Do girls with anorexia nervosa have elevated autistic traits?

Molecular Autism

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Baron Cohen, Simon ^a,b   Jaffa, Tony ^b   Davies, Sarah ^b   Auyeung, Bonnie ^a   Allison, Carrie ^a   Wheelwright, Sally ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND PETERBOROUGH NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anorexia; Autism spectrum conditions; Autistic traits; Broader autism phenotype

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DISEASE; ADULT; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; ARTICLE; AUTISM; AUTISM SPECTRUM QUOTIENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMPATHY; EMPATHY QUOTIENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL PARAMETERS; PARENT; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF REPORT; SYSTEMIZING QUOTIENT;

EID: 84881439850     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20402392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-4-24     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. A.P.A, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association 4 1994
2. Screening for abnormal eating attitudes and psychiatric morbidity in an unselected population of 15-year-old schoolgirls. Mann AH, Wakeling A, Wood K, Monck E, Dobbs R, Szmukler G, Psychol Med 1983 13 573 580 10.1017/ S0033291700047991 6622610 (Pubitemid 13019022)
3. Sex differences in perceptions of desirable body shape. Fallon AE, Rozin P, J Abnorm Psychol 1985 94 102 105 3980849 (Pubitemid 16147367)
4. Comparison between weight-preoccupied women and anorexia nervosa. Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Polivy J, Garfinkel PE, Psychosom Med 1984 46 255 266 6739685 (Pubitemid 14111977)
5. Family interaction in eating disorder patients and normal controls. Kog E, Vandereycken W, Int J Eat Disord 1989 8 11 23 10.1002/1098-108X(198901)8: 1<11::AID-EAT2260080103>3.0.CO;2-1 (Pubitemid 19032282)
6. Bruch H, Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and the Person Within New York: Basic Books 1973
7. Anorexia nervosa: a study of 34 twin pairs and one set of triplets. Holland A, Hall A, Murray R, Russell GF, Crisp AH, Br J Psychiatry 1984 145 414 419 10.1192/bjp.145.4.414 6593110 (Pubitemid 14044929)
8. Candidate gene polymorphisms in eating disorders. Hinney A, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J, Eur J Pharmacol 2000 410 147 159 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00812-8 11134666 (Pubitemid 32008140)
9. Clinical findings in patients with anorexia nervosa and affective illness in their relatives. Gershon ES, Schreiber JL, Hamovit JR, Dibble ED, Kaye W, Nurnberger JI Jr, Andersen AE, Ebert M, Am J Psychiatry 1984 141 1419 1422 6496786 (Pubitemid 14023941)
10. Estimated Intelligence Quotient in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Lopez C, Stahl D, Tchanturia K, Ann Gen Psychiatry 2010 9 40 10.1186/1744-859X-9-40 21182794
11. Brief report: "the autism epidemic". The registered prevalence of autism in a Swedish urban area. Gillberg C, Cederlund M, Lamberg K, Zeijlon L, J Autism Dev Disord 2006 36 429 435 10.1007/s10803-006-0081-6 16568356 (Pubitemid 43828667)
12. Autistic traits in the general population. Constantino JN, Todd RD, Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003 60 524 530 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 12742874 (Pubitemid 36539062)
13. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E, J Autism Dev Disord 2001 31 5 17 10.1023/A:1005653411471 11439754
14. Altered social hedonic processing in eating disorders. Tchanturia K, Davies H, Harrison A, Fox JR, Treasure J, Schmidt U, Int J Eat Disord 2012 45 962 969 10.1002/eat.22032 22693046
15. Brief report: selective social anhedonia in high functioning autism. Chevallier C, Grezes J, Molesworth C, Berthoz S, Happe F, J Autism Dev Disord 2012 42 1504 1509 10.1007/s10803-011-1364-0 21986875
16. Emotional intelligence in anorexia nervosa: is anxiety a missing piece of the puzzle? Hambrook D, Brown G, Tchanturia K, Psychiatry Res 2012 200 12 19 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.017 22703722
17. A comparison of the trait emotional intelligence profiles of individuals with and without Asperger syndrome. Petrides K, Hudry K, Michalaria G, Swami V, Sevdalis N, Autism 2011 15 671 682 10.1177/1362361310397217 21690084
18. The 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test, revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I, J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001 42 241 252 10.1111/1469-7610.00715 11280420
