메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 543-560

Uncertainty in model climate sensitivity traced to representations of cumulus precipitation microphysics

Author keywords

Climate change; Climate models; Climate sensitivity; Cloud microphysics; Cloud parameterizations; Convective parameterization; Models and modeling; Physical meteorology and climatology

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; FEEDBACK; OCEANOGRAPHY; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); SURFACE WATERS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84957828230     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0191.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (122)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 19944434306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
    • Anderson, J. L., and Coauthors, 2004: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations. J. Climate, 17, 4641-4673, doi:10.1175/JCLI-3223.1.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 4641-4673
    • Anderson, J.L.1
  • 2
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, part I
    • Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674: IOACCE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 4
    • 0023467577 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models
    • Betts, A. K., and Harshvardhan, 1987: Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8483-8485, doi:10.1029/JD092iD07p08483.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res , vol.92 , pp. 8483-8485
    • Betts, A.K.1    Harshvardhan, N.2
  • 5
    • 28944450038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
    • Bony, S., and J.-L. Dufresne, 2005: Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20806, doi:10.1029/2005GL023851.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.32
    • Bony, S.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2
  • 6
    • 2142829554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On dynamic and thermodynamic components of cloud changes
    • Bony, S., and J.-L. Dufresne, H. L. Treut, J.-J. Morcrette, and C. Senior, 2004: On dynamic and thermodynamic components of cloud changes. Climate Dyn., 22, 71-86, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0369-6.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn , vol.22 , pp. 71-86
    • Bony, S.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2    Treut, H.L.3    Morcrette, J.-J.4    Senior, C.5
  • 7
    • 33645824121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes?
    • Bony, S., and Coauthors, 2006: How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes? J. Climate, 19, 3445-3482, doi:10.1175/JCLI3819.1.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3445-3482
    • Bony, S.1
  • 8
    • 84926359595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity
    • Bony, S., and Coauthors, 2015: Clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity. Nat. Geosci., 8, 261-268, doi:10.1038/ngeo2398.
    • (2015) Nat. Geosci , vol.8 , pp. 261-268
    • Bony, S.1
  • 9
    • 84943801339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into low-latitude cloud feedbacks from high-resolution models
    • Bretherton, C. S., 2015: Insights into low-latitude cloud feedbacks from high-resolution models. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A373, 20140415, doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0415.
    • (2015) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London , vol.A373
    • Bretherton, C.S.1
  • 10
    • 7744229398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new parameterization for shallow cumulus convection and its application to marine subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers. Part I: Description and 1D results
    • Bretherton, C. S., J. R. McCaa, and H. Grenier, 2004: A new parameterization for shallow cumulus convection and its application to marine subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers. Part I: Description and 1D results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 864-882, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0864:ANPFSC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.132 , pp. 864-882
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    McCaa, J.R.2    Grenier, H.3
  • 11
    • 31144456989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An energybalance analysis of deep convective self-aggregation above uniform SST
    • Bretherton, C. S., P. N. Blossey, and M. Khairoutdinov, 2005: An energybalance analysis of deep convective self-aggregation above uniform SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4273-4292, doi:10.1175/JAS3614.1.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 4273-4292
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Blossey, P.N.2    Khairoutdinov, M.3
  • 12
    • 84880790152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of marine low cloud sensitivity to idealized climate perturbations: A single-LES exploration extending the CGILS cases
    • Bretherton, C. S., P. N. Blossey, and C. Jones, 2013: Mechanisms of marine low cloud sensitivity to idealized climate perturbations: A single-LES exploration extending the CGILS cases. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 5, 316-337, doi:10.1002/jame.20019.
    • (2013) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst , vol.5 , pp. 316-337
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Blossey, P.N.2    Jones, C.3
  • 13
    • 85027950951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedbacks on greenhouse warming in the superparameterized climate model SPCCSM4
    • Bretherton, C. S., P. N. Blossey, and C. Stan, 2014: Cloud feedbacks on greenhouse warming in the superparameterized climate model SPCCSM4. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 6, 1185-1204, doi:10.1002/2014MS000355.
    • (2014) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst , vol.6 , pp. 1185-1204
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Blossey, P.N.2    Stan, C.3
  • 14
    • 84868004805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How may low-cloud radiative properties simulated in the current climate influence lowcloud feedbacks under global warming?
