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Volumn 4, Issue , 2008, Pages 232-278

Novel Organic Syntheses Through Semiconductor Photocatalysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS;

EID: 84955347778     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527618248.ch52     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (6)

References (229)
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    • The redox potential may change by almost 1 V when one form of the redox couple is adsorbed much more strongly than the other; see Ref. [50].
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    • A typical value for a given set-up is ≥1015 photons s-1
    • A typical value for a given set-up is ≥1015 photons s-1.
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    • Note that only for nonporous materials the surface area increases with smaller particle size; however, most of the powders employed are very porous.
    • Note that only for nonporous materials the surface area increases with smaller particle size; however, most of the powders employed are very porous.
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    • These bands are known as 'self-activated luminescence' [104].
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    • In the literature, the expression 'photocatalysis' is often used in a misleading manner because in most cases it means that for a reaction the presence of a semiconductor is essential; however, it has been proven only in a few cases that the formation of products is catalytic; see
    • In the literature, the expression 'photocatalysis' is often used in a misleading manner because in most cases it means that for a reaction the presence of a semiconductor is essential; however, it has been proven only in a few cases that the formation of products is catalytic; see H. Kisch, J. Prakt. Chem. 1994, 336, 635.
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    • Here and in the following the use of the chemical formula indicates that the semiconductor was present as a powder suspension.
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    • An often neglected aspect in many 'sacrificial' systems of water splitting, i.e., hydrogen evolution can only be observed after adding a reducing agent.
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    • Estimated according to 3.8 × 2.4 Å.
    • Estimated according to 3.8 × 2.4 Å.
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    • assuming that each zinc site is occupied by one 2,5-DHF molecule.
    • assuming that each zinc site is occupied by one 2,5-DHF molecule.
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    • Although the lifetime of the reactive electron-hole pair is not known, the reasonable estimate of 10-6-10-9 s leads to an electron transfer rate constant between 1010 and 1013 M-1 s-1. In general, electron transfer reactions at the semiconductor-liquid interface are very fast [see Ref. [33] and N. Serpone, E. Pellizetti (Eds.), Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, Reidel, Dordrecht].
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    • Calculated by using E0(H+/H) = -2.40 V (H2O) [161] and a bond dissociation energy of 3.22 eV [106]; these were converted to the δG(H2O) values by substracting 0.1 eV for the solvent contribution [161]. The same argument was used to explain the photooxidation of alcohols by ZnS [153].
    • Calculated by using E0(H+/H) = -2.40 V (H2O) [161] and a bond dissociation energy of 3.22 eV [106]; these were converted to the δG(H2O) values by substracting 0.1 eV for the solvent contribution [161]. The same argument was used to explain the photooxidation of alcohols by ZnS [153].
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    • It is noted that deuterium is not incorporated into unreacted 2,5-DHF and dehydrodimers when D2O is employed [145].
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    • From comparison with the dipole moments of THF, 2,5-DHF and furan (1.63, 1.59 and 0.66 D, respectively) one would expect, however, that the ETN value of 2,5-DHF should be in the range 0.164-0.27, corresponding to furan and THF, respectively;
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    • Estimated from a molecular model as 4.6 × 4.5 Å.
    • Estimated from a molecular model as 4.6 × 4.5 Å.
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    • Estimated from a molecular model as 10.8 × 4.8 Å.
    • Estimated from a molecular model as 10.8 × 4.8 Å.
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    • Since light could not be completely excluded in the dark adsorption experiments, cis-azobenzene was present at about 1 %.
    • Since light could not be completely excluded in the dark adsorption experiments, cis-azobenzene was present at about 1 %.
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    • Φapp of 1,2-diphenyldiazene was set to 1.0.
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    • This was observed in the system benzaldehyde-3,4-DHP; A. G. Griesbeck, S. Stadtmüller
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    • An alternative mechanism could involve addition of the dihydropyranyl radical to the diazene and subsequent H-abstraction from 3,4-DHP to produce the product 13a and a new dihy-dropyranylradical. The latter should induce a radical chain reaction, the presence of which lacks any experimental evidence.
    • An alternative mechanism could involve addition of the dihydropyranyl radical to the diazene and subsequent H-abstraction from 3,4-DHP to produce the product 13a and a new dihy-dropyranylradical. The latter should induce a radical chain reaction, the presence of which lacks any experimental evidence.
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