Muscular adaptations in low- versus high-load resistance training: A meta-analysis

European Journal of Sport Science

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 1-10

  Schoenfeld, Brad J ^a   Wilson, Jacob M ^b   Lowery, Ryan P ^b   Krieger, James W ^c  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TAMPA   (United States)

^c Weightology   (United States)

Author keywords

light weights; low load exercise; Muscle recruitment

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; RESISTANCE TRAINING; SKELETAL MUSCLE; WEIGHT LIFTING; YOUNG ADULT;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; RESISTANCE TRAINING; WEIGHT LIFTING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84953638978     PISSN: 17461391     EISSN: 15367290     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.989922     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. G.Adams,, & M.M.Bamman, (2012). Characterization and regulation of mechanical loading-induced compensatory muscle hypertrophy. Comprehensive Physiology, 2829–2970.
2. H.Akima,, & A.Saito, (2013). Activation of quadriceps femoris including vastus intermedius during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113, 2829–2840. doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2721-9
3. T.Anderson,, & J.T.Kearney, (1982). Effects of three resistance training programs on muscular strength and absolute and relative endurance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53(1), 1–7. doi:10.1080/02701367.1982.10605218
4. C.S.Berkey,, D.C.Hoaglin,, F.Mosteller,, & G.A.Colditz, (1995). A random-effects regression model for meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 14, 395–411. doi:10.1002/sim.4780140406
5. N.A.Burd,, C.J.Mitchell,, T.A.Churchward-Venne,, & S.M.Phillips, (2012). Bigger weights may not beget bigger muscles: Evidence from acute muscle protein synthetic responses after resistance exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 37, 551–554. doi:10.1139/h2012-022
6. N.A.Burd,, D.R.Moore,, C.J.Mitchell,, & S.M.Phillips, (2012). Big claims for big weights but with little evidence. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113, 267–268. doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2527-1
7. N.A.Burd,, D.W.West,, A.W.Staples,, P.J.Atherton,, J.M.Baker,, D.R.Moore,, S.M.Phillips, (2010). Low-load high volume resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis more than high-load low volume resistance exercise in young men. PLoS One, 5, e12033. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012033
8. G.E.R.Campos,, T.J.Luecke,, H.K.Wendeln,, K.Toma,, F.C.Hagerman,, T.F.Murray,, R.S.Staron, (2002). Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: Specificity of repetition maximum training zones. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(1–2), 50–60. Retrieved from http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=12436270
9. V.G.Coffey,, A.Shield,, B.J.Canny,, K.A.Carey,, D.Cameron-Smith,, & J.A.Hawley, (2006). Interaction of contractile activity and training history on mRNA abundance in skeletal muscle from trained athletes. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 290, E849–E855. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00299.2005
10. V.G.Coffey,, Z.Zhong,, A.Shield,, B.J.Canny,, A.V.Chibalin,, J.R.Zierath,, & J.A.Hawley, (2006). Early signaling responses to divergent exercise stimuli in skeletal muscle from well-trained humans. FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 20, 190–192. doi:10.1096/fj.05-4809fje
11. S.B.Cook,, B.G.Murphy,, & K.E.Labarbera, (2013). Neuromuscular function after a bout of low-load blood flow-restricted exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(1), 67–74. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826c6fa8
12. H.Cooper,, L.Hedges,, & J.Valentine, (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed.). New York, NY Russell Sage Foundation.
13. D.J.Glass, (2005). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signaling pathways. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 37, 1974–1984. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.04.018
14. T.Greenhalgh,, & R.Peacock, (2005). Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: Audit of primary sources. British Medical Journal, 331, 1064–1065. doi:10.1136/bmj.38636.593461.68
15. J.J.Hox,, & E.D.de Leeuw, (2003). Multilevel models for meta-analysis. In S.P.Reise & N.Duan (Eds.), Multilevel modeling: Methodological advances, issues, and applications (pp. 90–111). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