    • Brient, F., and S. Bony, 2012: How may low-cloud radiative properties simulated in the current climate influence lowcloud feedbacks under global warming? Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20807, doi:10.1029/2012GL053265.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.39
    • Brient, F.1    Bony, S.2
  • 15
    • 84876877680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of the positive low-cloud feedback predicted by a climate model under global warming
    • Brient, F., and S. Bony, 2013: Interpretation of the positive low-cloud feedback predicted by a climate model under global warming. Climate Dyn., 40, 2415-2431, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1279-7.
    • (2013) Climate Dyn , vol.40 , pp. 2415-2431
    • Brient, F.1    Bony, S.2
  • 16
    • 84944542733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallowness of tropical lowclouds as a predictor of climatemodels' response to warming
    • Brient, F., T. Schneider, Z. Tan, and S. Bony, 2015: Shallowness of tropical lowclouds as a predictor of climatemodels' response to warming. Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2846-0.
    • (2015) Climate Dyn
    • Brient, F.1    Schneider, T.2    Tan, Z.3    Bony, S.4
  • 17
    • 0025680011 scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models
    • Cess, R., and Coauthors, 1990: Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16 601-16 615, doi:10.1029/JD095iD10p16601.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res , vol.95 , pp. 16601-16615
    • Cess, R.1
  • 18
    • 0030449120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation model: An update
    • Cess, R., and Coauthors, 1996: Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation model: An update. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12 791-12 794, doi:10.1029/96JD00822.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res , vol.101 , pp. 12791-12794
    • Cess, R.1
  • 19
    • 0034192923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analogies between mass-flux and Reynolds-averaged equations
    • de Roode, S., and P. Duynkerke, 2000: Analogies between mass-flux and Reynolds-averaged equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1585-1598, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1585: ABMFAR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.57 , pp. 1585-1598
    • de Roode, S.1    Duynkerke, P.2
  • 20
    • 79955044421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3
    • Donner, L. J., and Coauthors, 2011: The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3. J. Climate, 24, 3484-3519, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 3484-3519
    • Donner, L.J.1
  • 21
    • 84912098504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortwave and longwave radiative contributions to global warming under increasing CO2
    • Donohoe, A., K. C. Armour, A. G. Pendergrass, and D. S. Battisti, 2014: Shortwave and longwave radiative contributions to global warming under increasing CO2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 16 700-16 705, doi:10.1073/pnas.1412190111.
    • (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.111 , pp. 16700-16705
    • Donohoe, A.1    Armour, K.C.2    Pendergrass, A.G.3    Battisti, D.S.4
  • 22
    • 56349157052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models
    • Dufresne, J.-L., and S. Bony, 2008: An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models. J. Climate, 21, 5135-5144, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2239.1.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 5135-5144
    • Dufresne, J.-L.1    Bony, S.2
  • 23
    • 0026305596 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models
    • Emanuel, K. A., 1991: A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2313-2335, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<2313:ASFRCC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.48 , pp. 2313-2335
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 24
    • 0344433876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models
    • Emanuel, K. A., andM.Zivkovic-Rothman, 1999:Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1766-1782, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1766: DAEOAC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 1766-1782
    • Emanuel, K.A.1    Zivkovic-Rothman, M.2
  • 26
    • 84928614277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of climate models
    • T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Flato, G., and Coauthors, 2013: Evaluation of climate models. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 741-866. [Available online at https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter09_FINAL.pdf.].
