IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis

Pancreatology

Volumn 13, Issue 4 SUPPL. 2, 2013, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

Acute pancreatitis; Diagnosis; Gastroenterology; Guidelines; Intervention; Nutrition; Pancreas; Prediction; Prevention; Radiology; Surgery; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC PANCREATITIS; ACUTE PANCREATITIS; ARTICLE; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; ENTERIC FEEDING; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FLUID THERAPY; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; IMAGING; INTENSIVE CARE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SPHINCTEROTOMY; ACUTE DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; GASTROENTEROLOGY; INTERVENTION; NUTRITION; PANCREAS; PANCREATITIS; PREDICTION; PREVENTION; RADIOLOGY; SURGERY; TREATMENT; PANCREATITIS, ACUTE NECROTIZING;

ACUTE PANCREATITIS; DIAGNOSIS; GASTROENTEROLOGY; GUIDELINES; INTERVENTION; NUTRITION; PANCREAS; PREDICTION; PREVENTION; RADIOLOGY; SURGERY; TREATMENT;

ACUTE DISEASE; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; FLUID THERAPY; HUMANS; PANCREAS; PANCREATITIS; PANCREATITIS, ACUTE NECROTIZING;

EID: 84889592975     PISSN: 14243903     EISSN: 14243911     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.07.063     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Yadav D, Lowenfels AB. The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1252-61.
2. Peery AF, Dellon ES, Lund J, Crockett SD, McGowan CE, Bulsiewicz WJ, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update. Gastroenterology 2012.
3. Loveday BP, Srinivasa S, Vather R, Mittal A, Petrov MS, Phillips AR, et al. High quantity and variable quality of guidelines for acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1466-76.
4. Uhl W, Warshaw A, Imrie C, Bassi C, McKay CJ, Lankisch PG, et al. IAP guidelines for the surgical management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2002;2:565-73.
5. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. MJ 2008;336:924-6
6. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitise2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 2013;62:102-11
7. Freeman ML, Werner J, Van Santvoort HC, Baron TH, Besselink MG, Windsor JA, et al. Interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis: summary of a multidisciplinary consensus conference. Pancreas 2012;41:1176-94.
8. Shekelle P, Eccles MP, Grimshaw JM, Woolf SH. When should clinical guidelines be updated? BMJ 2001;323:155-7.
9. Chang K, Lu W, Zhang K, Jia S, Li F, Wang F, et al. Rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 test in the early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2012;45:1051-6.
10. Nordback I, Pelli H, Lappalainen-Lehto R, Jarvinen S, Raty S, Sand J. The recurrence of acute alcohol-associated pancreatitis can be reduced: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2009;136:848-55.
11. Moolla Z, Anderson F, Thomson SR. Use of amylase and alanine transaminase to predict acute gallstone pancreatitis in a population with high HIV prevalence.World J Surg 2013;37:156-61.
12. Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Tso WK, Wong Y, Poon RT, et al. Clinico-biochemical prediction of biliary cause of acute pancreatitis in the era of endoscopic ultrasonography. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:423-31.
13. Tenner S, Dubner H, Steinberg W. Predicting gallstone pancreatitis with laboratory parameters: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1863-6.
14. Wilcox CM, Varadarajulu S, Eloubeidi M. Role of endoscopic evaluation in idiopathic pancreatitis: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63: 1037-45.
15. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992;20: 864-74.
16. Johnson CD, Abu-Hilal M. Persistent organ failure during the first week as a marker of fatal outcome in acute pancreatitis. Gut 2004;53:1340-4.
17. Mofidi R, Duff MD, Wigmore SJ, Madhavan KK, Garden OJ, Parks RW. Association between early systemic inflammatory response, severity of multiorgan dysfunction and death in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2006;93:738-44.
18. Buter A, Imrie CW, Carter CR, Evans S, McKay CJ. Dynamic nature of early organ dysfunction determines outcome in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2002;89:298-302.
19. Singh VK, Wu BU, Bollen TL, Repas K, Maurer R, Mortele KJ, et al. Early systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:1247-51.
20. Papachristou GI, Muddana V, Yadav D, O'Connell M, Sanders MK, Slivka A, et al. Comparison of BISAP, Ranson's, APACHE-II, and CTSI scores in predicting organ failure, complications, and mortality in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:435-41.
21. Wang SQ, Li SJ, Feng QX, Feng XY, Xu L, Zhao QC. Overweight is an additional prognostic factor in acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2011;11:92-8.
