Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 110, Issue 52, 2013, Pages 20888-20893

  Herrero, Mario ^a,b   Havlík, Petr ^b,c   Valin, Hugo ^c   Notenbaert, An ^b   Rufino, Mariana C ^b   Thornton, Philip K ^b   Blümmel, Michael ^b   Weiss, Franz ^c   Grace, Delia ^b   Obersteiner, Michael ^c  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

^b INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Kenya)

^c INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS   (Austria)

Author keywords

GHG emissions; Global change; Land use; Sustainability

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL FOOD; ANIMAL PRODUCT; ARTICLE; BEEF CATTLE; BIOPHYSICS; BOVIDS; CARBON FOOTPRINT; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EGG; FEMALE; GOAT; LIVESTOCK; MALE; MEAT; MILK; NONHUMAN; POULTRY; PRIMARY PRODUCTION (BIOMASS); PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 84891360168     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308149110     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Steinfeld H, Gerber P, Wassenaar T, Castel V, de Haan C (2006) Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy).
2. FAO (2009) The State of Food and Agriculture (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Rome, Italy).
3. Herrero M, et al. (2010) Smart investments in sustainable food production: Revisiting mixed crop-livestock systems. Science 327(5967): 822-825.
4. Thornton PK (2010) Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365(1554): 2853-2867.
5. Herrero M, et al. (2013) The roles of livestock in developing countries. Animal 7(Suppl 1): 3-18.
6. Foley JA, et al. (2011) Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature 478(7369): 337-342.
7. McMichael AJ, Powles JW, Butler CD, Uauy R (2007) Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health. Lancet 370(9594): 1253-1263.
8. Smith P, et al. (2007) Agriculture. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. eds Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (Cambridge Univ Press, London).
9. IAASTD (2009) International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development: Executive Summary of the Synthesis Report, www. agassessment.org/index.cfm. Accessed November 23, 2012.
10. UK Government Office for Science (2011) Foresight. The Future of Food and Farming. Final Project Report (The Government Office for Science, London).
11. GEO5 (2012) Global Environment Outlook: Environment for the Future we Want (UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya).
12. Pelletier N, Tyedmers P (2010) Forecasting potential global environmental costs of livestock production 2000-2050. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(43): 18371-18374.
13. Bouwman AF, der Hoek KWV, Eickhout B, Soenario I (2005) Exploring changes in world ruminant production systems. Agric Syst 84(2): 121-153.
14. Westhoek H, et al. (2011) The Protein Puzzle (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague).
15. Wirsenius S, Azar C, Berndes G (2010) How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030? Agric Syst 103(9): 621-638.
16. Mekonnen MM, Hoekstra AJ (2012) A global assessment of the water footprint of animal products. Ecosystems 15: 401-415.
17. Robinson TP, et al. (2011) Global Livestock Production Systems (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Rome).
18. FAOSTAT (2011) Statistical Database (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy).
19. Homewood K (2004) Policy, environment and development in African rangelands. Environ Sci Policy 7: 125-143.
20. Reid RS, et al. (2008) Fragmentation of a peri-urban savanna, Athi-Kaputiei Plains, Kenya. Fragmentation in Semi-arid and Arid Landscapes: Consequences for Human and Natural Systems, eds Galvin KA, Reid RS, Behnke RH, Hobbs NT (Springer, Dordrecht), pp 195-224.
21. Thornton PK, et al. (2002) Mapping Poverty and Livestock in the Developing World (International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya).
22. Herrero M, Thornton PK, Kruska R, Reid RS (2008) Systems dynamics and the spatial distribution of methane emissions from African domestic ruminants to 2030. Agric Ecosyst Environ 126(1-2): 122-137.
23. Blümmel M, et al. (2003) Improving the production and utilization of sorghum and pearl millet as livestock feed: Methodological problems and possible solutions. Field Crops Res 84: 123-142.
24. Valbuena D, et al. (2012) Conservation agriculture in mixed crop-livestock systems: Scoping crop residue trade-offs in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Field Crops Res 132: 175-184.
25. Alexandratos N, Bruinsma J (2012) World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Rome).
26. Blaxter KL, Clapperton JL (1965) Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants. Br J Nutr 19(4): 511-522.
27. AFRC (1993) The Nutrient Requirments of Dairy Cattle (Agriculture and Food Research Council, CAB International, Wallingford, UK).
28. Havlík P, et al. (2013) Crop productivity and the global livestock sector: Implications for land use change and greenhouse gas emissions. Am J Agric Econ 95: 442-448.
29. Rockström J, Lannerstad M, Falkenmark M (2007) Assessing the water challenge of a new green revolution in developing countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(15): 6253-6260.
30. Bouwman AF, et al. (2011) Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture induced by livestock production for the period 1900-2050. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 20882-20887.
31. Ramankutty N, Evan A, Monfreda C, Foley JA (2008) Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000. Global Biogeochem Cycles 22:GB1003.
32. You L, Wood S (2006) An entropy approach to spatial disaggregation of agricultural production. Agric Syst 90: 329-347.
33. Jones J, et al. (2003) The DSSAT cropping system model. Eur J Agron 18: 235-265.
34. Keating BA, et al. (2003) An overview of APSIM, a model designed for farming systems simulation. Eur J Agron 18: 267-288.
35. Stehfest E, et al. (2009) Climate benefits of changing diet. Clim Change 95: 83-102.
36. US EPA (2006) Global Anthropogenic Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990-2020 (United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC).
37. EC-JRC/PBL (2011) Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), Release Version 4.2. http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu. (Bilthoven, The Netherlands).
38. FAO (2010) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Dairy Sector. A Life Cycle Assessment (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy).
39. de Vries M, de Boer IJM (2009) Comparing environmental impacts of livestock 33 products. A review of life cycle assessments. Livest Sci 128: 1-11.
40. McDermott JJ, et al. (2010) Sustaining intensification of smallholder livestock systems in the tropics. Livest Sci 130: 95-109.
41. Steinfeld H, Gerber P (2010) Livestock production and the global environment: Consume less or produce better? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(43): 18237-18238.
42. Garnett T (2009) Livestock-related greenhouse gas emissions: Impacts and options for policy makers. Environ Sci Policy 12(4): 491-503.
43. Gibbs HK, et al. (2010) Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(38): 16732-16737.
44. Seré C, Steinfeld H (1996) World Livestock Production Systems: Current Status, Issues and Trends (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy).
45. Kruska RL, et al. (2003) Mapping livestock-orientated agricultural production systems for the developing world. Agric Syst 77: 39-63.
46. Wint W, Robinson T (2008) Gridded Livestock of the World (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy).
47. Lesnoff M (2008) DYNMOD. A Tool for Demographic Projections of Tropical Livestock Populations. Manual Version. 1 (CIRAD and ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya).
48. Le Houerou H, Bingham RL, Skerbek W (1988) Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands. J Arid Environ 15: 1-18.
49. Illius AWO, Connor TG (2000) Resource heterogeneity and ungulate population dynamics. Oikos 2: 283-294.
50. Liu J, et al. (2010) A high-resolution assessment on global nitrogen flows in cropland. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(17): 8035-8040.
51. Thornton PK, Herrero M (2010) Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(46): 19667-19672.
52. NRC (1998) Nutrient Requirements of Swine (National Research Council, Washington, DC), 10th Ed.