC, Muzik O, Behen M, Rothermel R, Janisse JJ, Lee J, et al. Developmental changes in brain serotonin synthesis capacity in autistic and nonautistic children. Ann Neurol. 1999;45(3):287-95.
16. Miguel T, Borges L, Vicente AM. Variants of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) significantly contribute to hyperserotonemia in autism. Mol Psychiatry. 2004;9(3):264-71.
17. Hollander E, Novotny S, Hanratty M, Yaffe R, DeCaria CM, Aronowitz BR, et al. Oxytocin infusion reduces repetitive behaviours in adults with autistic and Asperger's disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28(1):193-8.
18. Carter CS. Sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin: Implication for autism spectrum disorders? Behav Brain Res. 2007;176:170-86.
19. Baron-Cohen S, Auyeung B, Norgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, Abdallah MW, Melgaard L, et al. Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism. Mol Psychiatry. 2015;20(3):369-76. doi: 10.1038/mp.2014.48PMID:24888361.
20. Rynkiewicz A, Łucka I, Fryze M. Wysokofunkcjonujące dziewczęta z autyzmem i zespołem Aspergera - przyczyny rzadkiego diagnozowania. Opis przypadków. Psychiatria. 2012;9(2):43-52.
21. Constantino JN, Todd RD. Autistic traits in the general population: A twin study. Archives General Psychiatry. 2003;60:524-30.
22. Rynkiewicz A, Łucka I. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in girls. Co-occurring psychopathology. Sex differences in clinical manifestation. Psychiatr. Pol. ONLINE FIRST Nr 31. Published ahead of print 27 September 2015. http://www.psychiatriapolska.pl/online-first-nr31.html; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/58837
23. th Annual International Meeting For Autism Research, Salt Lake City, USA, International Society for Autism Research (INSAR). 2015. https://imfar.confex.com/imfar/2015/webprogram/Paper20520.html. Accessed 19 Oct 2015.
24. Stone WL, McMahon CR, Henderson LM. Use of the screening tool for autism in two-year-olds (STAT) for children under 24 months: An exploratory study. Autism. 2008;12(5):557-73.
25. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
26. Head AM, McGillivray JA, Stokes MA. Gender differences in emotionality and sociability in children with autism spectrum disorders. Mol Autism. 2014;5:19.
27. Rynkiewicz A, Ptaszek K. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) females and males in Poland - similarities and differences in clinical picture and coexisting psychopathology. 10th International Autism-Europe Congress. New Dimensions for Autism. Budapest, Hungary. HProc.110-111. 2013. http://www.autismeurope.org/files/files/autism-europe-congress-2013-programme.pdf. Accessed 19 Oct 2015.
28. Lord C, Rutter M, DiLavorne PC, Risi S, Gotham K, Bishop SL. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) Manual (Part I): Modules 1-4. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services; 2012.
29. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001;31(1):5-17.
30. Rutter M, Bailey A, Lord C. SCQ: Social Communication Questionnaire. Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services; 2010.
31. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Auyeung B, Chakrabarti B, Baron-Cohen S. Sex/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54(1):11-24.
32. Van Wijngaarden-Cremers PJ, van Eeten E, Groen WB, Van Deurzen PA, Oosterling IJ, Van der Gaag RJ. Gender and age differences in the core triad of impairments in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014;44(3):627-35.
33. Camaioni L, Paola P, Filippo M, Annarita M. Brief report: A longitudinal examination of the communicative gestures deficit in young children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 1997;27:715-25.
34. Medeiros K, Winsler A. Parent-child gesture use during problem solving in autistic spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014;44:1946-58.
35. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.
36. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, Fourth; 2000.
37. Piana S, Stagliano A, Odone F, Verri A, Camurri A. Real-time automatic emotion recognition from body gestures, Proc. IDGEI; 2014. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.5047.pdf.
38. Camurri A, Lagerlof I, Volpe G. Recognizing emotion from dance movement: comparison of spectator recognition and automated techniques. Int J Human-Comput Studies. 2003;59(1):213-25.
39. Laban R. Modern educational dance. London: Macdonald & Evans; 1963.
40. Laban R, Lawrence FC. Effort. London: Macdonald & Evans; 1947.
41. Wallbott H, Bodily G. Bodily expression of emotion. Eur J Social Psychol. 1998;28(6):879-96.
42. Auyeung B, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Allison C. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient: Children's Version (AQ-Child). J Autism Dev Disord. 2008;38:1230-40. Polish adaptation: Pisula E., Rynkiewicz, A., Łucka, I. (2010). https://spectrumascmed.com/files/q2-child-pl.pdf. Accessed 19 Oct 2015.
43. Baron-Cohen, S. Wheelwright & T. Jolliffe. Visual Cognition. 1997; 4: 311-331. Polish adaptation: Rynkiewicz, A., Ptaszek K. (2013). http://www.autismresearchcentre.com/arc-tests. Accessed 19 Oct 2015.
44. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Scahill V, Lawson J, Spong A. Journal of Development and Learning Disorders. 2001; 5, 47-78. Polish adaptation: Rynkiewicz, A., Ptaszek, K. (2013). http://www.autismresearchcentre.com/arc-tests. Accessed 19 Oct 2015.