22. Wu BU, Bakker OJ, Papachristou GI, Besselink MG, Repas K, Van Santvoort HC, et al. Blood urea nitrogen in the early assessment of acute pancreatitis: an international validation study. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:669-76.
23. Mounzer R, Langmead CJ, Wu BU, Evans AC, Bishehsari F, Muddana V, et al. Comparison of existing clinical scoring systems to predict persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2012;142: 1476-82.
24. Bollen TL, Singh VK, Maurer R, Repas K, van Es HW, Banks PA, et al. A comparative evaluation of radiologic and clinical scoring systems in the early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:612-9.
25. Fleszler F, Friedenberg F, Krevsky B, Friedel D, Braitman LE. Abdominal computed tomography prolongs length of stay and is frequently unnecessary in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis. Am J Med Sci 2003;325:251-5.
26. Spanier BW, Nio Y, van der Hulst RW, Tuynman HA, Dijkgraaf MG, Bruno MJ. Practice and yield of early CT scan in acute pancreatitis: a Dutch Observational Multicenter Study. Pancreatology 2010;10:222-8.
27. Mortele KJ, Ip IK, Wu BU, Conwell DL, Banks PA, Khorasani R. Acute pancreatitis: imaging utilization practices in an urban teaching hospital e analysis of trends with assessment of independent predictors in correlation with patient outcomes. Radiology 2011;258:174-81.
28. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, Ranson JH. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990;174:331-6.
29. Morgan DE, Baron TH, Smith JK, Robbin ML, Kenney PJ. Pancreatic fluid collections prior to intervention: evaluation with MR imaging compared with CT and US. Radiology 1997;203:773-8.
30. Wu BU, Hwang JQ, Gardner TH, Repas K, Delee R, Yu S, et al. Lactated Ringer's solution reduces systemic inflammation compared with saline in patients with acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:710-7.
31. Du XJ, Hu WM, Xia Q, Huang ZW, Chen GY, Jin XD, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch resuscitation reduces the risk of intra-abdominal hypertension in severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2011;40:1220-5.
32. Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Aneman A, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis.N Engl J Med 2012;367:124-34.
33. Mao EQ, Tang YQ, Fei J, Qin S, Wu J, Li L, et al. Fluid therapy for severe acute pancreatitis in acute response stage. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009;122:169-73.
34. Mao EQ, Fei J, Peng YB, Huang J, Tang YQ, Zhang SD. Rapid hemodilution is associated with increased sepsis and mortality among patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010;123:1639-44.
35. Mole DJ, Hall A, McKeown D, Garden OJ, Parks RW. Detailed fluid resuscitation profiles in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. HPB (Oxford) 2011;13: 51-8.
36. Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines for intensive care unit admission, discharge, and triage. Crit Care Med 1999;27:633-8.
37. Singla A, Simons J, Li Y, Csikesz NG, Ng SC, Tseng JF, et al. Admission volume determines outcome for patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2009;137:1995-2001.
38. Mole DJ, Olabi B, Robinson V, Garden OJ, Parks RW. Incidence of individual organ dysfunction in fatal acute pancreatitis: analysis of 1024 death records. HPB (Oxford) 2009;11:166-70.
39. Gardner TB, Vege SS, Pearson RK, Chari ST. Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008.
40. Al-Omran M, Albalawi ZH, Tashkandi MF, Al-Ansary LA. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD002837.
41. Petrov MS, Van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, van der Heijden GJ, Windsor JA, Gooszen HG. Enteral nutrition and the risk of mortality and infectious complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Surg 2008;143:1111-7.
42. Petrov MS, Pylypchuk RD, Uchugina AF. A systematic review on the timing of artificial nutrition in acute pancreatitis. Br J Nutr 2009;101:787-93.
43. Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, De WJ, Jaeschke R, Malbrain ML, De KB, et al. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2013.
44. De Waele JJ, Leppaniemi AK. Intra-abdominal hypertension in acute pancreatitis. World J Surg 2009;33:1128-33.
45. Al-Bahrani AZ, Darwish A, Hamza N, Benson J, Eddleston JM, Snider RH, et al. Gut barrier dysfunction in critically ill surgical patients with abdominal compartment syndrome. Pancreas 2010;39:1064-9.
46. Mentula P, Hienonen P, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, Leppaniemi A. Surgical decompression for abdominal compartment syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg 2010;145:764-9.
47. Wittau M, Mayer B, Scheele J, Henne-Bruns D, Dellinger EP, Isenmann R.Systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis in severe acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010.
48. Jiang K, Huang W, Yang XN, Xia Q. Present and future of prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18: 279-84.
