Laboratory markers predicting severity of acute pancreatitis

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

Volumn 52, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 273-283

  Staubli, Sebastian Manuel ^a   Oertli, Daniel ^a   Nebiker, Christian Andreas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Atlanta classification; Biomarker; Laboratory parameter; Organ failure; Prognostic factors; Risk prediction; Severity of pancreatitis; Superinfection

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN; ANGIOPOIETIN 2; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE B; COPEPTIN; ESTRADIOL; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION INHIBITION FACTOR; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BINDING PROTEIN; MELATONIN; PA2 ENZYME; PENTRAXIN 3; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; POLYMPORPHONUCLEAR ELASTASE; PROCALCITONIN; SELECTIN; SERUM AMYLOID A; THIOREDOXIN 1; TRYPSIN INHIBITOR; TRYPSINOGEN ACTIVATION PEPTIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UVOMORULIN; CYTOKINE;

ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC PANCREATITIS; ACUTE PANCREATITIS; BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; GOLD STANDARD; HUMAN; MACROPHAGE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MONOCYTE; PANCREAS NECROSIS; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ACUTE DISEASE; BLOOD; META ANALYSIS; PANCREATITIS; PREVALENCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

ACUTE DISEASE; BIOMARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; PANCREATITIS; PREVALENCE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SERUM AMYLOID A PROTEIN; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 84954159577     PISSN: 10408363     EISSN: 1549781X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1051659     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Fagenholz PJ, Castillo CF, Harris NS, et al. Increasing United States hospital admissions for acute pancreatitis, 1988-2003. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17:491-7.
2. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 2013;62:102-11.
3. Gloor B, Muller CA, Worni M, et al. Late mortality in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2001;88:975-9.
4. Banks PA, Freeman ML, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2379-400.
5. Fisher JM, Gardner TB. The ''golden hours'' of management in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1146-50.
6. Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, Vege SS, American College of G. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:1400-15; 16.
7. Dervenis C, Johnson CD, Bassi C, et al. Diagnosis, objective assessment of severity, and management of acute pancreatitis. Santorini consensus conference. Int J Pancreatol 1999;25: 195-210.
8. Wilson C, Heath DI, Imrie CW. Prediction of outcome in acute pancreatitis: a comparative study of APACHE II, clinical assessment and multiple factor scoring systems. Br J Surg 1990;77: 1260-4.
9. Robert JH, Frossard JL, Mermillod B, et al. Early prediction of acute pancreatitis: prospective study comparing computed tomography scans, Ranson, Glascow, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and various serum markers. World J Surg 2002;26:612-19.
10. Schutte K, Malfertheiner P. Markers for predicting severity and progression of acute pancreatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2008;22:75-90.
11. Gravante G, Garcea G, Ong SL, et al. Prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review of the published evidence. Pancreatology 2009;9:601-14.
12. Gerzof SG, Banks PA, Robbins AH, et al. Early diagnosis of pancreatic infection by computed tomography-guided aspiration. Gastroenterology 1987;93:1315-20.
13. Trapnell JE. The natural history and prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Ann Roy College Surg Engl 1966;38:265-87.
14. Block S, Maier W, Bittner R, et al. Identification of pancreas necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis: imaging procedures versus clinical staging. Gut 1986;27:1035-42.
15. Rau BM, Kemppainen EA, Gumbs AA, et al. Early assessment of pancreatic infections and overall prognosis in severe acute pancreatitis by procalcitonin (PCT): a prospective international multicenter study. Ann Surg 2007;245:745-54.
16. Al-Bahrani AZ, Ammori BJ. Clinical laboratory assessment of acute pancreatitis. Clin Chim Acta 2005;362:26-48.
17. Wilson C, Heads A, Shenkin A, Imrie CW. C-reactive protein, antiproteases and complement factors as objective markers of severity in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 1989;762):177-81.
18. Working Group IAPAPAAPG. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2013;13:e1-15.
19. Mayer JM, Raraty M, Slavin J, et al. Serum amyloid A is a better early predictor of severity than C-reactive protein in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2002;89:163-71.
20. Rau B, Steinbach G, Baumgart K, et al. Serum amyloid A versus C-reactive protein in acute pancreatitis: clinical value of an alternative acute-phase reactant. Crit Care Med 2000;28:736-42.