    • (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis , pp. 741-866
    • Flato, G.1
  • 27
    • 84879987149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud tuning in a coupled climate model: Impact on 20th century warming
    • Golaz, J.-C., L. Horowitz, and H. Levy II, 2013: Cloud tuning in a coupled climate model: Impact on 20th century warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2246-2251, doi:10.1002/grl.50232.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.40 , pp. 2246-2251
    • Golaz, J.-C.1    Horowitz, L.2    Levy, H.3
  • 28
    • 0025590082 scopus 로고
    • A mass flux scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stabilitydependent closure
    • Gregory, D., and P. R. Rowntree, 1990: A mass flux scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stabilitydependent closure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1483-1506, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1483:AMFCSW>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.118 , pp. 1483-1506
    • Gregory, D.1    Rowntree, P.R.2
  • 29
    • 85081148572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An important constraint on tropical cloud-climate feedback
    • Hartmann, D., and K. Larson, 2002: An important constraint on tropical cloud-climate feedback. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1951, doi:10.1029/2002GL015835.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.29 , pp. 1951
    • Hartmann, D.1    Larson, K.2
  • 30
    • 33750617761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming
    • Held, I. M., and B. J. Soden, 2006: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J. Climate, 19, 5686-5699, doi:10.1175/JCLI3990.1.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 5686-5699
    • Held, I.M.1    Soden, B.J.2
  • 31
    • 33846485149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic radiative-convective equilibria using GCM column physics
    • Held, I. M., M. Zhao, and B.Wyman, 2007: Dynamic radiative-convective equilibria using GCM column physics. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 228-238, doi:10.1175/JAS3825.11.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 228-238
    • Held, I.M.1    Zhao, M.2    Wyman, B.3
  • 32
    • 77955316011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric water vapour and high climate sensitivity in a version of the HadSM3 climate model
    • Joshi, M. M., M. J. Webb, A. C. Maycock, and M. Collins, 2010: Stratospheric water vapour and high climate sensitivity in a version of the HadSM3 climate model. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7161-7167, doi:10.5194/acp-10-7161-2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.10 , pp. 7161-7167
    • Joshi, M.M.1    Webb, M.J.2    Maycock, A.C.3    Collins, M.4
  • 33
    • 0001463732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the earth have an adaptive infrared iris
    • Lindzen, R., M.-D. Chou, and A. Hou, 2001: Does the earth have an adaptive infrared iris. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 417-432, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0417:DTEHAA>2.3.CO;2.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.82 , pp. 417-432
    • Lindzen, R.1    Chou, M.-D.2    Hou, A.3
  • 34
    • 84928632181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing iris effect as a possible cause of muted hydrological change and high climate sensitivity in models
    • Mauritsen, T., and B. Stevens, 2015: Missing iris effect as a possible cause of muted hydrological change and high climate sensitivity in models. Nat. Geosci., 8, 346-351, doi:10.1038/ngeo2414.
    • (2015) Nat. Geosci , vol.8 , pp. 346-351
    • Mauritsen, T.1    Stevens, B.2
  • 36
    • 0024850846 scopus 로고
    • CO2 and climate: A missing feedback?
    • Mitchell, J., C. Senior, and W. Ingram, 1989: CO2 and climate: A missing feedback? Nature, 341, 132-134, doi:10.1038/341132a0.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.341 , pp. 132-134
    • Mitchell, J.1    Senior, C.2    Ingram, W.3
  • 37
    • 0027065988 scopus 로고
    • Relaxed Arakawa Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulationmodels
    • Moorthi, S., and M. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulationmodels. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0978:RASAPO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.120 , pp. 978-1002
    • Moorthi, S.1    Suarez, M.2
  • 38
    • 84867920582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detailed investigation of the selfaggregation of convection in cloud-resolving simulations
    • Muller, C., and I. Held, 2012: Detailed investigation of the selfaggregation of convection in cloud-resolving simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2551-2565, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0257.1.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.69 , pp. 2551-2565
    • Muller, C.1    Held, I.2
  • 39
    • 4043124611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations
    • Murphy, J. M., D. M. H. Sexton, D. N. Barnett, G. S. Jones, M. J. Webb, M. Collins, and D. A. Stainforth, 2004: Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations. Nature, 430, 768-772, doi:10.1038/nature02771.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 768-772
    • Murphy, J.M.1    Sexton, D.M.H.2    Barnett, D.N.3    Jones, G.S.4    Webb, M.J.5    Collins, M.6    Stainforth, D.A.7
  • 40
    • 67549091157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The environment of precipitating shallow cumulus convection
    • Nuijens, L., B. Stevens, andA. Siebesma, 2009: The environment of precipitating shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1962-1979, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2841.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.66 , pp. 1962-1979
    • Nuijens, L.1    Stevens, B.2    Siebesma, A.3
  • 41
    • 38849119288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate models and their evaluation
    • S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Randall, D., and Coauthors, 2007: Climate models and their evaluation. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 589-662. [Available online at https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf.].
