Acute coronary syndromes without coronary plaque rupture

Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 257-265

  Kanwar, Siddak S ^a   Stone, Gregg W ^b   Singh, Mandeep ^c   Virmani, Renu ^d   Olin, Jeffrey ^a   Akasaka, Takashi ^e   Narula, Jagat ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Department of Medicine   (United States)

^c MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^d CVPATH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e WAKAYAMA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ATHEROMA; CORONARY ARTERY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION; CORONARY ARTERY RECANALIZATION; CORONARY ARTERY SPASM; CORONARY PLAQUE RUPTURE; FIBROATHEROMA; HUMAN; INTACT FIBROUS CAP; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION; AGED; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; BIOPSY; COMPLICATION; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY BLOOD VESSEL; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; ECHOGRAPHY; FIBROSIS; INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MALE; PATHOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; RADIOGRAPHY; RISK FACTOR; RUPTURE;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; AGED; BIOPSY; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY VESSELS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FIBROSIS; HUMANS; MALE; PLAQUE, ATHEROSCLEROTIC; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS; TOMOGRAPHY, OPTICAL COHERENCE; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, INTERVENTIONAL;

EID: 84959169570     PISSN: 17595002     EISSN: 17595010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.19     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Naghavi, M., et al From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part II. Circulation 108, 1772-1778 (2003
2. Jia, H., et al. In vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion and calcified nodule in patients with acute coronary syndrome by intravascular optical coherence tomography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 62, 1748-1758 (2013
3. Shmilovich, H., et al. Vulnerable plaque features on coronary CT angiography as markers of inducible regional myocardial hypoperfusion from severe coronary artery stenoses. Atherosclerosis 219, 588-595 (2011
4. Kato, K., et al. Nonculprit plaques in patients with acute coronary syndromes have more vulnerable features compared with those with non-Acute coronary syndromes: a 3 vessel optical coherence tomography study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 5, 433-440 (2012
5. Suh, W. M., Seto, A. H., Margey, R. J., Cruz-Gonzalez, I., & Jang, I. K. Intravascular detection of the vulnerable plaque. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 4, 169-178 (2011
6. Vancraeynest, D., Pasquet, A., Roelants, V., Gerber, B. L., & Vanoverschelde, J. L. Imaging the vulnerable plaque. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57, 1961-1979 (2011
7. Goldstein, J. A., et al. Detection of lipid-core plaques by intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy identifies high risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 4, 429-437 (2011
8. Ozaki, Y., et al. Thin-cap fibroatheroma as high-risk plaque for microvascular obstruction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 4, 620-627 (2011
9. Virmani, R., Kolodgie, F. D., Burke, A. P., Farb, A., & Schwartz, S. M. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 1262-1275 (2000
10. Davies, M. J. The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes. Heart 83, 361-366 (2000
11. Falk, E., Shah, P. K., & Fuster, V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 92, 657-671 (1995
12. Bentzon, J. F., Otsuka, F., Virmani, R., & Falk, E. Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circ. Res. 114, 1852-1866 (2014
13. Falk, E., Nakano, M., Bentzon, J. F., Finn, A. V., & Virmani, R. Update on acute coronary syndromes: the pathologists' view. Eur. Heart J. 34, 719-728 (2013
14. Farb, A., et al. Coronary plaque erosion without rupture into a lipid core. A frequent cause of coronary thrombosis in sudden coronary death. Circulation 93, 1354-1363 (1996
15. Prati, F., et al. Expert review document part 2: methodology, terminology and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography for the assessment of interventional procedures. Eur. Heart J. 33, 2513-2520 (2012
16. Prati, F., et al. Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis. Eur. Heart J. 31, 401-415 (2010
17. Arbustini, E., et al. Plaque erosion is a major substrate for coronary thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction. Heart 82, 269-272 (1999
18. Stary, H. C., et al. A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 92, 1355-1374 (1995
19. Stary, H. C., et al. A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 89, 2462-2478 (1994
20. Stary, H. C. Composition and classification of human atherosclerotic lesions. Virchows Arch. A Pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 421, 277-290 (1992
