The Psychological Determinants of Political Judgment

Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Intraindividual Processes

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 615-634

  Ottati, Victor C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Political judgment; Political psychology; Political science; Psychological processing; Rational determinants

Indexed keywords

EID: 84954599871     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470998519.ch28     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

1. Abelson, R. P., Kinder, D. R., Peters, M. D., & Fiske, S. T. (1982). Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 619-630.
2. Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brunswick, E., Levinson, D., & Sanford (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper & Row.
3. Berent, M. K., & Krosnick, J. A. (1993). Attitude importance and the organization of attitude-relevant knowledge in memory. Unpublished manuscript.
4. Bobo, L., & Kluegel, J. R. (1993). Opposition to race-targeting: Self-interest, stratification, ideology, or racial attitudes? American Sociological Review, 58, 443-464.
5. Budesheim, T. L., & DePaola, S. J. (1994). Beauty or the beast? The effects of appearance, personality, and issue information on evaluations of political candidates. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 339-348.
6. Budesheim, T. L., Houston, D., & DePaolo, S. J. (1996). Persuasiveness of in-group and out-group political messages: The case of negative political campaigning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 523-534.
7. Bugental, D. E., Kaswan, J. W., & Love, L. R. (1970). Perception of contradictory meanings conveyed by verbal and nonverbal channels. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 647-655.
8. Burnstein, E., Abboushi, M., & Kitayama, S. (1993). How the mind preserves the image of the enemy: The mnemonics of Soviet-American relations. In W. Zimmerman & H. Jacobson (Eds.), Behavior, culture, and conflict in world politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
9. Chaiken, S., Liberman, A., & Eagly, A. (1998). Heuristic and systematic information processing within and beyond the persuasion context. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 212-252). New York: Guilford Press.
10. Clore, G. L., & Isbell, L. M. (in press). Emotion as virtue and vice. In J. Kuklinski (Ed.), Political psychology in practice.
11. Conover, P., & Feldman, S. (1984). How people organize the political world: A schematic model. American Journal of Political Science, 28, 95-126.
12. Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: Free Press.
13. Delli-Carpini, M. X., Huddy, L., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1997). Research in micropolitics: Rethinking rationality, Vol. 5. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
14. Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
15. Fazio, R. H., Jackson, J. R., Dunton, B. C., & Williams, C. J. (1995). Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1013-1027.
16. Fiske, S. T. (1986). Schema based versus piecemeal politics: A patchwork quilt, but not a blanket of evidence. In R. R. Lau & D. O. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annual Carnegie symposium on cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgment: The affect infusion model (AIM). Psychological Review, 117, 39-66.
18. Forgas, J. P., Kagan, C., & Frey, D. (1977). The cognitive representation of political personalities. Across-cultural comparison. International Journal of Psychology, 12, 19-30.
19. Funk, C. L. (1997). Implications of political expertise in candidate trait evaluations. Political Research Quarterly, 50, 675-697.
20. Glaser, J., & Salovey, P. (in press). Affect in electoral politics. Personality and Social Psychology Review.
21. Gruenfeld, D. H. (1995). Status, ideology, and integrative complexity on the US Supreme Court: Rethinking the politics of political decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 5-20.
22. Hastie, R., & Park, B. (1986). The relationship between memory and judgments depends on whether the task is memory based or on-line. Psychological Review, 93, 258-268.
23. Houston, D. A., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. (in press). The cancellation-and-focus model of choice and preferences for political candidates. Basic and Applied Social Psychology.
24. Houston, D. A., Doan, K., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. (in press). Negative political advertising and choice conflict. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.
25. Huddy, L., & Sears, D. O. (1995). Opposition to bilingual education: Prejudice or the defense of realistic interests? Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 133-143.
26. Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. A. (1987). How are foreign policy attitudes structured? A hierarchical model. American Political Science Review, 81, 1099-1120.
27. Isbell, L. M., & Wyer, R. S. (in press). Correcting for mood-induced bias in the evaluation of political candidates: The roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
28. Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News that matters: Television and American opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29. Iyengar, S., & Ottati, V. (1994). Cognitive perspective in political psychology. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition, Vol. 2: Applications (pp. 143-187). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Iyengar, S., & Petrocik, J. R. (1998). "Basic rule" voting: The impact of campaigns on party and approval based voting. Paper presented at the Conference on Political Advertising in Election Campaigns, American University, Washington, DC.