21. Gurda-Duda A, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Nowak W, et al. Assessment of the prognostic value of certain acute-phase proteins and procalcitonin in the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2008;37:449-53.
22. Opal SM, Scannon PJ, Vincent JL, et al. Relationship between plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Infect Dis 1999;180:1584-9.
23. Rau B, Steinbach G, Kruger CM, et al. Clinical value of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) determinations in acute pancreatitis. Langenbeck Arch Surg/Dtsch Ges Chir 2003; 388:181-8.
24. Erwin PJ, Lewis H, Dolan S, et al. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein in acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 2000;28:104-9.
25. Hill AL, Lowes DA, Webster NR, et al. Regulation of pentraxin-3 by antioxidants. Br J Anaesth 2009;103:833-9.
26. Kusnierz-Cabala B, Gurda-Duda A, Dumnicka P, et al. Plasma pentraxin 3 concentrations in patients with acute pancreatitis. Clin Lab 2013;59:1003-8.
27. Mofidi R, Suttie SA, Patil PV, et al. The value of procalcitonin at predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and development of infected pancreatic necrosis: systematic review. Surgery 2009;146: 72-81.
28. Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39: 206-17.
29. Dandona P, Nix D, Wilson MF, et al. Procalcitonin increase after endotoxin injection in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1994;79:1605-8.
30. van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, et al. A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1491-502.
31. Modrau IS, Floyd AK, Thorlacius-Ussing O. The clinical value of procalcitonin in early assessment of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1593-7.
32. Bezmarevic M, Mirkovic D, Soldatovic I, et al. Correlation between procalcitonin and intra-Abdominal pressure and their role in prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2012;12:337-43.
33. Mayer J, Rau B, Gansauge F, Beger HG. Inflammatory mediators in human acute pancreatitis: clinical and pathophysiological implications. Gut 2000;47:546-52.
34. Rau BM. Predicting severity of acute pancreatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2007;9:107-15.
35. Zhang J, Niu J, Yang J. Interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 in estimating the severity of acute pancreatitis: an updated meta-Analysis. Hepatogastroenterology 2014;61: 215-20.
36. Aoun E, Chen J, Reighard D, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in predicting severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-Analysis. Pancreatology 2009;9:777-85.
37. Pezzilli R, Billi P, Miniero R, et al. Serum interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and beta 2-microglobulin in early assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis. Comparison with serum C-reactive protein. Digest Dis Sci 1995;40:2341-8.
38. Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Bone RC. Role of tumor necrosis factoralpha in disease states and inflammation. Crit Care Med 1993;21: S447-63.
39. Malmstrom ML, Hansen MB, Andersen AM, et al. Cytokines and organ failure in acute pancreatitis: inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2012;41:271-7.
40. Shen Y, Cui N, Miao B, Zhao E. Immune dysregulation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflammation 2011;34: 36-42.
41. Pooran N, Indaram A, Singh P, Bank S. Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF): early and reliable predictors of severe acute pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003;37:263-6.
42. Panek J, Rembiasz K, Karcz D, et al. Acute biliary pancreatitis in the era of minimally invasive surgery. Adv Med Sci 2006;51: 98-102.
43. Surbatovic M, Radakovic S. Tumor necrosis factor-Alpha levels early in severe acute pancreatitis: is there predictive value regarding severity and outcome? J Clin Gastroenterol 2013;47: 637-43.
44. Paajanen H, Laato M, Jaakkola M, et al. Serum tumour necrosis factor compared with C-reactive protein in the early assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 1995;82:271-3.
45. Digalakis MK, Katsoulis IE, Biliri K, Themeli-Digalaki K. Serum profiles of C-reactive protein, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-Alpha in patients with acute pancreatitis. HPB Surg 2009; 2009:878490.
46. Dambrauskas Z, Giese N, Gulbinas A, et al. Different profiles of cytokine expression during mild and severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:1845-53.
47. Rahman SH, Menon KV, Holmfield JH, et al. Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor is an early marker of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 2007;245:282-9.
48. Borgstrom A, Appelros S, Muller CA, et al. Role of activation peptides from pancreatic proenzymes in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Surgery 2002;131:125-8.
49. Huang QL, Qian ZX, Li H. A comparative study of the urinary trypsinogen-2, trypsinogen activation peptide, and the computed tomography severity index as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Hepato-gastroenterol 2010;57:1295-9.