21. Stary, H. C., et al. A definition of the intima of human arteries and of its atherosclerosis-prone regions. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 85, 391-405 (1992
22. Stary, H. C. Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: an update. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 1177-1178 (2000
23. van der Wal, A. C., Becker, A. E., van der Loos, C. M., & Das, P. K. Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology. Circulation 89, 36-44 (1994
24. Burke, A. P., et al. Effect of risk factors on the mechanism of acute thrombosis and sudden coronary death in women. Circulation 97, 2110-2116 (1998
25. Virmani, R., Burke, A. P., & Farb, A. Plaque rupture and plaque erosion. Thromb. Haemost. 82 (Suppl. 1), 1-3 (1999
26. Henriques de Gouveia, R., van der Wal, A. C., van der Loos, C. M., & Becker, A. E. Sudden unexpected death in young adults. Discrepancies between initiation of acute plaque complications and the onset of acute coronary death. Eur. Heart J. 23, 1433-1440 (2002
27. Burke, A. P., et al. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 1276-1282 (1997
28. Prati, F., et al. OCT-based diagnosis and management of STEMI associated with intact fibrous cap. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 6, 283-287 (2013
29. Ozaki, Y., et al. Coronary CT angiographic characteristics of culprit lesions in acute coronary syndromes not related to plaque rupture as defined by optical coherence tomography and angioscopy. Eur. Heart J. 32, 2814-2823 (2011
30. Yahagi, K., et al. Multiple simultaneous plaque erosion in 3 coronary arteries. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 7, 1172-1174 (2014
31. Shin, E., et al. OCT-verified morphological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques coronary artery spasm sites in vasospastic angina. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 8, 1059-1067 (2015
32. Ohayon, J., et al. Necrotic core thickness and positive arterial remodeling index: emergent biomechanical factors for evaluating the risk of plaque rupture. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 295, H717-H727 (2008
33. Motoyama, S., et al. Plaque characterization by coronary computed tomography angiography and the likelihood of acute coronary events in mid-Term follow up. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 66, 337-346 (2015
34. Motoyama, S., et al. Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 49-57 (2009
35. Narula, J., & Achenbach, S. Napkin-ring necrotic cores: defining circumferential extent of necrotic cores in unstable plaques. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 2, 1436-1438 (2009
36. Kodama, T., Kondo, T., Oida, A., Fujimoto, S., & Narula, J. Computed tomographic angiography-verified plaque characteristics and slow-flow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 5, 636-643 (2012
37. Yamagishi, M., et al. Morphology of vulnerable coronary plaque: insights from follow up of patients examined by intravascular ultrasound before an acute coronary syndrome. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 35, 106-111 (2000
38. Maehara, A., Mintz, G. S., & Weissman, N. J. Advances in intravascular imaging. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2, 482-490 (2009
39. Guagliumi, G., et al. Mechanisms of atherothrombosis and vascular response to primary percutaneous coronary intervention in women versus men with acute myocardial infarction: results of the OCTAVIA study. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 7, 958-968 (2014
40. Saia, F., et al. Eroded versus ruptured plaques at the culprit site of STEMI: in vivo pathophysiological features and response to primary PCI. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 8, 566-575 (2015
41. Tearney, G. J., et al. Consensus standards for acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular optical coherence tomography studies: a report from the International Working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Standardization and Validation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 59, 1058-1072 (2012
42. Mozaffarian, D., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131, e29-e322 (2015
43. McManus, D. D., et al. Recent trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Am. J. Med. 124, 40-47 (2011
44. Niccoli, G., et al. Plaque rupture and intact fibrous cap assessed by optical coherence tomography portend different outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur. Heart J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv029 (2015
45. Braunwald, E. Coronary plaque erosion: recognition and management. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 6, 288-289 (2013
46. Alfonso, F. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: new insights from the tip of the iceberg? Circulation 126, 667-670 (2012
47. Baumgart, D., et al. Acute plaque rupture and myocardial stunning in patient with normal coronary arteriography. Lancet 346, 193-194 (1995
