A half-century of global phosphorus flows, stocks, production, consumption, recycling, and environmental impacts

Global Environmental Change

Volumn 36, Issue , 2016, Pages 139-152

  Chen, Minpeng ^a,b,c   Graedel, T E ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION   (China)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS   (Austria)

Author keywords

Environmental impacts; Flows; Production and consumption; Recycling; Stock

Indexed keywords

COATING; CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FOOD; GLOBAL CHANGE; MINING; NUTRIENT CYCLING; PHOSPHATE ROCK; PHOSPHORUS; RECYCLING; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE; DETERGENT; METAL; PRODUCTIVITY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SUSTAINABILITY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84954238616     PISSN: 09593780     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.12.005     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Ashley K., Cordell D., Mavinic D. A brief history of phosphorus: from the philosopher's stone to nutrient recovery and reuse. Chemosphere 2011, 84:737-746.
2. Balmr P. Phosphorus recovery-an overview of potentials and possibilities. Water Sci. Technol. 2004, 49:185-190.
3. Beaulac M.N., Reckhow K.H. An examination of land use-nutrient export relationships. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 1982, 18(6):1013-1024.
4. Bouwman A., van Drecht G., van der Hoek K.W. Global and regional surface nitrogen balances in intensive agricultural production systems for the period 1970-2030. Pedosphere 2005, 15:137-155.
5. Bouwman A., Beusen A., Billen G. Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970-2050. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2009, 23.
6. Brunner P.H. Substance flow analysis as a decision support tool for phosphorus management. J. Ind. Ecol. 2010, 14:870-873.
7. Cantrell K.B., Novak J.M., Frederick J.R., Karlen D.L., Watts D.W. Influence of corn residue harvest management on grain, stover, and energy yields. Bioenergy Res. 2014, 7:590-597.
8. Cech P.G., Venterink H.O., Edwards P.J. N and P cycling in Tanzanian humid savanna: influence of herbivores, fire, and N2-fixation. Ecosystems 2010, 13:1079-1096.
9. Chen M., Chen J., Sun F. Agricultural phosphorus flow and its environmental impacts in China. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 405:140-152.
10. Chen M., Graedel T.E. The potential for mining trace elements from phosphate rock. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 91:337-346.
11. Chen M., Guo B., Liu Y., Xia X., Chen J. Research on substance flow analysis of phosphorus: progress and perspective. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2015, 35:12.
12. Cheng B., Zhang Z., Chen L., Yuan Z., Sun X. Eutrophication of Taihu Lake and pollution from agricultural non-point sources in Lake Taihu Basin. J. Agro-Environ. Sci. 2005, 24:118-124.
13. Childers D.L., Corman J., Edwards M., Elser J.J. Sustainability challenges of phosphorus and food: solutions from closing the human phosphorus cycle. BioScience 2011, 61:117-124.
14. Chowdhury R.B., Moore G.A., Weatherley A.J., Arora M. A review of recent substance flow analyses of phosphorus to identify priority management areas at different geographical scales. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2014, 83:213-228.
15. Cooper J., Lombardi R., Boardman D., Carliell-Marquet C. The future distribution and production of global phosphate rock reserves. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2011, 57:78-86.
16. Cordell D., Drangert J.-O., White S. The story of phosphorus: global food security and food for thought. Glob. Environ. Change 2009, 19:292-305.
17. Cordell D., Rosemarin A., Schröder J., Smit A. Towards global phosphorus security: a systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options. Chemosphere 2011, 84:747-758.
18. Cordell D., White S. Life's bottleneck: sustaining the world's phosphorus for a food secure future. Ann. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2014, 39:161-188.
