Principles of compensation in cognitive neuroscience and neurorehabilitation

Cognitive Neurorehabilitation

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 22-38

  Dixon, Roger A ^a   Garrett, Douglas D ^b   Bäckman, Lars ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b ROTMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Neurology and clinical neuroscience; Neuropsychology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84954205573     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781316529898.004     Document Type: Chapter

References (101)

1. Adler, A. A. (1927; Original published in 1920). Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace.
2. Ahlsén, E. (1991). Body communication as compensation for speech in a Wernicke’s aphasic: a longitudinal study. Journal of Communication Disorders, 24, 1-12.
3. Amedi, A., Raz, N., Pianka, P., Malach, R., & Zohary, E. (2003). Early "visual" cortex activation correlates with superior verbal memory performance in the blind. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 758-766.
4. Bach-y-Rita, P. (1990). Brain plasticity as a basis for recovery of function in humans. Neuropsychologia, 28, 547-554.
5. Bach-y-Rita, P., & Bach-y-Rita, E. W. (1990). Biological and psychosocial factors in recovery from brain damage in humans. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 44, 148-165.
6. Bäckman, L. (1985). Compensation and recoding: A framework for ageing and memory research. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 26, 193-207.
7. Bäckman, L. (1989). Varieties of memory compensation by older adults in episodic remembering. In L. W. Poon, D. C. Rubin, & B. A. Wilson (Eds.), Everyday Cognition in Adulthood and Late Life (pp. 509-544). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8. Bäckman, L. (1992). Memory Functioning in Dementia. Amsterdam, NL: North-Holland.
9. Bäckman, L., & Dixon, R. A. (1992). Psychological compensation: a theoretical framework. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 259-283.
10. Bäckman, L., Almkvist, O., Andersson, J., Nordberg, A., Reineck, R., Winblad, B., & La°ngström, B. (1997). Brain activation in young and older adults during implicit and explicit retrieval. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 378-391.
11. Bäckman, L., Nyberg, L., Lindenberger, U., Li, S.-C., & Farde, L. (2006). The correlative triad among aging, dopamine, and cognition: current status and future prospects. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 791-807.
12. Bayona, N. A., Bitensky, J., Foley, N., & Teasell, R. (2005a). Intrinsic factors influencing post stroke brain reorganization. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 12, 27-36.
13. Bayona, N. A., Bitensky, J., Salter, K., & Teasell, R. (2005b). The role of task-specific training in rehabilitation therapies. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 12, 58-65.
14. Becker, J. T., Mintun, M. A., Aleva, K., Wiseman, M. B., Nichols, T., & DeKosky, S. T. (1996a). Alterations in functional neuroanatomical connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease: positron emission tomography of auditory verbal short-term memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 777, 239-242.
15. Becker, J. T., Mintun, M. A., Aleva, K., Wiseman, M. B., Nichols, T., & DeKosky, S. T. (1996b). Compensatory reallocation of brain resources supporting verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 16, 692-700.
16. Brandtstädter, J., & Wentura, D. (1995). Adjustment to shifting possibility frontiers in later life: complementary adaptive modes. In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 83-106). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
17. Buckner, R. L., Corbetta, M., Schatz, J., Raichle, M. E., & Petersen, S. E. (1996). Preserved speech abilities and compensation following prefrontal damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 1249-1253.
18. Cabeza, R., Anderson, N. D., Locantore, J. K., & McIntosh, A. R. (2002). Aging gracefully: compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. NeuroImage, 17, 1394-1402.
19. Craik, F. I. M., Winocur, G., Palmer, H., Binns, M. A., Edwards, M., Bridges, K., Glazer, P., Chavannes, R., & Stuss, D. T. (2007). Cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly: effects on memory. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 132-142.
20. Crosson, B., Moore, A. B., Gopinath, K., White, K. D., Wierenga, C. E., Gaiefsky, M. E., Fabrizio, K. S., Peck, K. K., Soltysik, D., Milsted, C., Briggs, R.W., Conway, T.W., & Rothi, L. J. G. (2005). Role of the right and left hemispheres in recovery of function during treatment of intention in aphasia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 392-406.
21. Daselaar, S., & Cabeza, R. (2005). Age-related changes in hemispheric organization. In R. Cabeza, L. Nyberg, & D. Park (Eds.), Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging (pp. 325-353). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
22. de Frias, C. M., & Dixon, R. A. (2005). Confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance of the Memory Compensation Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 17, 168-178.
23. de Kosky, S. T., Ikonomovic, M. D., Styren, S. D., Beckett, L., Wisniewski, S., Bennett, D. A., Cochran, E. J., Kordower, J. H., & Mufson, E. J. (2002). Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Annals of Neurology, 51, 145-155.
