메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue , 2016, Pages 192-200

Compassion for climate change victims and support for mitigation policy

Author keywords

Climate change; Communication; Compassion; Emotional appeals; Policy support

Indexed keywords


EID: 84955257065     PISSN: 02724944     EISSN: 15229610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.01.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (77)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 84921044806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding farmer perspectives on climate change adaptation and mitigation: the roles of trust in sources of climate information, climate change beliefs, and perceived risk
    • Arbuckle J.G., Morton L.W., Hobbs J. Understanding farmer perspectives on climate change adaptation and mitigation: the roles of trust in sources of climate information, climate change beliefs, and perceived risk. Environment and Behavior 2015, 47:205-234.
    • (2015) Environment and Behavior , vol.47 , pp. 205-234
    • Arbuckle, J.G.1    Morton, L.W.2    Hobbs, J.3
  • 2
    • 21144462267 scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness
    • Aron A., Aron E.N., Smollan D. Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 63:596-612.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 596-612
    • Aron, A.1    Aron, E.N.2    Smollan, D.3
  • 3
    • 84928923283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the similarity of responses received from studies in Amazon's mechanical turk to studies conducted online and with direct recruitment
    • Bartneck C., Duenser A., Moltchanova E., Zawieska K. Comparing the similarity of responses received from studies in Amazon's mechanical turk to studies conducted online and with direct recruitment. PLoS One 2015, 10:e0121595.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0121595
    • Bartneck, C.1    Duenser, A.2    Moltchanova, E.3    Zawieska, K.4
  • 4
    • 77957063209 scopus 로고
    • Prosocial motivation: is it ever truly altruistic?
    • Academic Press, New York, NY
    • Batson C.D. Prosocial motivation: is it ever truly altruistic?. Advances in experimental social psychology 1987, Vol. 20:65-122. Academic Press, New York, NY.
    • (1987) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.20 , pp. 65-122
    • Batson, C.D.1
  • 5
    • 23044533251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy, attitudes, and action: can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group motivate one to help the group?
    • Batson C.D., Chang J., Orr R., Rowland J. Empathy, attitudes, and action: can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group motivate one to help the group?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2002, 28:1656-1666.
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.28 , pp. 1656-1666
    • Batson, C.D.1    Chang, J.2    Orr, R.3    Rowland, J.4
  • 8
    • 84919877804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public views on the dangers and importance of climate change: predicting climate change beliefs in the United States through income moderated by party identification
    • Bohr J. Public views on the dangers and importance of climate change: predicting climate change beliefs in the United States through income moderated by party identification. Climatic Change 2014, 126:217-227.
    • (2014) Climatic Change , vol.126 , pp. 217-227
    • Bohr, J.1
  • 11
    • 84926072927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of persuasive hope: effects of cognitive appraisals, hope appeals, and hope in the context of climate change
    • Chadwick A.E. Toward a theory of persuasive hope: effects of cognitive appraisals, hope appeals, and hope in the context of climate change. Health Communication 2015, 30(6):598-611.
    • (2015) Health Communication , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 598-611
    • Chadwick, A.E.1
  • 12
    • 84950246911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and disasters: how framing affects justifications for giving or withholding aid to disaster victims
    • Chapman D.A., Lickel B. Climate change and disasters: how framing affects justifications for giving or withholding aid to disaster victims. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2016, 7:13-20.
    • (2016) Social Psychological and Personality Science , vol.7 , pp. 13-20
    • Chapman, D.A.1    Lickel, B.2
  • 13
    • 84872359873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective signals of threat increase perceived proximity
    • Cole S., Balcetis E., Dunning D. Affective signals of threat increase perceived proximity. Psychological Science 2013, 24:34-40.