19. Dillon P.J., Kirchner W.B. The effects of geology and land use on the export of phosphorus from watersheds. Water Res. 1975, 9(2):135-148.
20. Dodds W.K., Bouska W.W., Eitzmann J.L., Pilger T.J., Pitts K.L., Riley A.J., Schloesser J.T., Thornbrugh D.J. Eutrophication of US freshwaters: analysis of potential economic damages. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 43:12-19.
21. Dong J., Zhuang D.F., Fu J.Y., Huang Y.H., Wen K.G. Bioenergy potential from crop residues in China: availability and distribution. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2012, 16:1377-1382.
22. Driver J., Lijmbach D., Steen I. Why recover phosphorus for recycling, and how?. Environ. Technol. 1999, 20:651-662.
23. Elser J., Bennett E. Phosphorus cycle: a broken biogeochemical cycle. Nature 2011, 478:29-31.
24. Elser J.J. Phosphorus: a limiting nutrient for humanity?. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2012, 23:833-838.
25. Falkowski P., Scholes R., Boyle E.e.a., Canadell J., Canfield D., Elser J., Gruber N., Hibbard K., Högberg P., Linder S. The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system. Science 2000, 290:291-296.
26. Haygarth P., Chapman P., Jarvis S., Smith R. Phosphorus budgets for two contrasting grassland farming systems in the UK. Soil Use Manag. 1998, 14:160-167.
27. Herrero M., Havlík P., Valin H., Notenbaert A., Rufino M.C., Thornton P.K., Blümmel M., Weiss F., Grace D., Obersteiner M. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, 110:20888-20893.
28. Gu B.J., Ju X.T., Chang J., Ge Y., Vitousek P.M. Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2015, 112:8792-8797.
29. Hofmann L., Ries R. Relationship of soil and plant characteristics to erosion and runoff on pasture and range. J. Soil Water Conserv. 1991, 46:143-147.
30. Janzen H.H., Beauchemin K.A., Bruinsma Y., Campbell C.A., Desjardins R.L., Ellert B.H., Smith E.G. The fate of nitrogen in agroecosystems: an illustration using Canadian estimates. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 2003, 67:85-102.
31. Jasinski S.M. Minerals Yearbook: Phosphate Rock 2010, United States Geological Survey (USGS).
32. Jasinski S.M. Minerals Yearbook: Phosphate Rock 2011, United States Geological Survey (USGS).
33. Jasinski S.M. Minerals Yearbook: Phosphate Rock 2015, United States Geological Survey (USGS).
34. Jouany C., Cruz P., Daufresne T., Duru M. Biological phosphorus cycling in grasslands: interactions with nitrogen. Phosphorus in Action 2011, 275-294. Springer.
35. Johnes P.J., Heathwaite A.L. Modelling the impact of land use change on water quality in agricultural catchments. Hydrol. Processes 1997, 11(3):269-286.
36. Karunanithi R., Szögi A., Bolan N., Naidu R., Loganathan P., Hunt P.G., Vanotti M.B., Saint C.P., Ok Y.S., Krishnamoorthy S. Phosphorus recovery and reuse from waste streams. Adv. Agron. 2015, 131.
37. Koppelaar R., Weikard H. Assessing phosphate rock depletion and phosphorus recycling options. Glob. Environ. Change 2013, 23:1454-1466.
38. Lal R. Soil erosion and the global carbon budget. Environ. Int. 2003, 29:437-450.
39. Lal R. World crop residues production and implications of its use as a biofuel. Environ. Int. 2005, 31:575-584.
40. Liu C., Watanabe M., Wang Q.X. Changes in nitrogen budgets and nitrogen use efficiency in the agroecosystems of the Changjiang River basin between 1980 and 2000. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 2008, 80:19-37.
41. Liu Y., Villalba G., Ayres R.U., Schroder H. Global phosphorus flows and environmental impacts from a consumption perspective. J. Ind. Ecol. 2008, 12:229-247.
42. Ma S., Hu S., Chen D., Zhu B. A case study of a phosphorus chemical firm's application of resource efficiency and eco-efficiency in industrial metabolism under circular economy. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 87:839-849.
43. MacDonald J.M. Manure Use for Fertilizer and for Energy: Report to Congress 2010, DIANE Publishing.