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , pp. 589-662
    • Randall, D.1
  • 42
    • 0742305193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
    • Rayner, R., D. Parker, E. Horton, C. Folland, L. Alexander, and D. Rowel, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , pp. 4407
    • Rayner, R.1    Parker, D.2    Horton, E.3    Folland, C.4    Alexander, L.5    Rowel, D.6
  • 43
    • 84867966133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer cloud feedbacks in a constant relative humidity atmosphere
    • Rieck, M., L. Nuijens, and B. Stevens, 2012: Marine boundary layer cloud feedbacks in a constant relative humidity atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2538-2550, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0203.1.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.69 , pp. 2538-2550
    • Rieck, M.1    Nuijens, L.2    Stevens, B.3
  • 44
    • 33646844490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global mean cloud feedbacks in idealized climate change experiments
    • Ringer, M., and Coauthors., 2006: Global mean cloud feedbacks in idealized climate change experiments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07718, doi:10.1029/2005GL025370.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Ringer, M.1
  • 45
    • 84902040526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global-mean radiative feedbacks and forcing in atmosphere-only and coupled atmosphere-ocean climate change experiments
    • Ringer, M., T. Andrews, and M. Webb, 2014: Global-mean radiative feedbacks and forcing in atmosphere-only and coupled atmosphere-ocean climate change experiments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 4035-4042, doi:10.1002/2014GL060347.
    • (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.41 , pp. 4035-4042
    • Ringer, M.1    Andrews, T.2    Webb, M.3
  • 46
    • 0023519277 scopus 로고
    • Cloud optical depth feedbacks and climate modelling
    • Roeckner, E., U. Schlese, J. Biercamp, and P. Loewe, 1987: Cloud optical depth feedbacks and climate modelling. Nature, 329, 138-140, doi:10.1038/329138a0.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 138-140
    • Roeckner, E.1    Schlese, U.2    Biercamp, J.3    Loewe, P.4
  • 47
    • 38849206844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards constraining climate sensitivity by linear analysis of feedback patterns in thousands of perturbedphysics GCM simulations
    • Sanderson, B. M., C. Piani, W. J. Ingram, D. A. Stone, and M. R. Allen, 2008: Towards constraining climate sensitivity by linear analysis of feedback patterns in thousands of perturbedphysics GCM simulations. Climate Dyn., 30, 175-190, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0280-7.
    • (2008) Climate Dyn , vol.30 , pp. 175-190
    • Sanderson, B.M.1    Piani, C.2    Ingram, W.J.3    Stone, D.A.4    Allen, M.R.5
  • 48
    • 78649327281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate feedbacks determined using radiative kernels in a multi-thousand member ensemble of AOGCMs
    • Sanderson, B. M., K. M. Shell, and W. Ingram, 2010: Climate feedbacks determined using radiative kernels in a multi-thousand member ensemble of AOGCMs. Climate Dyn., 35, 1219-1236, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0661-1.
    • (2010) Climate Dyn , vol.35 , pp. 1219-1236
    • Sanderson, B.M.1    Shell, K.M.2    Ingram, W.3
  • 49
    • 0027532797 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide and climate: The impact of cloud parameterization
    • Senior, C. A., and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1993: Carbon dioxide and climate: The impact of cloud parameterization. J. Climate, 6, 393-418, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0393:CDACTI>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 393-418
    • Senior, C.A.1    Mitchell, J.F.B.2
  • 50
    • 84892156525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing
    • Sherwood, S., S. Bony, and J.-L. Dufresne, 2014: Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing. Nature, 505, 37-42, doi:10.1038/nature12829.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.505 , pp. 37-42
    • Sherwood, S.1    Bony, S.2    Dufresne, J.-L.3
  • 51
    • 34247588680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined eddy-diffusivity mass-flux approach for the convective boundary layer
    • Siebesma, A., P. Soares, and J. Teixeira, 2007: A combined eddy-diffusivity mass-flux approach for the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1230-1248, doi:10.1175/JAS3888.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 1230-1248
    • Siebesma, A.1    Soares, P.2    Teixeira, J.3
  • 53
    • 33646848186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models
    • Soden, B., and I. Held, 2006: An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Climate, 19, 3354-3360, doi:10.1175/JCLI3799.1.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3354-3360
    • Soden, B.1    Held, I.2
  • 54
    • 6044251401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback
    • Soden, B., A. Broccoli, and R. Hemler, 2004: On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback. J. Climate, 17, 3661-3665, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3661:OTUOCF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 3661-3665
    • Soden, B.1    Broccoli, A.2    Hemler, R.3
  • 55
    • 44249092520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying climate feedbacks using radiative kernels
    • Soden, B., I. Held, R. Colman, K. Shell, J. Kiehl, and C. Shields, 2008: Quantifying climate feedbacks using radiative kernels. J. Climate, 21, 3504-3520, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI2110.1.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 3504-3520