50. Chen YT, Chen CC, Wang SS, et al. Rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2005;30: 243-7.
51. Gudgeon AM, Heath DI, Hurley P, et al. Trypsinogen activation peptides assay in the early prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. Lancet 1990;335:4-8.
52. Tenner S, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Warshaw A, et al. Urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) predicts severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 1997;21:105-10.
53. Neoptolemos JP, Kemppainen EA, Mayer JM, et al. Early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis by urinary trypsinogen activation peptide: a multicentre study. Lancet 2000;355: 1955-60.
54. Saez J, Martinez J, Trigo C, et al. Clinical value of rapid urine trypsinogen-2 test strip, urinary trypsinogen activation peptide, and serum and urinary activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B in acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:7261-5.
55. Appelros S, Petersson U, Toh S, et al. Activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B and anionic trypsinogen as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2001;88:216-21.
56. Muller CA, Appelros S, Uhl W, et al. Serum levels of procarboxypeptidase B and its activation peptide in patients with acute pancreatitis and non-pancreatic diseases. Gut 2002;51: 229-35.
57. Saez J, Martinez J, Trigo C, et al. A comparative study of the activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B and trypsinogen as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2004;29: e9-14.
58. Heath DI, Cruickshank A, Gudgeon AM, et al. The relationship between pancreatic enzyme release and activation and the acutephase protein response in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 1995;10:347-53.
59. Rae D, Sumar N, Beechey-Newman N, et al. Type 1-prophospholipase A2 propeptide immunoreactivity is released from activated granulocytes. Clin Biochem 1995;28:71-8.
60. Kemppainen E, Hietaranta A, Puolakkainen P, et al. Time course profile of serum trypsinogen-2 and trypsin-2-Alpha1-Antitrypsin in patients with acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35: 1216-20.
61. Hedström J, Sainio V, Kemppainen E, et al. Serum complex of trypsin 2 and alpha 1 antitrypsin as diagnostic and prognostic marker of acute pancreatitis: clinical study in consecutive patients. BMJ 1996;313:333-7.
62. Lempinen M, Stenman UH, Halttunen J, et al. Early sequential changes in serum markers of acute pancreatitis induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Pancreatology 2005;5:157-64.
63. Bisaro de Lorenc L, Ramos AM, Sanchez MC, et al. Structural evaluation of plasma alpha2-macroglobulin in acute pancreatitis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005;43:1183-9.
64. Banks RE, Evans SW, Alexander D, et al. Alpha 2 macroglobulin state in acute pancreatitis. Raised values of alpha 2 macroglobulin-protease complexes in severe and mild attacks. Gut 1991;32: 430-4.
65. Kaufmann P, Tilz GP, Smolle KH, et al. Increased plasma concentrations of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Immunobiology 1996;195:209-19.
66. Dabrowski A, Osada J, Dabrowska MI, et al. Increased expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on peripheral blood neutrophils in acute pancreatitis. Adv Med Sci 2014;59: 102-7.
67. Zhu HH, Jiang LL. Serum inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 is an early marker of diagnosis and prediction of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:2554-60.
68. Mandi Y, Farkas G, Takacs T, et al. Diagnostic relevance of procalcitonin, IL-6, and sICAM-1 in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 2000;28:41-9.
69. Kylanpaa-Back ML, Takala A, Kemppainen EA, et al. Procalcitonin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble Eselectin in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 2001;29:63-9.
70. Wereszczynska-Siemiatkowska U, Dabrowski A, Siemiatkowski A, et al. Serum profiles of E-selectin, interleukin-10, and interleukin-6 and oxidative stress parameters in patients with acute pancreatitis and nonpancreatic acute abdominal pain. Pancreas 2003;26:144-52.
71. Powell JJ, Siriwardena AK, Fearon KC, Ross JA. Endothelialderived selectins in the development of organ dysfunction in acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 2001;29:567-72.
72. Hynninen M, Valtonen M, Markkanen H, et al. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and E-selectin concentrations: a comparison in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and severe sepsis. J Crit Care 1999;14:63-8.
73. Pezzilli R, Corsi MM, Barassi A, et al. Serum adhesion molecules in acute pancreatitis: time course and early assessment of disease severity. Pancreas 2008;37:36-41.
74. Abu Hilal M, Ung CT, Westlake S, Johnson CD. Carboxypeptidase-B activation peptide, a marker of pancreatic acinar injury, but not L-selectin, a marker of neutrophil activation, predicts severity of acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:349-54.