48. Yip, A., & Saw, J. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection A review. Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther. 5, 37-48 (2015
49. Goel, K., et al. Familial spontaneous coronary artery dissection: evidence for genetic susceptibility. JAMA Intern. Med. 175, 821-826 (2015
50. Tweet, M. S., et al. Clinical features, management, and prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Circulation 126, 579-588 (2012
51. Maehara, A., et al. Incidence, morphology, angiographic findings, and outcomes of intramural hematomas after percutaneous coronary interventions: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 105, 2037-2042 (2002
52. Saw, J. Coronary angiogram classification of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 84, 1115-1122 (2014
53. Eleid, M. F., et al. Coronary artery tortuosity in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: angiographic characteristics and clinical implications. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 7, 656-662 (2014
54. Alfonso, F., Paulo, M., Lennie, V., Das-Neves, B., & Echavarria-Pinto, M. Fibromuscular dysplasia and spontaneous coronary artery dissection: coincidental association or causality? JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 6, 638 (2013
55. Saw, J. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Can. J. Cardiol. 29, 1027-1033 (2013
56. Saw, J., Ricci, D., Starovoytov, A., Fox, R., & Buller, C. E. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: prevalence of predisposing conditions including fibromuscular dysplasia in a tertiary center cohort. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 6, 44-52 (2013
57. Saw, J., et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia: a case series. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 5, 134-137 (2012
58. Alfonso, F., et al. Diagnosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection by optical coherence tomography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 59, 1073-1079 (2012
59. Maehara, A., et al. Intravascular ultrasound assessment of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Am. J. Cardiol. 89, 466-468 (2002
60. Giacoppo, D., Capodanno, D., Dangas, G., & Tamburino, C. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Int. J. Cardiol. 175, 8-20 (2014
61. Paulo, M., et al. Combined use of OCT and IVUS in spontaneous coronary artery dissection. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 6, 830-832 (2013
62. Erbel, R., et al. Intravascular ultrasound classification of atherosclerotic lesions according to American Heart Association recommendation. Coron. Artery Dis. 10, 489-499 (1999
63. Arnold, J. R., West, N. E., van Gaal, W. J., Karamitsos, T. D., & Banning, A. P. The role of intravascular ultrasound in the management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Cardiovasc. Ultrasound 6, 24 (2008
64. Nishiguchi, T., et al. Prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872613504310 (2013
65. Sun, H., et al. Coronary microvascular spasm causes myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic angina. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39, 847-851 (2002
66. Hibino, H., & Kurachi, Y. A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm. Circ. Res. 98, 579-581 (2006
67. Beltrame, J. F., Sasayama, S., & Maseri, A. Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33, 1442-1452 (1999
68. Hung, M. J., Hu, P., & Hung, M. Y. Coronary artery spasm: review and update. Int. J. Med. Sci. 11, 1161-1171 (2014
69. Bertrand, M. E., et al. Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Circulation 65, 1299-1306 (1982
70. Radico, F., Cicchitti, V., Zimarino, M., & De Caterina, R. Angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: practical considerations for diagnostic tests. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 7, 453-463 (2014
71. Ong, P., et al. Coronary artery spasm as a frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome: the CASPAR (Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome) Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 523-527 (2008
72. Nakayama, N., et al. Clinical features and prognosis of patients with coronary spasm-induced non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 3, e000795 (2014
73. Nakagawa, H., et al. Coronary spasm preferentially occurs at branch points: an angiographic comparison with atherosclerotic plaque. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2, 97-104 (2009
74. Ong, P., et al. Clinical usefulness, angiographic characteristics, and safety evaluation of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing among 921 consecutive white patients with unobstructed coronary arteries. Circulation 129, 1723-1730 (2014
75. Suwaidi, J. A., et al. Long-Term follow up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 101, 948-954 (2000
76. Hong, Y. J., et al. Plaque components at coronary sites with focal spasm in patients with variant angina: virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis. Int. J. Cardiol. 144, 367-372 (2010