    • (2013) Psychological Science , vol.24 , pp. 34-40
    • Cole, S.1    Balcetis, E.2    Dunning, D.3
  • 15
    • 84874841717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating Amazon's mechanical turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research
    • Crump M.J.C., McDonnell J.V., Gureckis T.M. Evaluating Amazon's mechanical turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research. PLoS One 2013, 8:e57410.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e57410
    • Crump, M.J.C.1    McDonnell, J.V.2    Gureckis, T.M.3
  • 16
    • 84923539180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassion and altruism: how our minds determine who is worthy of help
    • DeSteno D. Compassion and altruism: how our minds determine who is worthy of help. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 2015, 3:80-83.
    • (2015) Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences , vol.3 , pp. 80-83
    • DeSteno, D.1
  • 17
    • 33746669267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The persuasive influence of emotion in cancer prevention and detection messages
    • Dillard J.P., Nabi R.L. The persuasive influence of emotion in cancer prevention and detection messages. Journal of Communication 2006, 56:S123-S139.
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56 , pp. S123-S139
    • Dillard, J.P.1    Nabi, R.L.2
  • 18
    • 84887228042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parallel multiple mediator model of knowledge sharing in architectural design project teams
    • Ding Z., Ng F., Li J. A parallel multiple mediator model of knowledge sharing in architectural design project teams. International Journal of Project Management 2014, 32:54-65.
    • (2014) International Journal of Project Management , vol.32 , pp. 54-65
    • Ding, Z.1    Ng, F.2    Li, J.3
  • 19
    • 84933575492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What explains public support for climate policies? A review of empirical and experimental studies
    • Advanced online publication
    • Drews S., van den Bergh J.C. What explains public support for climate policies? A review of empirical and experimental studies. Climate Policy 2015, Advanced online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1058240.
    • (2015) Climate Policy
    • Drews, S.1    van den Bergh, J.C.2
  • 20
    • 84864459022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning personal experience into political attitudes: the effect of local weather on Americans' perceptions about global warming
    • Egan P.J., Mullin M. Turning personal experience into political attitudes: the effect of local weather on Americans' perceptions about global warming. The Journal of Politics 2012, 74:796-809.
    • (2012) The Journal of Politics , vol.74 , pp. 796-809
    • Egan, P.J.1    Mullin, M.2
  • 21
    • 78951486282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apocalypse soon? Dire messages reduce belief in global warming by contradicting just-world beliefs
    • Feinberg M., Willer R. Apocalypse soon? Dire messages reduce belief in global warming by contradicting just-world beliefs. Psychological Science 2011, 22:34-38.
    • (2011) Psychological Science , vol.22 , pp. 34-38
    • Feinberg, M.1    Willer, R.2
  • 22
    • 84936154876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the closeness of relationships: a comprehensive evaluation of the 'Inclusion of the Other in the Self' scale
    • Gächter S., Starmer C., Tufano F. Measuring the closeness of relationships: a comprehensive evaluation of the 'Inclusion of the Other in the Self' scale. PLoS One 2015, 10(6):e0129478.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. e0129478
    • Gächter, S.1    Starmer, C.2    Tufano, F.3
  • 23
    • 77953156856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review
    • Goetz J.L., Keltner D., Simon-Thomas E. Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:351-374.
    • (2010) Psychological Bulletin , vol.136 , pp. 351-374
    • Goetz, J.L.1    Keltner, D.2    Simon-Thomas, E.3
  • 24
    • 84947999081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking public beliefs about anthropogenic climate change
    • Hamilton L.C., Hartter J., Lemcke-Stampone M., Moore D.W., Safford T.G. Tracking public beliefs about anthropogenic climate change. PLoS One 2015, 10(9):e0138208. 10.1371/journal.pone.0138208.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , Issue.9 , pp. e0138208
    • Hamilton, L.C.1    Hartter, J.2    Lemcke-Stampone, M.3    Moore, D.W.4    Safford, T.G.5
  • 25
    • 84879088856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blowin' in the wind: short-term weather and belief in anthropogenic climate change
    • Hamilton L.C., Stampone M.D. Blowin' in the wind: short-term weather and belief in anthropogenic climate change. Weather, Climate and Society 2013, 5:112-119.