31. Jacoby, W. G. (1995). The structure of ideological thinking in the American electorate. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 314-335.
32. Judd, C. M., & Krosnick, J. A. (1989). The structural bases of consistency among political attitudes: Effects of political expertise and attitude importance. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 99-128). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
33. Karasawa, M. (1998). Eliminating national stereotypes: Direct versus indirect disconfirmation of beliefs in covariation. Japanese Psychological Review, 40, 61-73.
34. Kinder, D. R. (1986). Presidential character revisited. In R. R. Lau & D. O. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annual Carnegie symposium on cognition (pp. 233-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 414-431.
36. Klein, J. G. (1991). Negativity effects in impression formation: A test in the political arena. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 412-418.
37. Krosnick, J. (1988). Psychological perspectives on political candidate perception: A review of the projection hypothesis. Paper presented at the 1988 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
38. Krosnick, J. A., & Brannon, L. A. (1993). The media and the foundations of presidential support: George Bush and the Persian Gulf conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 167-182.
39. Krosnick, J. A., & Kinder, D. R. (1990). Altering the foundations of popular support for the president through priming. American Political Science Review, 84, 497-512.
40. Krosnick, J. A., Berent, M. K., & Boninger, D. S. (1994). Pockets of responsibility in the American electorate: Findings of a research program on attitude importance. Political Communication, 11, 391-411.
41. Kuklinski, J. H., Riggle, E., Ottati, V., Schwarz, N., & Wyer, R. S. (1991). The cognitive and affective bases of political tolerance judgments. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 1-27.
42. Lau, R. R. (1985). Two explanations for negativity effects in political behavior. American Journal of Political Science, 29, 119-138.
43. Lau, R. R., Smith, R. A., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). Political beliefs, policy interpretations, and political persuasion. Journal of Politics, 58, 644-675.
44. Lavine, H., Thomsen, C. J., Zanna, M. P., & Borgida, E. (1998). On the primacy of affect in the determination of attitudes and behavior: The moderating role of affective-cognitive ambivalence. Unpublished manuscript.
45. Lodge, M., & Hamill, R. (1986). A partisan schema for political information processing. American Political Science Review, 80, 505-519.
46. Lodge, M., & McGraw, K. (1995). Political judgment: Structure and process. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
47. Lodge, M., Steenbergen, M. R., & Brau, S. (1995). The responsive voter: Campaign information and the dynamics of candidate evaluation. American Political Science Review, 89, 309-326.
48. McGraw, K., & Pinney, N. (1990). The effects of general and domain-specific expertise on political memory and judgment. Social Cognition, 8, 9-30.
49. McGraw, K., Lodge, M., & Stroh, P. (1990). Order effects in the evaluation of political candidates. Political Behavior, 12,41-58.
50. McGraw, K., Pinney, N., & Neumann, D. (1991). Memory for political actors: Contrasting the use of semantic and evaluative organizational strategies. Political Behavior, 13, 165-189.
51. Marcus, G. E., & Mackuen, M. B. (1993). Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote: The emotional underpinnings of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns. American Political Science Review, 87, 672-685.
52. Martin, L. L., Ward, D. W., Achee, J. W., & Wyer, R. S. (1993). Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64,317-326.
53. Masters, R. D., Sullivan, D. G., Lanzetta, J. T., McHugo, G. J., & Englis, B. G. (1986). Journal of Social Biological Structure, 9, 319-343.
54. Mehrabian, A., & Ferris, S. R. (1967). Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 248-252.
55. Miller, A. H., Wattenberg, M. P., & Malanchuk, O. (1986). Schematic assessments of presidential candidates. American Political Science Review, 80, 521-540.
56. Miller, J. M., & Krosnick, J. A. (in press). The impact of candidate name order on election outcomes. Political Opinion Quarterly.
57. Nadeau, R., Niemi, R. G., & Amato, T. (1995). Emotions, issue importance, and political learning. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 558-574.
58. Ottati, V. (1990). Determinants of political judgments: The joint influence of normative and heuristic rules of inference. Political Behavior, 12, 159-179.
59. Ottati, V. (1997). When the survey question directs retrieval: Implications for assessing the cognitive and affective predictors of global evaluation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 1-21.
60. Ottati, V., & Isbell, L. M. (1996). Effects of mood during exposure to target information on subsequently reported judgments: An on-line model of misattribution and correction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 39-53.
61. Ottati, V., & Wyer, R. S. (1992). Affect and political judgment. In S. Iyengar & W. J. McGuire (Eds.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 296-320). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