    • Soden, B.1    Held, I.2    Colman, R.3    Shell, K.4    Kiehl, J.5    Shields, C.6
  • 56
    • 0021641125 scopus 로고
    • Cloud optical thickness feedbacks in the CO2 climate problem
    • Somerville, R., and L. A. Remer, 1984: Cloud optical thickness feedbacks in the CO2 climate problem. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9668-9672, doi:10.1029/JD089iD06p09668.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res , vol.89 , pp. 9668-9672
    • Somerville, R.1    Remer, L.A.2
  • 57
    • 79251603439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysics parameterization for convective clouds in a global climate model: Description and single-column model test
    • Song, X., and G. J. Zhang, 2011: Microphysics parameterization for convective clouds in a global climate model: Description and single-column model test. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02201, doi:10.1029/2010JD014833.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Song, X.1    Zhang, G.J.2
  • 58
    • 13444269104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases
    • Stainforth, D. A., and Coauthors, 2005: Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Nature, 433, 403-406, doi:10.1038/nature03301.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 403-406
    • Stainforth, D.A.1
  • 59
    • 14644413562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedbacks in the climate system:Acritical review
    • Stephens, G., 2005: Cloud feedbacks in the climate system:Acritical review. J. Climate, 18, 237-273, doi:10.1175/JCLI-3243.1.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 237-273
    • Stephens, G.1
  • 60
    • 60749094247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls of global-mean precipitation increases in global warming GCM experiments
    • Stephens, G., and T. D. Ellis, 2008: Controls of global-mean precipitation increases in global warming GCM experiments. J. Climate, 21, 6141-6155, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2144.1.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 6141-6155
    • Stephens, G.1    Ellis, T.D.2
  • 61
    • 78650471505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dreary state of precipitation in global models
    • Stephens, G., and Coauthors, 2010: Dreary state of precipitation in global models. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24211, doi:10.1029/2010JD014532.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res , vol.115
    • Stephens, G.1
  • 62
    • 84878350437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are climate models missing?
    • Stevens, B., and S. Bony, 2013: What are climate models missing? Science, 340, 1053-1054, doi:10.1126/science.1237554.
    • (2013) Science , vol.340 , pp. 1053-1054
    • Stevens, B.1    Bony, S.2
  • 63
    • 84876732870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric component of the MPI-M earth system model: ECHAM6
    • Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2013: The atmospheric component of the MPI-M earth system model: ECHAM6. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 5, 146-172, doi:10.1002/jame.20015.
    • (2013) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst , vol.5 , pp. 146-172
    • Stevens, B.1
  • 64
    • 84883197442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating cloud tuning in a climate model with satellite observations
    • Suzuki, K., J.-C. Golaz, and G. Stephens, 2013: Evaluating cloud tuning in a climate model with satellite observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4464-4468, doi:10.1002/grl.50874.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.40 , pp. 4464-4468
    • Suzuki, K.1    Golaz, J.-C.2    Stephens, G.3
  • 65
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1779: ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 66
    • 84867686898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence for relationships between the degree of aggregation of deep convection, water vapor, surface fluxes, and radiation
    • Tobin, I., S. Bony, and R. Roca, 2012: Observational evidence for relationships between the degree of aggregation of deep convection, water vapor, surface fluxes, and radiation. J. Climate, 25, 6885-6904, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00258.1.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 6885-6904
    • Tobin, I.1    Bony, S.2    Roca, R.3
  • 67
    • 84888055218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates
    • Vial, J., J.-L. Dufresne, and S. Bony, 2013: On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates. Climate Dyn., 41, 3339-3362, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1725-9.
    • (2013) Climate Dyn , vol.41 , pp. 3339-3362
    • Vial, J.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2    Bony, S.3
  • 68
    • 84922804816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurricanes and climate: The U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes
    • Walsh, K., and Coauthors, 2015: Hurricanes and climate: The U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 997-1017, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00242.1.
    • (2015) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.96 , pp. 997-1017
    • Walsh, K.1
  • 69
    • 33644666197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles
    • Webb, M., and Coauthors, 2006: On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles. Climate Dyn., 27, 17-38, doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0111-2.