    • (2013) Weather, Climate and Society , vol.5 , pp. 112-119
    • Hamilton, L.C.1    Stampone, M.D.2
  • 26
    • 84868114295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boomerang effects in science communication: how motivated reasoning and identity cues amplify opinion polarization about climate mitigation policies
    • Hart P.S., Nisbet E.C. Boomerang effects in science communication: how motivated reasoning and identity cues amplify opinion polarization about climate mitigation policies. Communication Research 2012, 39:701-723.
    • (2012) Communication Research , vol.39 , pp. 701-723
    • Hart, P.S.1    Nisbet, E.C.2
  • 28
    • 84924042978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An index and test of linear moderated mediation
    • Hayes A.F. An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2015, 50:1-22.
    • (2015) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.50 , pp. 1-22
    • Hayes, A.F.1
  • 29
    • 84880655655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing responsibility in climate change discourse: ethnocentric attribution bias, perceived causes, and policy attitudes
    • Jang S.M. Framing responsibility in climate change discourse: ethnocentric attribution bias, perceived causes, and policy attitudes. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2013, 36:27-36.
    • (2013) Journal of Environmental Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 27-36
    • Jang, S.M.1
  • 31
    • 0011368765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the fall 1997 debate about global warming on American public opinion
    • Krosnick J.A., Holbrook A.L., Visser P.S. The impact of the fall 1997 debate about global warming on American public opinion. Public Understanding of Science 2000, 9:239-260.
    • (2000) Public Understanding of Science , vol.9 , pp. 239-260
    • Krosnick, J.A.1    Holbrook, A.L.2    Visser, P.S.3
  • 32
    • 84924994039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emotional effects of news frames on information processing and opinion formation
    • Kühne R., Schemer C. The emotional effects of news frames on information processing and opinion formation. Communication Research 2015, 42:387-407.
    • (2015) Communication Research , vol.42 , pp. 387-407
    • Kühne, R.1    Schemer, C.2
  • 33
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case for motivated reasoning
    • Kunda Z. The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 1990, 108:480-498.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 34
    • 79952428211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game
    • Leiberg S., Klimecki O., Singer T. Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game. PLoS One 2011, 6:e17798.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e17798
    • Leiberg, S.1    Klimecki, O.2    Singer, T.3
  • 35
    • 33747710116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change risk perception and policy preferences: the role of affect, imagery, and values
    • Leiserowitz A. Climate change risk perception and policy preferences: the role of affect, imagery, and values. Climatic Change 2006, 77:45-72.
    • (2006) Climatic Change , vol.77 , pp. 45-72
    • Leiserowitz, A.1
  • 38
    • 84865594639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of embodied temperature on perceptions of global warming
    • Lewandowski G.W., Ciarocco N.J., Gately E.L. The effect of embodied temperature on perceptions of global warming. Current Psychology 2012, 31:318-324.
    • (2012) Current Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 318-324
    • Lewandowski, G.W.1    Ciarocco, N.J.2    Gately, E.L.3
  • 39
    • 79954555226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local warming daily temperature change influences belief in global warming
    • Li Y., Johnson E.J., Zaval L. Local warming daily temperature change influences belief in global warming. Psychological Science 2011, 22:454-459.
    • (2011) Psychological Science , vol.22 , pp. 454-459
    • Li, Y.1    Johnson, E.J.2    Zaval, L.3
  • 40
    • 84937972232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the role of incidental emotions in support for climate change policy
    • Lu H., Schuldt J.P. Exploring the role of incidental emotions in support for climate change policy. Climatic Change 2015, 131:719-726.
    • (2015) Climatic Change , vol.131 , pp. 719-726
    • Lu, H.1    Schuldt, J.P.2
  • 41
    • 0001731656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short form of the positive and negative affect schedule: evaluation of factorial validity and invariance across demographic variables in a community sample
    • Mackinnon A., Jorm A.F., Christensen H., Korten A.E., Jacomb P.A., Rodgers B. A short form of the positive and negative affect schedule: evaluation of factorial validity and invariance across demographic variables in a community sample. Personality and Individual Differences 1999, 27:405-416.