24. Desgranges, B., Baron, J.-C., de la Sayette, V., Petit-Taboué, M.-C., Benali, K., Landeau, B., Lechevalier, B., & Eustache, F. (1998). The neural substrates of memory systems impairment in Alzheimer’s disease: a PET study of resting brain glucose utilization. Brain, 121, 611-631.
25. Dixon, R. A., & Bäckman, L. (1995a). Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
26. Dixon, R. A., & Bäckman, L. (1995b). Concepts of compensation: Integrated, differentiated, and Janus-faced. In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 3-20). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
27. Dixon, R. A., & Bäckman, L. (1999). Principles of compensation in cognitive neurorehabilitation. In D. T. Stuss, G. Winocur, & I. H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive Neurorehabilitation (pp. 59-72). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
28. Dixon, R. A., & de Frias, C. M. (2007). Mild memory deficits differentially affect six-year changes in compensatory strategy use. Psychology and Aging, 22, 632-638.
29. Dixon, R. A., de Frias, C. M., & Bäckman, L. (2001). Characteristics of self-reported memory compensation in older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23, 630-661.
30. Dixon, R. A., Hopp, G. A., Cohen, A.-L., de Frias, C. M., & Bäckman, L. (2003). Self-reported memory compensation: similar patterns in Alzheimer’s disease and very old adult samples. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 382-390.
31. Dixon, R. A., Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G. (2004). New Frontiers in Cognitive Aging. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
32. Durany, N., Michel, T., Kurt, J., Cruz-Sánchez, F. F., Cervós-Navarro, J., & Riederer, P. (2000). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 levels in Alzheimer’s disease brains. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 18, 807-813.
33. Egan, M. F., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Mazzanti, C. M., Straub, R. E., Goldman, D., & Weinberger, D. R. (2001). Effect of COMT Val108/158Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 6917-6922.
34. Emerson, R. W. (1900). Compensation. New York, NY: Caldwell.
35. Erickson, K. I., Colcombe, S. J., Wadhwa, R., Bherer, L., Peterson, M. S., Scalf, P. E., Kim, J. S., Alvarado, M., & Kramer, A. F. (2007). Training-induced plasticity in older adults: effects of training on hemispheric asymmetry. Neurobiology of Aging, 28, 272-283.
36. Glisky, E. L.,& Glisky, M. L. (1999). Memory rehabilitation in the elderly. In D. T. Stuss, G. Winocur, & I. H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive Neurorehabilitation (pp. 347-361). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
37. Gonzalez Rothi, L. J. (1995). Behavioral compensation in the case of treatment of acquired language disorders resulting from brain damage. In R. A. Dixon, & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 219-230). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
38. Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., Beig, S., Keightley, M. L., Burian, H., & Black, S. E. (2003). Evidence from functional neuroimaging of a compensatory prefrontal network in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 986-993.
39. Grossman, M., Payer, F., Onishi, K., White-Devine, T., Morrison, D., D’Esposito, M., Robinson, K., & Alavi, A. (1997). Constraints on the cerebral basis for semantic processing from neuroimaging studies of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 63, 152-158.
40. Hartmann, G. W. (1933). Changes in visual acuity through simultaneous stimulation of other sense organs. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 16, 393-407.
41. Hawley, K. S., & Cherry, K. E. (2004). Spaced-retrieval effects on name-face recognition in older adults with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Behavior Modification, 28, 276-296.
42. Hayes, S. P. (1933). New experimental data on the old problem of sensory compensation. Teachers Forum, 5, 22-26.
43. Heilman, K. M., Watson, R. T., & Valenstein, E. (2003). Neglect and related disorders. In K. M. Heilman, & E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology, 4th Edition (pp. 296-346). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
44. Heiss, W. D., & Thiel, A. (2006). A proposed regional hierarchy in recovery of post-stroke aphasia. Brain and Language, 98, 118-123.
45. Herlitz, A., Adolfsson, R., Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G. (1991). Cue utilization following different forms of encoding in mildly, moderately, and severely demented patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Cognition, 15, 119-130.
46. Herlitz, A., Lipsinska, B., & Bäckman, L. (1992). Utilization of cognitive support for episodic remembering in Alzheimer’s disease. In L. Bäckman (Eds.), Memory Functioning in Dementia (pp. 73-96). Amsterdam, NL: North-Holland.
47. Horn, D., Levy, N., & Ruppin, E. (1996). Neuronal-based synaptic compensation: a computational study in Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Computation, 8, 1227-1243.
48. Jennings, J. M., & Jacoby, L. L. (2003). Improving memory in older adults: training recollection. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 13, 417-440.