44. MacDonald G.K., Bennett E.M., Potter P.A., Ramankutty N. Agronomic phosphorus imbalances across the world's croplands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2011, 108:3086-3091.
45. Mattikalli N.M., Richards K.S. Estimation of surface water quality changes in response to land use change: application of the export coefficient model using remote sensing and geographical information system. J. Environ. Manag. 1996, 48(3):263-282.
46. McIvor J., Guppy C., Probert M. Phosphorus requirements of tropical grazing systems: the northern Australian experience. Plant Soil 2011, 349:55-67.
47. McIvor J.G., Williams J., Gardener C.J. Pasture management influences runoff and soil movement in the semi-arid tropics. Anim. Prod. Sci. 1995, 35:55-65.
48. Metson G., Aggarwal R., Childers D.L. Efficiency through proximity. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16:914-927.
49. Metson G.S., Bennett E.M., Elser J.J. The role of diet in phosphorus demand. Environ. Res. Lett. 2012, 7:044043.
50. Mohr, S., Evans, G., 2013. Projections of future phosphorus production. PHILICA.COM article number 380. Available at: . http://philica.com/display_article.php%3Farticle_id=380.
51. Montgomery D.R. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007, 104:13268-13272.
52. Morée A., Beusen A., Bouwman A., Willems W. Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2013, 27:836-846.
53. Ott C., Rechberger H. The European phosphorus balance. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2012, 60:159-172.
54. Oenema O., Witzke H.P., Klimont Z., Lesschen J.P., Velthof G.L. Integrated assessment of promising measures to decrease nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2009, 133(3):280-288.
55. Pierrou U. The global phosphorus cycle. Ecol. Bull. 1976, 22:75-88.
56. Pieterse N.M., Bleuten W., Jørgensen S.E. Contribution of point sources and diffuse sources to nitrogen and phosphorus loads in lowland river tributaries. J. Hydrol. 2003, 271(1):213-225.
57. Ragnarsdóttir K.V., Sverdrup H., Koca D. Challenging the planetary boundaries I: basic principles of an integrated model for phosphorous supply dynamics and global population size. Appl. Geochem. 2011, 26:S303-S306.
58. Reid R.L., Klopfenstein T.J. Forages and crop residues: quality evaluation and system of utilization. J. Anim. Sci. 1982, 57:534-562.
59. Roy E.D., White J.R., Seibert M. Societal phosphorus metabolism in future coastal environments: insights from recent trends in Louisiana, USA. Glob. Environ. Change 2014, 28:1-13.
60. Sattari S.Z., Bouwman A.F., Giller K.E., van Ittersum M.K. Residual soil phosphorus as the missing piece in the global phosphorus crisis puzzle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2012, 109:6348-6353.
61. Scholz R.W., Roy A.H., Brand F.S., Hellums D.T., Ulrich A.E. Sustainable Phosphorus Management: A Global Transdisciplinary Roadmap 2014, Springer, Berlin.
62. Scholz R.W., Wellmer F.-W. Approaching a dynamic view on the availability of mineral resources: what we may learn from the case of phosphorus?. Glob. Environ. Change 2013, 23:11-27.
63. Senthilkumar K., Mollier A., Delmas M., Pellerin S., Nesme T. Phosphorus recovery and recycling from waste: an appraisal based on a French case study. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2014, 87:97-108.
64. Schönning C. Hygienic aspects on the reuse of source-separated human urine. NJ F Seminar 2001, 20-21.
65. Sharpley A., Wang X. Managing agricultural phosphorus for water quality: lessons from the USA and China. J. Environ. Sci. 2014, 26:1770-1782.
66. Sharpley A.N., McDowell R.W., Kleinman P.J. Phosphorus loss from land to water: integrating agricultural and environmental management. Plant Soil 2001, 237:287-307.
67. Sheldrick W.F., Syers J.K., Lingard J. A conceptual model for conducting nutrient audits at national, regional, and global scales. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 2002, 62:61-72.
68. Simpson R.J., Oberson A., Culvenor R.A., Ryan M.H., Veneklaas E.J., Lambers H., Lynch J.P., Ryan P.R., Delhaize E., Smith F.A. Strategies and agronomic interventions to improve the phosphorus-use efficiency of farming systems. Plant Soil 2011, 349:89-120.
