When is a varicocele repair indicated: The dilemma of hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction?

Asian Journal of Andrology

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 213-216

  Dabaja, Ali ^a,b   Goldstein, Marc ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^b HENRY FORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

erectile dysfunction; hypogonadism; varicocele; varicocelectomy

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE;

DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; EVALUATION STUDY; HUMAN; HYPOGONADISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREMATURE EJACULATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VARICOCELE; VARICOCELECTOMY; BLOOD; COMPLICATION; MALE;

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMANS; HYPOGONADISM; MALE; TESTOSTERONE; VARICOCELE;

EID: 84957887715     PISSN: 1008682X     EISSN: 17457262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.169560     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Cocuzza M, Agarwal R, Short RA, et al. Efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving semen parameters: new meta-Analytical approach. Urology. 2007; 70: 532-8.
2. WHO Task Force on the Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infertility. The influence of varicocele on parameters of fertility in a large group of men presenting to infertility clinics. World Health Organization. Fertil Steril. 1992; 57: 1289-93.
3. Schlegel PN, Goldstein M. Alternate indications for varicocele repair: non-obstructive azoospermia, pain, androgen deficiency, and progressive testicular dysfunction. Fertil Steril. 2011; 96: 1288-93.
4. Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Campbell MF, Walsh PC, Goldstein M, et al. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. 21: 636-7.
5. Li F, Yue H, Yamaguchi K, Okada K, Matsushita K, et al. Effect of surgical repair on testosterone production in infertile men with varicocele: a meta-Analysis. Int J Urol. 2012; 19: 149-54.
6. Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff RS, Behre H, Hellstrom WJ, et al. ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA, and ASA recommendations: investigation, treatment, and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males. Aging Male. 2009; 12: 5-12.
7. Tulloch WS. Varicocele in subfertility; results of treatment. BMJ. 1955; 2: 356-8.
8. Lipshultz LI, Corriere JN Jr. Progressive testicular atrophy in the varicocele patient. J Urol. 1977; 117: 175-6.
9. Johnsen SG, Agger P. Quantitative evaluation of testicular biopsies before, and after operation for varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1978; 29: 58-63.
10. Rajfer J, Turner TT, Rivera F, Howards SS, Sikka SC. Inhibition of testicular testosterone biosynthesis following experimental varicocele in rats. Biol Reprod. 1987; 36: 933-7.
11. Zorgniotti AW, Macleod J. Studies in temperature, human semen quality, and varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1973; 24: 854-63.
12. Goldstein M, Eid JF. Elevation of intratesticular, and scrotal skin surface temperature in men with varicocele. J Urol. 1989; 142: 743-5.
13. Ozbek E, Yurekli M, Soylu A, Davarci M, Balbay MD. The role of adrenomedullin in varicocele, and impotence. BJU Int. 2000; 86: 694-8.
14. Nallella KP, Allamaneni SS, Pasqualotto FF, Sharma RK, Thomas AJ, et al. Relationship of interleukin-6 with semen characteristics, and oxidative stress in patients with varicocele. Urology. 2004; 64: 1010-3.
15. Romeo C, Ientile R, Santoro G, Impellizzeri P, Turiaco N, et al. Nitric oxide production is increased in the spermatic veins of adolescents with left idiophatic varicocele. J Pediatr Surg. 2001; 36: 389-93.
16. Romeo C, Ientile R, Impellizzeri P, Turiaco N, Teletta M, et al. Preliminary report on nitric oxide-mediated oxidative damage in adolescent varicocele. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18: 26-9.
17. Di Bisceglie C, Bertagna A, Baldi M, Lanfranco F, Tagliabue M, et al. Varicocele sclerotherapy improves serum inhibin B levels, and seminal parameters. Int J Androl. 2007; 30: 531-6.
18. Pierik FH, Abdesselam SA, Vreeburg JT, Dohle GR, De Jong FH, et al. Increased serum inhibin B levels after varicocele treatment. Clin Endocrinol. 2001; 54: 775-80.
19. Hudson RW. The endocrinology of varicoceles. Fertil Steril. 1988; 49: 199-208.