49. Kliegl, R., & Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theory-guided analysis of development and aging mechanisms through testingthe-limits and research on expertise. In C. Schooler & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Cognitive Functioning and Social Structure over the Life Course (pp. 95-119). Norwood, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
50. Kliegl, R., & Philipp, D. (2007). Become a demosthenes! Compensating age-related memory deficits with expert strategies. In P. C. Kyllonen, R. D. Roberts, & L. Stankov (Eds.), Extending Intelligence: Enhancements and New Constructs. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
51. Kolb, B., & Gibb, R. (1999). Neuroplasticity and recovery of function after brain injury. In D. T. Stuss, G. Winocur, & I. H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive Neurorehabilitation (pp. 9-25). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
52. Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I. Q. (1996). Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 4th Edition. New York, NY: Freeman.
53. Lashley, K. S. (1924). Studies of cerebral functioning in learning: V. The retention of motor habits after destruction of the so called motor areas in primates. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 12, 249-276.
54. Levine, B., Cabeza, R., McIntosh, A. R., Black, S. E., Grady, C. L., & Stuss, D. T. (2002). Functional reorganisation of memory after traumatic brain injury: A study with H2150 positron emission tomography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 73, 173-181.
55. Li, S.-C., Lindenberger, U., & Sikstrom, S. (2001). Aging cognition: from neuromodulation to representation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 479-486.
56. Liotti, M., Ryder, K., & Woldorff, M. G. (1998). Auditory attention in the congenitally blind: where, when and what gets organized. NeuroReport, 9, 1007-1012.
57. Luria, A. R. (1963). Restoration of Function after Brain Injury. New York, NY: MacMillan.
58. Luria, A. R. (1966). Higher Cortical Functions in Man. New York, NY: Basic Books.
59. Marsiske, M., Lang, F. R., Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1995). Selective optimization with compensation: lifespan perspectives on successful human development. In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 35-79). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
60. Masterton, B. A., & Biederman, G. B. (1983). Proprioceptive versus visual control in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 141-152.
61. Mateer, C. A. (1996). Rehabilitation of individuals with frontal lobe impairment. In J. Leon-Carrion (Eds.), Neuropsychological Rehabilitation and Treatment of Brain Injury (pp. 285-300). Delory Beach, FL: St Lucie Press.
62. Mateer, C. A. (1999). The rehabilitation of executive disorders. In D. T. Stuss, G. Winocur, & I. H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive Neurorehabilitation (pp. 314-332). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
63. Mattay, V. S., Goldberg, T. E., Fara, F., Hariri, A. R., Tessitore, A., Egan, M. F., Kolachana, B., Callicott, J. H., & Weinberger, D. R. (2003). Catechol O-methyltransferase val158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., 106, 186-191.
64. McIntosh, A. R., Bookstein, F. L., Haxby, J. V., & Grady, C. L. (1996). Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares. NeuroImage, 3, 143-157.
65. Munk, H. M. (1881). Über die Funktion der Grosshirnrinde: Gesammelte Mittheilungen aus den Jahren 1877-80 [On the function of the cerebral cortex: collected works from the years 1877-80]. Berlin, De: Hirschwald.
66. Neville, H. J. (1990). Intermodal competition and compensation in development: evidence from studies of the visual system in congenitally deaf adults. In A. Diamond (Eds.), The Development and Neural Bases of Higher Cognitive Functions (pp. 71-91). New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences.
67. Ohlsson, K. (1986). Compensation as skill. In E. Hjelmquist & L.-G. Nilsson (Eds.), Communication and Handicap: Aspects of Psychological Compensation and Technical Aids (pp. 85-101). Amsterdam, NL: North-Holland.
68. Paquette, V., Lévesque, J., Mensour, B., Leroux, J.-M., Beaudoin, G., Bourgouin, P., & Beauregard, M. (2003). "Change the mind and you change the brain": Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of spider phobia. NeuroImage, 18, 401-409.
69. Persson, J., Nyberg, L., Lind, J., Larsson, A., Nilsson, L.-G., Ingvar, M., & Buckner, R. L. (2006). Structure-function correlates of cognitive decline in aging. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 907-915.
70. Picard, N., & Strick, P. L. (1996). Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 342-353.
71. Prigatano, G. P., & Kime, S. (2003). What do brain dysfunctional patients report following memory compensation training? Neurorehabilitation, 18, 47-55.
72. Prvulovic, D., Van de Ven, V., Sack, A. T., Maurer, K., & Linden, D. E. J. (2005). Functional activation imaging in aging and dementia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 140, 97-113.
73. Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Lustig, C. (2005). Brain aging: reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 245-251.
74. Rönnberg, J. (1995). Perceptual compensation in the deaf and blind: Myth or reality? In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 251-274). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
75. Rothi, L. J., & Horner, J. (1983). Restitution and substitution: two theories of recovery with applications to neurobehavioral treatment. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 73-81.
76. Salthouse, T. A. (1984). Effects of age and skill in typing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 345-371.