69. Simpson R.J., Stefanski A., Marshall D., Moore A., Richardson A. The farm-gate phosphorus balance of sheep grazing systems maintained at three contrasting soil fertility levels. Food Security from Sustainable Agriculture. Proc. 15th Aust. Soc. Agron. Conf. 2010, 15-18.
70. Smil V. Phosphorus in the environment: natural flows and human interferences. Ann. Rev. Energy Environ. 2000, 25:53-88.
71. Smith K.A., Brewer A.J., Dauven A., Wilson D.W. A survey of the production and use of animal manures in England and Wales. I. Pig manure. Soil Use Manag. 2000, 16:124-132.
72. Smith K.A., Brewer A.J., Dauven A., Wilson D.W. A survey of the production and use of animal manures in England and Wales. II. Poutry manure. Soil Use Manag. 2001, 17:48-56.
73. Smith K.A., Brewer J.A., Crabb J., Dauven A. A survey of the production and use of animal manures in England and Wales. III. Cattle manures. Soil Use Manag. 2001, 17:77-87.
74. Suh S., Yee S. Phosphorus use-efficiency of agriculture and food system in the US. Chemosphere 2011, 84:806-813.
75. Sverdrup H.U., Ragnarsdottir K.V. Challenging the planetary boundaries II: assessing the sustainable global population and phosphate supply, using a systems dynamics assessment model. Appl. Geochem. 2011, 26:S307-S310.
76. Syers J., Johnston A., Curtin D. Efficiency of soil and fertilizer phosphorus use. FAO Fertil. Plant Nutr. Bull. 2008, 18.
77. Tabata Y., Togo D., Kitagawa M., Oishi K., Kumagai H., Kume S., Hirooka H. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium utilization and their cycling in a beef-forage production system. Anim. Sci. J. 2009, 80(4):475-485.
78. United States Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook 2012, United States Geological Survey (USGS).
79. Uri N.D. A note on soil erosion and its environmental consequences in the United States. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2001, 129:181-197.
80. Vaccari D.A. Phosphorus: a looming crisis. Sci. Am. 2009, 300:54-59.
81. Van Kauwenbergh S.J. World Phosphate Rock Reserves and Resources 2010, IFDC Muscle Shoals.
82. Van Kauwenbergh S.J., Stewart M., Mikkelsen R. World reserves of phosphate rock. . . a dynamic and unfolding story. Better Crops 2013, 97:18-20.
83. Van Vuuren D.P., Bouwman A., Beusen A. Phosphorus demand for the 1970-2100 period: a scenario analysis of resource depletion. Glob. Environ. Change 2010, 20:428-439.
84. Veneklaas E.J., Lambers H., Bragg J., Finnegan P.M., Lovelock C.E., Plaxton W.C., Price C.A., Scheible W.R., Shane M.W., White P.J. Opportunities for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in crop plants. New Phytol. 2012, 195:306-320.
85. Villalba G., Liu Y., Schroder H., Ayres R.U. Global phosphorus flows in the industrial economy from a production perspective. J. Ind. Ecol. 2008, 12:557-569.
86. Wickham J.D., Wade T.G. Watershed level risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus export. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2002, 37(1):15-24.
87. Wirsenius S. The biomass metabolism of the food system: a model-based survey of the global and regional turnover of food biomass. J. Ind. Ecol. 2003, 7:47-80.
88. Wu H., Yuan Z., Zhang Y., Gao L., Liu S. Life-cycle phosphorus use efficiency of the farming system in Anhui Province, Central China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2014, 83:1-14.
89. Wu R., Tiessen H. Effect of land use on soil degradation in alpine grassland soil, China. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2002, 66:1648-1655.
90. Zhou J.B., Chen X.Q., Xie J.C., Rolf H. Nutrient balance and nutrient management in agro-ecosystems of China. Nutrient Mangement in China (Part 1): Nutrient Balance and Nutrient Cycling in Agro-Ecosystems 2000, International Potash Institute, Basal, Switzerland. H. Rof, J.C. Xie, J.M. Zhou, Q.Z. Fan (Eds.).
91. Zhu Z.L., Wen Q.X. Soil Nitrogen in China 1992, Phoeni Science Press, Huaiyin.