49. Villatoro E, Mulla M, Larvin M. Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;5:CD002941.
50. Piascik M, Rydzewska G, Milewski J, Olszewski S, Furmanek M, Walecki J, et al. The results of severe acute pancreatitis treatment with continuous regional arterial infusion of protease inhibitor and antibiotic: a randomized controlled study. Pancreas 2010;39:863-7.
51. Luiten EJ, Hop WC, Lange JF, Bruining HA. Controlled clinical trial of selective decontamination for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1995;222:57-65.
52. Besselink MG, Van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, Boermeester MA, van GH, Timmerman HM, et al. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;371:651-9.
53. Eckerwall GE, Tingstedt BB, Bergenzaun PE, Andersson RG. Immediate oral feeding in patients with mild acute pancreatitis is safe and may accelerate recovery e a randomized clinical study. Clin Nutr 2007;26:758-63.
54. Moraes JM, Felga GE, Chebli LA, Franco MB, Gomes CA, Gaburri PD, et al. A full solid diet as the initial meal in mild acute pancreatitis is safe and result in shorter length of hospitalization: results from a prospective randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:517-22.
55. Teich N, Aghdassi A, Fischer J, Walz B, Caca K, Wallochny T, et al. Optimal timing of oral refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis: results of an open randomized multicenter trial. Pancreas 2010;39:1088-92.
56. Sun JK, Mu XW, Li WQ, Tong ZH, Li J, Zheng SY. Effects of early enteral nutrition on immune function of severe acute pancreatitis patients. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:917-22.
57. Petrov MS, Loveday BP, Pylypchuk RD, McIlroy K, Phillips AR, Windsor JA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of enteral nutrition formulations in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2009;96:1243-52.
58. Eatock FC, Chong P, Menezes N, Murray L, McKay CJ, Carter CR, et al. A randomized study of early nasogastric versus nasojejunal feeding in severe acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:432-9.
59. Kumar A, Singh N, Prakash S, Saraya A, Joshi YK. Early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing nasojejunal and nasogastric routes. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40: 431-4.
60. Mirtallo JM, Forbes A, McClave SA, Jensen GL, Waitzberg DL, Davies AR. International consensus guidelines for nutrition therapy in pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012;36:284-91.
61. Tse F, Yuan Y. Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management strategy in acute gallstone pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;5:CD009779.
62. Van Santvoort HC, Bakker OJ, Besselink MG, Bollen TL, Fischer K, Nieuwenhuijs VB, et al. Prediction of common bile duct stones in the earliest stages of acute biliary pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2011;43:8-13.
63. Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Tso WK, Wong Y, Poon RT, et al. Comparison of early endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis: a prospective randomized study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:1238-44.
64. Kondo S, Isayama H, Akahane M, Toda N, Sasahira N, Nakai Y, et al. Detection of common bile duct stones: comparison between endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiography, and helical-computed- tomographic cholangiography. Eur J Radiol 2005;54:271-5.
65. Venneman NG, Buskens E, Besselink MG, Stads S, Go PM, Bosscha K, et al. Small gallstones are associated with increased risk of acute pancreatitis: potential benefits of prophylactic cholecystectomy? Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2540-50.
66. Rodriguez JR, Razo AO, Targarona J, Thayer SP, Rattner DW,Warshaw AL, et al. Debridement and closed packing for sterile or infected necrotizing pancreatitis: insights into indications and outcomes in 167 patients. Ann Surg 2008;247:294-9.
67. Van Santvoort HC, Bakker OJ, Bollen TL, Besselink MG, Ahmed AU, Schrijver AM, et al. A conservative and minimally invasive approach to necrotizing pancreatitis improves outcome. Gastroenterology 2011;141: 1254-63.
68. Adler DG, Chari ST, Dahl TJ, Farnell MB, Pearson RK. Conservative management of infected necrosis complicating severe acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:98-103.
69. Runzi M, Niebel W, Goebell H, Gerken G, Layer P. Severe acute pancreatitis: nonsurgical treatment of infected necroses. Pancreas 2005;30:195-9.
70. Nordback I, Sand J, Saaristo R, Paajanen H. Early treatment with antibiotics reduces the need for surgery in acute necrotizing pancreatitis e a singlecenter randomized study. J Gastrointest Surg 2001;5:113-8.
71. Rau B, Pralle U, Mayer JM, Beger HG. Role of ultrasonographically guided fineneedle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis. Br J Surg 1998;85:179-84.