19. The 'Reading the Mind in Films' task: complex emotion recognition in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions. Golan O, Baron-Cohen S, Hill JJ, Golan Y, Soc Neurosci 2006 1 111 123 10.1080/17470910600980986 18633780
20. "Theory of Mind" in anorexia nervosa. Tchanturia K, Happe F, Godley J, Treasure J, Bara-Carril N, Schmidt U, Eur Eat Disord Rev 2004 12 361 366
21. Emotional functioning in anorexia nervosa patients: adolescents compared to adults. Zonnevylle-Bender MJ, van Goozen SH, Cohen-Kettenis PT, van Elburg A, de Wildt M, Stevelmans E, van Engeland H, Depress Anxiety 2004 19 35 42 10.1002/da.10145 14978784 (Pubitemid 38304841)
22. The recognition of emotion in the faces and voice of anorexia nervosa. Kucharska-Pietura K, Nikolaou V, Masiak M, Treasure J, Int J Eat Disord 2004 35 42 47 10.1002/eat.10219 14705156 (Pubitemid 38040781)
23. Emotion-processing deficits in eating disorders. Bydlowski S, Corcos M, Jeammet P, Paterniti S, Berthoz S, Laurier C, Chambry J, Consoli SM, Int J Eat Disord 2005 37 321 329 10.1002/eat.20132 15856501 (Pubitemid 40686679)
24. Aspects of social cognition in anorexia nervosa: "Hot" and "cold" theory of mind. Russell TA, Schmidt U, Doherty L, Young V, Tchanturia K, Br J Clin Psychol 2009 168 181 185
25. Is anorexia nervosa a version of autism spectrum disorders? Oldershaw A, Treasure J, Hambrook D, Tchanturia K, Schmidt U, Eur Eat Disord Rev 2011 19 462 474 10.1002/erv.1069 21280165
26. Reliability and validity of Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSQ). Takahashi M, Tanaka K, Miyaoka H, Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006 60 211 218 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01488.x 16594946
27. Russell J, Autism as an Executive Disorder Oxford: Oxford University Press 1997
28. Is impaired set-shifting an endophenotype of anorexia nervosa? Holliday J, Tchanturia K, Landau S, Collier D, Treasure J, Am J Psychiatry 2005 162 2269 2275 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2269 16330590 (Pubitemid 41740204)
29. Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder. Gillberg IC, Rastam M, Wentz E, Gillberg C, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2007 29 170 178 10.1080/13803390600584632 17365252
30. Poor cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: examining the evidence using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Tchanturia K, Davies H, Roberts M, Harrison A, Nakazato M, Schmidt U, Treasure J, Morris R, PLoS One 2012 7 28331 10.1371/journal.pone.0028331 22253689
31. An islet of ability in autism: a research note. Shah A, Frith U, J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1983 24 613 620 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x 6630333
32. Are people with autism or Asperger's Syndrome faster than normal on the Embedded Figures Task? Jolliffe T, Baron-Cohen S, J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997 38 527 534 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x 9255696 (Pubitemid 27341886)
33. Neuropsychological studies in anorexia nervosa. Tchanturia K, Campbell IC, Morris R, Treasure J, Int J Eat Disord 2005 37 Suppl 72 76 discussion S87-89 15852325
34. Central coherence in women with bulimia nervosa. Lopez CA, Tchanturia K, Stahl D, Treasure J, Int J Eat Disord 2008 41 340 347 10.1002/eat.20511 18306347 (Pubitemid 351581395)
35. Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes. Zucker NL, Losh M, Bulik CM, LaBar KS, Piven J, Pelphrey KA, Psychol Bull 2007 133 976 1006 17967091
36. Getting beneath the phenotype of anorexia nervosa: the search for viable endophenotypes and genotypes. Treasure JL, Can J Psychiatry 2007 52 212 219 17500301 (Pubitemid 46743467)
37. Eating habits of children with autism. Williams PG, Dalrymple N, Neal J, Pediatr Nurs 2000 26 259 264 12026389
38. The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, Psychol Med 1979 9 273 279 10.1017/S0033291700030762 472072 (Pubitemid 9198794)
39. Comparison of eating attitudes between adolescent girls with and without Asperger syndrome: daughters' and mothers' reports. Kalyva E, J Autism Dev Disord 2009 39 480 486 10.1007/s10803-008-0648-5 18780173
40. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Davis MH, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology 1980 10 85
41. The extreme male brain theory of autism. Baron-Cohen S, Trends Cogn Sci 2002 6 248 254 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 12039606 (Pubitemid 34597232)
42. The Empathy Quotient (EQ): an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, J Autism Dev Disord 2004 34 163 175 15162935 (Pubitemid 39023470)