75. Pittard AJ, Banks RE, Galley HF, Webster NR. Soluble E-cadherin concentrations in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Br J Anaesth 1996;76:629-31.
76. Sewpaul A, French JJ, Khoo TK, et al. Soluble E-cadherin: an early marker of severity in acute pancreatitis. HPB Surg 2009; 2009:397375.
77. Domiínguez-Muñoz JE, Carballo F, Garcia MJ, et al. Clinical usefulness of polymorphonuclear elastase in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis: results of a multicentre study. Br J Surg 1991;78:1230-4.
78. Dominguez-Munoz JE, Villanueva A, Larino J, et al. Accuracy of plasma levels of polymorphonuclear elastase as early prognostic marker of acute pancreatitis in routine clinical conditions. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:79-83.
79. Berney T, Gasche Y, Robert J, et al. Serum profiles of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10 in patients with severe and mild acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 1999;18:371-7.
80. Novovic S, Andersen AM, Nord M, et al. Activity of neutrophil elastase reflects the progression of acute pancreatitis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2013;73:485-93.
81. Friess H, Shrikhande S, Riesle E, et al. Phospholipase A2 isoforms in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 2001;233:204-12.
82. Nevalainen TJ, Gronroos JM, Kortesuo PT. Pancreatic and synovial type phospholipases A2 in serum samples from patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 1993;34:1133-6.
83. Mayer J, Rau B, Grewe M, et al. Secretory phospholipase A2 in patients with infected pancreatic necroses in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 1998;17:272-7.
84. Bird NC, Goodman AJ, Johnson AG. Serum phospholipase A2 activity in acute pancreatitis: an early guide to severity. Br J Surg 1989;76:731-2.
85. Carroll JK, Herrick B, Gipson T, Lee SP. Acute pancreatitis: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Am Fam Phys 2007;75: 1513-20.
86. Reiter RJ, Paredes SD, Korkmaz A, et al. Melatonin combats molecular terrorism at the mitochondrial level. Interdiscip Toxicol 2008;1:137-49.
87. Gulben K, Ozdemir H, Berberoglu U, et al. Melatonin modulates the severity of taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat. Digest Dis Sci 2010;55:941-6.
88. Jin Y, Lin CJ, Dong LM, et al. Clinical significance of melatonin concentrations in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:4066-71.
89. Whitcomb DC, Muddana V, Langmead CJ, et al. Angiopoietin-2, a regulator of vascular permeability in inflammation, is associated with persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis from the United States and Germany. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:2287-92.
90. Buddingh KT, Koudstaal LG, van Santvoort HC, et al. Early angiopoietin-2 levels after onset predict the advent of severe pancreatitis, multiple organ failure, and infectious complications in patients with acute pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 2014;218: 26-32.
91. Ohashi S, Nishio A, Nakamura H, et al. Clinical significance of serum thioredoxin 1 levels in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2006;32:264-70.
92. Morgenthaler NG, Struck J, Alonso C, Bergmann A. Assay for the measurement of copeptin, a stable peptide derived from the precursor of vasopressin. Clin Chem 2006;52:112-19.
93. Morgenthaler NG, Muller B, Struck J, et al. Copeptin, a stable peptide of the arginine vasopressin precursor, is elevated in hemorrhagic and septic shock. Shock 2007;28:219-26.
94. Lin C, Wang N, Shen ZP, Zhao ZY. Plasma copeptin concentration and outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Peptides 2013;42:43-7.
95. Kolditz M, Halank M, Schulte-Hubbert B, et al. Copeptin predicts clinical deterioration and persistent instability in communityacquired pneumonia. Resp Med 2012;106:1320-8.
96. Isman FK, Zulfikaroglu B, Isbilen B, et al. Copeptin is a predictive biomarker of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Emerg Med 2013;31:690-2.
97. Sang G, Du JM, Chen YY, et al. Plasma copeptin levels are associated with prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis. Peptides 2014;51:4-8.
98. Lu CW, Liu LC, Hsieh YC, et al. Increased admission serum estradiol level is correlated with high mortality in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol 2013;48:374-81.
99. Spratt DI, Cox P, Orav J, et al. Reproductive axis suppression in acute illness is related to disease severity. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1993;76:1548-54.