20. Cayan S, Kadioglu A, Orhan I, Kandirali E, Tefekli A, et al. The effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on serum follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, and free testosterone levels in infertile men with varicocele. BJU Int. 1999; 84: 1046-9.
21. Fujisawa M, Dobashi M, Yamasaki T, Kanzaki M, Okada H, et al. Significance of serum inhibin B concentration for evaluating improvement in spermatogenesis after varicocelectomy. Hum Reprod. 2001; 16: 1945-9.
22. Blevrakis E, Chatzidarellis E, Anyfantakis D, Sakellaris G, Raissaki M, et al. Impact of varicocele on biological markers of gonadal function. Hernia. 2015; doi: 10.1007/.s10029-015-1361-x. [Epub ahead of print].
23. Raboch J, Starka L. Hormonal testicular activity in men with a varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1971; 22: 152-5.
24. Sirvent JJ, Bernat R, Navarro MA, Rodriguez Tolra J, Guspi R, et al. Leydig cell in idiopathic varicocele. Eur Urol. 1990; 17: 257-61.
25. Ando S, Giacchetto C, Colpi G, Panno ML, Beraldi E, et al. Plasma levels of 17-OH-progesterone, and testosterone in patients with varicoceles. Acta Endocrinol. 1983; 102: 463-9.
26. Takeyama M, Honjoh M, Kodama M, Sakaguchi H, Koh E, et al. Testicular steroids in spermatic, and peripheral veins after single injection of hCG in patients with varicocele. Arch Androl. 1990; 24: 207-13.
27. Su LM, Goldstein M, Schlegel PN. The effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone levels in infertile men with varicoceles. J Urol. 1995; 154: 1752-5.
28. Sathya Srini V, Belur Veerachari S. Does varicocelectomy improve gonadal function in men with hypogonadism, and infertility?. Analysis of a prospective study. Int J Endocrinol. 2011; 2011: 916380.
29. Gat Y, Gornish M, Belenky A, Bachar GN. Elevation of serum testosterone, and free testosterone after embolization of the internal spermatic vein for the treatment of varicocele in infertile men. Hum Reprod. 2004; 19: 2303-6.
30. Diamond DA, Zurakowski D, Bauer SB, Borer JG, Peters CA, et al. Relationship of varicocele grade, and testicular hypotrophy to semen parameters in adolescents. J Urol. 2007; 178: 1584-8.
31. Tanrikut C, Goldstein M, Rosoff JS, Lee RK, Nelson CJ, et al. Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency, and effect of repair. BJU Int. 2011; 108: 1480-4.
32. Hsiao W, Rosoff JS, Pale JR, Powell JL, Goldstein M. Varicocelectomy is associated with increases in serum testosterone independent of clinical grade. Urology. 2013; 81: 1213-7.
33. Hsiao W, Rosoff JS, Pale JR, Greenwood EA, Goldstein M. Older age is associated with similar improvements in semen parameters, and testosterone after subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy. J Urol. 2011; 185: 620-5.
34. Rodriguez Pena M, Alescio L, Russell A, Lourenco da Cunha J, Alzu G, et al. Predictors of improved seminal parameters, and fertility after varicocele repair in young adults. Andrologia. 2009; 41: 277-81.
35. Zohdy W, Ghazi S, Arafa M. Impact of varicocelectomy on gonadal, and erectile functions in men with hypogonadism, and infertility. J Sex Med. 2011; 8: 885-93.
36. Abdel-Meguid TA, Farsi HM, Al-Sayyad A, Tayib A, Mosli HA, et al. Effects of varicocele on serum testosterone, and changes of testosterone after varicocelectomy: a prospective controlled study. Urology. 2014; 84: 1081-7.
37. Lee RK, Li PS, Goldstein M. Simultaneous vasectomy, and varicocelectomy: indications, and technique. Urology. 2007; 70: 362-5.
38. Grech A, Breck J, Heidelbaugh J. Adverse effects of testosterone replacement therapy: an update on the evidence, and controversy. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014; 5: 190-200.
39. Keller JJ, Chen YK, Lin HC. Varicocele is associated with erectile dysfunction: a population-based case-control study. J Sex Med. 2012; 9: 1745-52.
40. Lotti F, Corona G, Mancini M, Biagini C, Colpi GM, et al. The association between varicocele, premature ejaculation, and prostatitis symptoms: possible mechanisms. J Sex Med. 2009; 6: 2878-87.
41. Wischmann T. Sexual disorders in infertile couples: an update. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 25: 220-2.
42. Ozden C, Ozdal OL, Bulut S, Guzel O, Koyuncu HH, et al. Effect of varicocelectomy on serum inhibin B levels in infertile patients with varicocele. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008; 42: 441-3.