43. The Systemising Quotient (SQ): an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism and normal sex differences. Baron-Cohen S, Richler J, Bisarya D, Gurunathan N, Wheelwright S, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2003 358 361 374 10.1098/rstb.2002. 1206 (Pubitemid 36257608)
44. Predicting Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) from the systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R) and Empathy Quotient (EQ). Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen S, Goldenfeld N, Delaney J, Fine D, Smith R, Weil L, Wakabayashi A, Brain Res 2006 1079 47 56 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.012 16473340
45. Personality correlates of the broader autism phenotype as assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Austin EJ, Personal Individ Differ 2005 38 451 460 10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.022 (Pubitemid 39615192)
46. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Italian version: a cross-cultural confirmation of the broader autism phenotype. Ruta L, Mazzone D, Mazzone L, Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen S, J Autism Dev Disord 2012 42 625 633 10.1007/s10803-011-1290-1 21626054
47. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in Japan: a cross-cultural comparison. Wakabayashi A, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Tojo Y, J Autism Dev Disord 2006 36 263 270 10.1007/s10803-005-0061-2 16586157 (Pubitemid 43885384)
48. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) children's version in Japan: a cross-cultural comparison. Wakabayashi A, Baron-Cohen S, Uchiyama T, Yoshida Y, Tojo Y, Kuroda M, Wheelwright S, J Autism Dev Disord 2007 37 491 500 10.1007/s10803-006-0181-3 16944324 (Pubitemid 46355986)
49. Factor structure, reliability and criterion validity of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): a study in Dutch population and patient groups. Hoekstra RA, Bartels M, Cath DC, Boomsma DI, J Autism Dev Disord 2008 38 1555 1566 10.1007/s10803-008-0538-x 18302013
50. Empathizing and systemizing in males, females and autism. Goldenfeld N, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2005 2 338 345
51. Individual differences in brain structure underpin empathizing- systemizing cognitive styles in male adults. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Chakrabarti B, Ecker C, Sadek SA, Wheelwright SJ, Murphy DG, Suckling J, Bullmore ET, Consortium MA, Baron-Cohen S, NeuroImage 2012 61 1347 1354 10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2012.03.018 22446488
52. The correlation between brain gray matter volume and empathizing and systemizing quotients in healthy children. Sassa Y, Taki Y, Takeuchi H, Hashizume H, Asano M, Asano K, Wakabayashi A, Kawashima R, NeuroImage 2012 60 2035 2041 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.021 22369996
53. Empathy, systemizing, and autistic traits in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Hambrook D, Tchanturia K, Schmidt U, Russell T, Treasure J, Br J Clin Psychol 2008 47 335 339 10.1348/014466507X272475 18208640
54. Autism spectrum prevalence: a school-based U.K. population study. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams JG, Bolton P, Matthews FE, Brayne C, Br J Psychiatry 2009 194 500 509 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345 19478287
55. Brief report: development of the adolescent empathy and systemizing quotients. Auyeung B, Allison C, Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen S, J Autism Dev Disord 2012 42 2225 2235 10.1007/s10803-012-1454-7 22350450
56. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)-Adolescent version. Baron-Cohen S, Hoekstra RA, Knickmeyer R, Wheelwright S, J Autism Dev Disord 2006 36 343 350 10.1007/s10803-006-0073-6 16552625 (Pubitemid 43828659)
57. Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire? Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ, Int J Eat Disord 1994 16 363 370 7866415 (Pubitemid 24373351)
58. Defining the broader, medium and narrow autism phenotype among parents using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Wheelwright S, Auyeung B, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S, Molecular Autism 2010 1 10 10.1186/2040-2392-1-10 20678260
59. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: norms for young adolescent girls. Carter JC, Stewart DA, Fairburn CG, Behav Res Ther 2001 39 625 632 10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00033-4 11341255 (Pubitemid 32241780)
60. Neuropsychological task performance before and after cognitive remediation in anorexia nervosa: a pilot case-series. Tchanturia K, Davies H, Lopez C, Schmidt U, Treasure J, Wykes T, Psychol Med 2008 38 1371 1373 18578900