    • (1999) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.27 , pp. 405-416
    • Mackinnon, A.1    Jorm, A.F.2    Christensen, H.3    Korten, A.E.4    Jacomb, P.A.5    Rodgers, B.6
  • 43
    • 79954585484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public's views of global warming, 2001-2010
    • McCright A.M., Dunlap R.E. The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public's views of global warming, 2001-2010. The Sociological Quarterly 2011, 52:155-194.
    • (2011) The Sociological Quarterly , vol.52 , pp. 155-194
    • McCright, A.M.1    Dunlap, R.E.2
  • 44
    • 77954656329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and future directions
    • Moser S.C. Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and future directions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2010, 1:31-53.
    • (2010) Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change , vol.1 , pp. 31-53
    • Moser, S.C.1
  • 46
    • 0037646917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the framing effects of emotion do discrete emotions differentially influence information accessibility, information seeking, and policy preference?
    • Nabi R.L. Exploring the framing effects of emotion do discrete emotions differentially influence information accessibility, information seeking, and policy preference?. Communication Research 2003, 30:224-247.
    • (2003) Communication Research , vol.30 , pp. 224-247
    • Nabi, R.L.1
  • 47
    • 84914126639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional flow in persuasive health messages
    • Nabi R. Emotional flow in persuasive health messages. Health Communication 2015, 30:114-124.
    • (2015) Health Communication , vol.30 , pp. 114-124
    • Nabi, R.1
  • 48
    • 77956601864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychology of global warming: improving the fit between the science and the message
    • Newell Ben, Pitman Andrew The psychology of global warming: improving the fit between the science and the message. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2010, 91:1003-1014.
    • (2010) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.91 , pp. 1003-1014
    • Newell, B.1    Pitman, A.2
  • 50
    • 84881237408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude change in competitive framing environments? Open-/closed-mindedness, framing effects, and climate change
    • Nisbet E.C., Hart P.S., Myers T., Ellithorpe M. Attitude change in competitive framing environments? Open-/closed-mindedness, framing effects, and climate change. Journal of Communication 2013, 63:766-785.
    • (2013) Journal of Communication , vol.63 , pp. 766-785
    • Nisbet, E.C.1    Hart, P.S.2    Myers, T.3    Ellithorpe, M.4
  • 52
  • 53
    • 84926010731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facing the diversity crisis in climate science
    • Pearson A.R., Schuldt J.P. Facing the diversity crisis in climate science. Nature Climate Change 2014, 4:1039-1042.
    • (2014) Nature Climate Change , vol.4 , pp. 1039-1042
    • Pearson, A.R.1    Schuldt, J.P.2
  • 55
    • 84955239943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Ideological divide over global warming as wide as ever Retrieved from. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/16/ideological-divide-ove-global-warming-as-wide-as-ever/.
    • Ideological divide over global warming as wide as ever
  • 56
    • 84977561121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feelings for the suffering of others and the environment compassion fosters proenvironmental tendencies
    • Advanced online publication
    • Pfattheicher S., Sassenrath C., Schindler S. Feelings for the suffering of others and the environment compassion fosters proenvironmental tendencies. Environment and Behavior 2015, Advanced online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515574549.
    • (2015) Environment and Behavior
    • Pfattheicher, S.1    Sassenrath, C.2    Schindler, S.3
  • 57
    • 44949168308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models
    • Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods 2008, 40:879-891.
    • (2008) Behavior Research Methods , vol.40 , pp. 879-891
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Hayes, A.F.2
  • 58
    • 44449167847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research
    • Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, A.F. Hayes, M.D. Slater, L.B. Snyder (Eds.)
    • Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research. The sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research 2008, 13-54. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. A.F. Hayes, M.D. Slater, L.B. Snyder (Eds.).
    • (2008) The sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research , pp. 13-54
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Hayes, A.F.2
  • 59
    • 84862592625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk communication, public engagement, and climate change: a role for emotions
    • Roeser S. Risk communication, public engagement, and climate change: a role for emotions. Risk Analysis 2012, 32:1033-1040.