62. Ottati, V., Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. (1988). Determinants of voters' beliefs about the candidates' stands on the issues: The role of evaluative bias heuristics and the candidates' expressed message. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 517-529.
63. Ottati, V., Steenbergen, M., & Riggle, E. (1992). The cognitive and affective components of political attitudes: Measuring the determinants of candidate evaluation. Political Behavior, 14, 423-442.
64. Ottati, V., Terkildsen, N., & Hubbard, C. (1997). Happy faces elicit heuristic processing in a televised impression formation task: A cognitive tuning account. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1144-1157.
65. Ottati, V., Riggle, E. J., Wyer, R. S., Schwarz, N., & Kuklinski, J. (1989). The cognitive and affective bases of opinion survey responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 405-415.
66. Petty, R. E., & Wegener, D. T. (1993). Flexible correction processes in social judgment: Correcting for context-induced contrast. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 137-165.
67. Rahn, W. M., & Cramer, K. J. (1996). Activation and application of political party stereotypes: The role of television. Political Communication, 13, 195-212.
68. Rahn, W. M.,Aldrich,J. H., & Borgida, E. (1994). Individual and contextual variations in political candidate appraisal. American Political Science Review, 88, 193-199.
69. Rahn, W. M., Aldrich, J. H., Borgida, E., & Sullivan, J. L. (1990). A social-cognitive model of candidate appraisal. In J. Ferejohn & J. Kuklinski (Eds.), Information and democratic process (pp. 136-159). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
70. Riggle, E., Ottati, V., Wyer, R. S., Kuklinski, J., & Schwarz, N. (1992). Bases of political judgments: The role of stereotypic and nonstereotypic information. Political Behavior, 14, 67-87.
71. Schwartz, S. H., Bardi, A., & Bianchi, G. (1998). Value adaptation to the imposition and collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. Unpublished manuscript.
72. Schwarz, N. (1990). Happy but mindless: Mood effects on problem-solving and persuasion. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition, Vol. 2 (pp. 527-561). New York: Guilford Press.
73. Schwarz, N., & Bless, H. (1992). Constructing reality and its alternatives: An inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast effects in social judgment. In L. Martin & A. Tesser (Ed.), The construction of social judgment (pp. 217-245). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
74. Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513-523.
75. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., & Bohner, G. (1991). Mood and persuasion: Affective states influence the processing of persuasive communications. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 24 (pp. 161-199). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
76. Sears, D. O. (1997). The impact of self-interest on attitudes: A symbolic politics perspective on differences between survey and experimental findings: Comment of Crano (1997). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 492-496.
77. Sears, D. O., Van Laar, C., Carillo, M., & Kosterman, R. (1997). Is it really racism? The origins of white Americans' opposition to race targeted policies. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 16-53.
78. Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., & Bobo, L. (1996). Racism, conservatism, affirmative action, and intellectual sophistication: A matter of principled conservatism or group dominance? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 476-490.
79. Skitka, L. J., & Tetlock, P. E. (1992). Allocating scarce resources: A contingency model of distributive justice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 491-522.
80. Skitka, L. J., & Tetlock, P. E. (1993). Of ants and grasshoppers: The political psychology of allocating public assistance. In B. Mellers & J. Baron (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on justice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
81. Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1989). Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131-142.
82. Sniderman, P. M., & Piazza, T. (1993). The scar of race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
83. Stapel, D. A., & Schwarz, N. (1998). The republican who did not want to become president: Colin Powell's impact on evaluations of the Republican Party and Bob Dole. Unpublished manuscript.
84. Sullivan, J. L., Aldrich, J. H., Borgida, E., & Rahn, W. (1990). Candidate appraisal and human nature: Man and Superman in the 1984 election. Political Psychology, 11, 459-484.
85. Tetlock, P. E. (1986). A value pluralism model of ideological reasoning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 819-827.
86. Tetlock, P. E., Bernzweig, J., & Gallant, J. L. (1985). Supreme Court decision making: Cognitive style as a predictor of ideological consistency of voting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1127-1239.
87. Tversky, A. (1977). Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84, 327-352.
88. Virtanen, S., & Huddy, L. (1998). Old-fashioned racism and new forms of racial prejudice. Journal of Politics, 60.
89. Wyer, R. S., & Ottati, V. (1993). Political information processing. In S. Iyengar & J. McGuire (Eds.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 264-295). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
90. Wyer, R. S., Budesheim, T. L., Shavitt, S., Riggle, E. D., Melton, R. J., & Kuklinski, J. H. (1991). Image, issues, and ideology: The processing of information about political candidates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 533-545.