    • (2006) Climate Dyn , vol.27 , pp. 17-38
    • Webb, M.1
  • 70
    • 84874816272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of differences in climate sensitivity, forcing and feedback in climate models
    • Webb, M., F.H. Lambert, and J. Gregory, 2013: Origins of differences in climate sensitivity, forcing and feedback in climate models. Climate Dyn., 40, 677-707, doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1336-x.
    • (2013) Climate Dyn , vol.40 , pp. 677-707
    • Webb, M.1    Lambert, F.H.2    Gregory, J.3
  • 71
    • 84943774054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback
    • Webb, M., and Coauthors, 2015: The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A373, 20140414, doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0414.
    • (2015) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London , vol.A373
    • Webb, M.1
  • 72
    • 0024221323 scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model
    • Wetherald, R. T., and S. Manabe, 1988: Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1397-1415, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1397:CFPIAG>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.45 , pp. 1397-1415
    • Wetherald, R.T.1    Manabe, S.2
  • 73
    • 33646440016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of low-latitude cloud properties and their response to climate change in three AGCMs sorted into regimes using mid-tropospheric vertical velocity
    • Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, J. T. Bacmeister, J. T. Kiehl, I. M. Held, M. Zhao, S. A. Klein, and B. J. Soden, 2006: A comparison of low-latitude cloud properties and their response to climate change in three AGCMs sorted into regimes using mid-tropospheric vertical velocity. Climate Dyn., 27, 261-279, doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0138-4.
    • (2006) Climate Dyn , vol.27 , pp. 261-279
    • Wyant, M.C.1    Bretherton, C.S.2    Bacmeister, J.T.3    Kiehl, J.T.4    Held, I.M.5    Zhao, M.6    Klein, S.A.7    Soden, B.J.8
  • 74
    • 77953328661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: Regime sorting and physical mechanisms
    • Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, and P. Blossey, 2009: Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: Regime sorting and physical mechanisms. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1, 7, doi:10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.7.
    • (2009) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst , vol.1 , pp. 7
    • Wyant, M.C.1    Bretherton, C.S.2    Blossey, P.3
  • 75
    • 84879994254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of different cloud types to feedbacks and rapid adjustments in CMIP5
    • Zelinka, M., K. Klein, K. Taylor, T. Andrews, M. Webb, J. Gregory, and P. Forster, 2013: Contributions of different cloud types to feedbacks and rapid adjustments in CMIP5. J. Climate, 26, 5007-5027, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00555.1.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 5007-5027
    • Zelinka, M.1    Klein, K.2    Taylor, K.3    Andrews, T.4    Webb, M.5    Gregory, J.6    Forster, P.7
  • 76
    • 39549095502 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model
    • Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane, 1995: Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 407-446, doi:10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539.
    • (1995) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.33 , pp. 407-446
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2
  • 77
    • 0028250154 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic study of climate feedback processes in atmospheric general circulation models
    • Zhang, M., J. Hack, J. Kiehl, and R. Cess, 1994: Diagnostic study of climate feedback processes in atmospheric general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5525-5537, doi:10.1029/93JD03523.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99 , pp. 5525-5537
    • Zhang, M.1    Hack, J.2    Kiehl, J.3    Cess, R.4
  • 78
    • 85006568652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CGILS: Results from the first phase of an international project to understand the physical mechanisms of low cloud feedbacks in single column models
    • Zhang, M., and Coauthors, 2013: CGILS: Results from the first phase of an international project to understand the physical mechanisms of low cloud feedbacks in single column models. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 5, 826-842, doi:10.1002/2013MS000246.
    • (2013) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst , vol.5 , pp. 826-842
    • Zhang, M.1
  • 79
    • 84897635713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the connections among convection, clouds, and climate sensitivity in a global climate model
    • Zhao, M., 2014: An investigation of the connections among convection, clouds, and climate sensitivity in a global climate model. J. Climate, 27, 1845-1862, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00145.1.
    • (2014) J. Climate , vol.27 , pp. 1845-1862
    • Zhao, M.1
  • 80
    • 75749091697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of global hurricane climatology, interannual variability, and response to global warming using a 50-km resolution GCM
    • Zhao, M., I. M. Held, S.-J. Lin, and G. A. Vecchi, 2009: Simulations of global hurricane climatology, interannual variability, and response to global warming using a 50-km resolution GCM. J. Climate, 22, 6653-6678, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3049.1.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 6653-6678
    • Zhao, M.1    Held, I.M.2    Lin, S.-J.3    Vecchi, G.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.