    • (2012) Risk Analysis , vol.32 , pp. 1033-1040
    • Roeser, S.1
  • 60
    • 79952659541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Global warming" or "climate change"?: whether the planet is warming depends on question wording
    • Schuldt J.P., Konrath S.H., Schwarz N. "Global warming" or "climate change"?: whether the planet is warming depends on question wording. Public Opinion Quarterly 2011, 75:115-124.
    • (2011) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.75 , pp. 115-124
    • Schuldt, J.P.1    Konrath, S.H.2    Schwarz, N.3
  • 61
    • 84903588909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of accessibility and applicability: how heat-related cues affect belief in "global warming" versus "climate change."
    • Schuldt J.P., Roh S. Of accessibility and applicability: how heat-related cues affect belief in "global warming" versus "climate change.". Social Cognition 2014, 32:217-238.
    • (2014) Social Cognition , vol.32 , pp. 217-238
    • Schuldt, J.P.1    Roh, S.2
  • 63
    • 77954658744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding US public support for domestic climate change policies
    • Shwom R., Bidwell D., Dan A., Dietz T. Understanding US public support for domestic climate change policies. Global Environmental Change 2010, 20:472-482.
    • (2010) Global Environmental Change , vol.20 , pp. 472-482
    • Shwom, R.1    Bidwell, D.2    Dan, A.3    Dietz, T.4
  • 64
    • 61249113120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "If I look at the mass I will never act": psychic numbing and genocide
    • Slovic P. "If I look at the mass I will never act": psychic numbing and genocide. Judgment and Decision Making 2007, 2:79-95.
    • (2007) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.2 , pp. 79-95
    • Slovic, P.1
  • 65
    • 40249110044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional policy: personal sadness and anger shape judgments about a welfare case
    • Small D.A., Lerner J.S. Emotional policy: personal sadness and anger shape judgments about a welfare case. Political Psychology 2008, 29:149-168.
    • (2008) Political Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 149-168
    • Small, D.A.1    Lerner, J.S.2
  • 66
    • 84900533491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of emotion in global warming policy support and opposition
    • Smith N., Leiserowitz A. The role of emotion in global warming policy support and opposition. Risk Analysis 2014, 34:937-948.
    • (2014) Risk Analysis , vol.34 , pp. 937-948
    • Smith, N.1    Leiserowitz, A.2
  • 67
    • 84862616437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological distance of climate change
    • Spence A., Poortinga W., Pidgeon N. The psychological distance of climate change. Risk Analysis 2012, 32:957-972.
    • (2012) Risk Analysis , vol.32 , pp. 957-972
    • Spence, A.1    Poortinga, W.2    Pidgeon, N.3
  • 68
    • 84944167551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portraying the perils to polar bears: the role of empathic and objective perspective-taking toward animals in climate change communication
    • Swim J.K., Bloodhart B. portraying the perils to polar bears: the role of empathic and objective perspective-taking toward animals in climate change communication. Environmental Communication 2015, 9:446-468.
    • (2015) Environmental Communication , vol.9 , pp. 446-468
    • Swim, J.K.1    Bloodhart, B.2
  • 69
    • 77953157214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construal-level theory of psychological distance
    • Trope Y., Liberman N. Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review 2010, 117:440-463.
    • (2010) Psychological Review , vol.117 , pp. 440-463
    • Trope, Y.1    Liberman, N.2
  • 72
    • 84947419869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to improve public engagement with climate change: five "best practice" insights from psychological science
    • Van der Linden S., Maibach E., Leiserowitz A. How to improve public engagement with climate change: five "best practice" insights from psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2015, 10:758-763.
    • (2015) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 758-763
    • Van der Linden, S.1    Maibach, E.2    Leiserowitz, A.3
  • 73
    • 84928777307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing, partisan predispositions, and public opinion on climate change
    • Wiest S.L., Raymond L., Clawson R.A. Framing, partisan predispositions, and public opinion on climate change. Global Environmental Change 2015, 31:187-198.
    • (2015) Global Environmental Change , vol.31 , pp. 187-198
    • Wiest, S.L.1    Raymond, L.2    Clawson, R.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.