72. Beck WC, Bhutani MS, Raju GS, Nealon WH. Surgical management of late sequelae in survivors of an episode of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 2012;214:682-8.
73. Fernandez-del Castillo C, Rattner DW, Makary MA, Mostafavi A, McGrath D. Warshaw AL: debridement and closed packing for the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1998;228:676-84.
74. Besselink MG, Verwer TJ, Schoenmaeckers EJ, Buskens E, Ridwan BU, Visser MR, et al. Timing of surgical intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis. Arch Surg 2007;142:1194-201.
75. Horvath K, Freeny P, Escallon J, Heagerty P, Comstock B, Glickerman DJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement for infected pancreatic collections: a multicenter, prospective, single-arm phase 2 study. Arch Surg 2010;145:817-25.
76. Mier J, Luque-de León E, Castillo A, Robledo F. Blanco R: early versus late necrosectomy in severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1997;173:71-5.
77. Van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, Hofker HS, Boermeester MA, Dejong CH, et al. A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1491-502.
78. Babu RY, Gupta R, Kang M, Bhasin DK, Rana SS, Singh R. Predictors of surgery in patients with severe acute pancreatitis managed by the step-up approach. Ann Surg 2013;257:737-50.
79. Raraty MG, Halloran CM, Dodd S, Ghaneh P, Connor S, Evans J, et al. Minimal access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy: improvement in morbidity and mortality with a less invasive approach. Ann Surg 2010;251:787-93.
80. Gardner TB, Coelho-Prabhu N, Gordon SR, Gelrud A, Maple JT, Papachristou GI, et al. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis: results from a multicenter U.S. series. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;73:718-26.
81. Haghshenasskashani A, Laurence JM, Kwan V, Johnston E, Hollands MJ, Richardson AJ, et al. Endoscopic necrosectomy of pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3724-30.
82. Bakker OJ, Van Santvoort HC, van BS, Geskus RB, Besselink MG, Bollen TL, et al.Endoscopic transgastric vs surgical necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a randomized trial. JAMA 2012;307:1053-61.
83. Van Baal MC, Van Santvoort HC, Bollen TL, Bakker OJ, Besselink MG, Gooszen HG. Systematic review of percutaneous catheter drainage as primary treatment for necrotizing pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2011;98:18-27.
84. Mouli VP, Sreenivas V, Garg PK. Efficacy of conservative treatment, without necrosectomy, for infected pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Gastroenterology 2012.
85. Van Baal MC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, Van Santvoort HC, Schaapherder AF, Nieuwenhuijs VB, et al. Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2012;255:860-6.
86. Bakker OJ, van Santvoort HC, Hagenaars JC, Besselink MG, Bollen TL, Gooszen HG, Schaapherder AF, Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 2011;98(10):1446- 54.
87. McAlister VC, Davenport E, Renouf E. Cholecystectomy deferral in patients with endoscopic sphincterotomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007: CD006233.
88. Nealon WH, Bawduniak J, Walser EM. Appropriate timing of cholecystectomy in patients who present with moderate to severe gallstone-associated acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic fluid collections. Ann Surg 2004;239:741-9.
89. Heider TR, Brown A, Grimm IS, Behrns KE. Endoscopic sphincterotomy permits interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with moderately severe gallstone pancreatitis. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:1-5.
90. Grimshaw J, Eccles M, Thomas R, MacLennan G, Ramsay C, Fraser C, et al. Toward evidence-based quality improvement. Evidence (and its limitations) of the effectiveness of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies 1966-1998. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21(Suppl. 2):S14-20.
91. Aly EA, Milne R, Johnson CD. Non-compliance with national guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis in the United Kingdom. Dig Surg 2002;19: 192-8.
92. Barnard J, Siriwardena AK. Variations in implementation of current national guidelines for the treatment of acute pancreatitis: implications for acute surgical service provision. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2002;84:79-81.
93. Foitzik T, Klar E. (Non-)Compliance with guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis among German Surgeons. Pancreatology 2007;7: 80-5.
94. Rebours V, Levy P, Bretagne JF, Bommelaer G, Hammel P, Ruszniewski P. Do guidelines influence medical practice? Changes in management of acute pancreatitis 7 years after the publication of the French guidelines. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;24:143-8.
95. Grimshaw JM, Thomas RE, MacLennan G, Fraser C, Ramsay CR, Vale L, et al. Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies. Health Technol Assess 2004;8:iii-72.
96. Connor SJ, Lienert AR, Brown LA, Bagshaw PF. Closing the audit loop is necessary to achieve compliance with evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis. N Z Med J 2008;121:19-25.