77. Salthouse, T. A. (1987). Age, experience, and compensation. In C. Schooler & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Cognitive Functioning and Social Structure over the Life Course (pp. 142-150). New York, NY: Ablex.
78. Salthouse, T. A. (1990). Cognitive competence and expertise in aging. In J. E. Birren, & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (pp. 310-319). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
79. Salthouse, T. A. (1995). Refining the concept of psychological compensation. In R. A. Dixon, & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 21-34). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
80. Schaefer, S., Murrey, M. A., Magee, W., & Wheeler, B. (2006). Melodic intonation therapy with brain-injured patients. In G. J. Murrey (Eds.), Alternative Therapies in the Treatment of Brain Injury and Neurobehavioral Disorders (pp. 75-88). New York, NY: Haworth Press.
81. Smith, P. F., & Curthoys, I. S. (1989). Mechanisms of recovery following unilateral labyrinthectomy: a review. Brain Research Reviews, 14, 155-180.
82. Springer, M. V., McIntosh, A. R., Winocur, G., & Grady, C. L. (2005). The relation between brain activity during memory tasks and years of education in young and older adults. Neuropsychology, 19, 181-192.
83. Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 448-460.
84. Stern, Y., Moeller, J. R., Anderson, K. E., Luber, B., Zubin, N. R., DiMauro, A. A., Park, A., Campbell, C. E., Marder, K., Bell, K., van Heertum, R., & Sackeim, H. A. (2000). Different brain networks mediate task performance in normal aging and AD: Defining compensation. Neurology, 55, 1291-1297.
85. Stern, Y., Habeck, C., Moeller, J., Scarmeas, N., Anderson, K. E., Hilton, H. J., Flynn, J., Sackeim, H., & van Heertum, R. (2005). Brain networks associated with cognitive reserve in healthy young and old adults. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 394-402.
86. Stevens, J. C., Foulke, E., & Patterson, M. Q. (1996). Tactile acuity, ageing and Braille reading in long-term blindness. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 91-106.
87. Straube, T., Glauer, M., Dilger, S., Mentzel, H.-J., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2006). Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain activation in specific phobia. NeuroImage, 29, 125-135.
88. Stuss, D. T., Robertson, I. H., Craik, F. I. M., Levine, B., Alexander, M. P., Black, S., Dawson, D., Binns, M. A., Palmer, H., Downey-Lamb, M., & Winocur, G. (2007). Cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly: a randomized trial to evaluate a new protocol. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 120-131.
89. Szlyk, J. E., Seiple, W., & Viana, M. (1995). Relative effects of age and compromised vision on driving performance. Human Factors, 37, 430-436.
90. Szot, P., White, S. S., Greenup, J. L., Leverenz, J. B., Peskind, E. R., & Raskind, M. A. (2006). Compensatory changes in the noradrenergic nervous system in the locus ceruleus and hippocampus of postmortem subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with lewy bodies. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 467-478.
91. Teasell, R., Bitensky, J., Salter, K., & Bayona, N. A. (2005). The role of timing and intensity of rehabilitation therapies. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 12, 46-57.
92. Towne, R. L. (1994). Effect of mandibular stabilization on the diadochokinetic performance of children with phonological disorder. Journal of Phonetics, 22, 317-332.
93. Tuokko, H., Garrett, D. D., McDowell, I., Silverberg, N., & Kristjansson, B. (2003). Cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: reserve or ascertainment bias? Aging and Mental Health, 7, 259-270.
94. Turner, G. R., & Levine, B. (2004). Disorders of executive functioning and self-awareness. In J. Ponsford (Eds.), Cognitive and Behavioral Rehabilitation: From Neurobiology to Clinical Practice. Science and Practice of Neuropsychology (pp. 224-268). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
95. Walczyk, J. J., Marsiglia, C. S., Johns, A. K., & Bryan, K. S. (2004). Children’s compensations for poorly automated reading skills. Discourse Processes, 37, 47-66.
96. Wasserman, G. A., Allen, R., & Solomon, C. R. (1985). Atrisk toddlers and their mothers: the special case of physical handicaps. Child Development, 56, 73-83.
97. Wilson, B. A. (1995). Memory rehabilitation: compensating for memory problems. In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines: Managing Losses and Promoting Gains (pp. 171-190). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
98. Wilson, B. A. (1997). Cognitive rehabilitation: how it is and how it might be. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 487-496.
99. Wilson, B. A. (1999). Memory rehabilitation in brain-injured people. In D. T. Stuss, G. Winocur, & I. H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive Neurorehabilitation (pp. 333-346). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
100. Wilson, B. A., & Watson, P. C. (1996). A practical framework for understanding compensatory behaviour in people with organic memory impairment. Memory, 4, 456-486.
101. Yabe, T. & Kaga, K. (2005). Sound lateralization test in adolescent blind individuals. Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, 16, 939-942.