16. F.M.Ivey,, S.M.Roth,, R.E.Ferrell,, B.L.Tracy,, J.T.Lemmer,, D.E.Hurlbut,, B.F.Hurley, (2000). Effects of age, gender, and myostatin genotype on the hypertrophic response to heavy resistance strength training. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55, M641–M648.
17. A.R.Konopka,, & M.P.Harber, (2014). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy after aerobic exercise training. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 42(2), 53–61. doi:10.1249/JES.0000000000000007
18. D.J.Kosek,, J.S.Kim,, J.K.Petrella,, J.M.Cross,, & M.M.Bamman, (2006). Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 101, 531–544. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01474.2005
19. W.J.Kraemer,, K.Adams,, E.Cafarelli,, G.A.Dudley,, C.Dooly,, M.S.Feigenbaum,, T.Triplett-McBride, (2002). American college of sports medicine position stand. progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34, 364–380. Retrieved from http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=11828249
20. W.J.Kraemer,, & N.A.Ratamess,. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36, 674–688. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000121945.36635.61
21. B.Leger,, R.Cartoni,, M.Praz,, S.Lamon,, O.Deriaz,, A.Crettenand,, A.P.Russell, (2006). Akt signalling through GSK-3beta, mTOR and Foxo1 is involved in human skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. Journal of Physiology, 576, 923–933. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.116715
22. M.J.N.McDonagh,, & C.T.M.Davies, (1984). Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 52, 139–155. doi:10.1007/BF00433384
23. C.J.Mitchell,, T.A.Churchward-Venne,, D.Cameron-Smith,, & S.M.Phillips, (2014). What is the relationship between the acute muscle protein synthetic response and changes in muscle mass? Journal of Applied Physiology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00609.2014
24. C.J.Mitchell,, T.A.Churchward-Venne,, G.Parise,, L.Bellamy,, S.K.Baker,, K.Smith,, S.M.Phillips, (2014). Acute post-exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis is not correlated with resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy in young men. PLoS One, 9, e89431. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089431
25. C.J.Mitchell,, T.A.Churchward-Venne,, D.D.West,, N.A.Burd,, L.Breen,, S.K.Baker,, & S.M.Phillips, (2012). Resistance exercise load does not determine training-mediated hypertrophic gains in young men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(1), 71–77. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00307.2012
26. S.B.Morris,, & R.P.DeShon, (2002). Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 105–125. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.105
27. R.Ogasawara,, K.Kobayashi,, A.Tsutaki,, K.Lee,, T.Abe,, S.Fujita,, N.Ishii, (2013). mTOR signaling response to resistance exercise is altered by chronic resistance training and detraining in skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114, 834–940. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01161.2012
28. R.Ogasawara,, J.P.Loenneke,, R.S.Thiebaud,, & T.Abe,. (2013). Low-load bench press training to fatigue results in muscle hypertrophy similar to high-load bench press training. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 4, 114–121.
29. D.V.Popov,, D.V.Tsvirkun,, A.I.Netreba,, O.S.Tarasova,, A.B.Prostova,, I.M.Larina,, O.L.Vinogradova, (2006). Hormonal adaptation determines the increase in muscle mass and strength during low-intensity strength training without relaxation. Fiziologiia Cheloveka, 32(5), 121–127.
30. B.J.Schoenfeld, (2013). Is there a minimum intensity threshold for resistance training-induced hypertrophic adaptations? Sports Medicine, 43, 1279–1288. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0088-z
31. B.J.Schoenfeld,, B.Contreras,, J.M.Willardson,, F.Fontana,, & G.Tiryaki-Sonmez, (2014). Muscle activation during low- versus high-load resistance training in well-trained men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114, 2491–2497. doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2976-9
32. M.D.Schuenke,, J.R.Herman,, R.M.Gliders,, F.C.Hagerman,, R.S.Hikida,, S.R.Rana,, R.S.Staron, (2012). Early-phase muscular adaptations in response to slow-speed versus traditional resistance-training regimens. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 3585–3595. doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2339-3
33. M.H.Stone,, & S.P.Coulter, (1994). Strength/endurance effects from three resistance training protocols with women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 8, 231–234.
34. M.Tanimoto,, & N.Ishii, (2006). Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular function in young men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 100, 1150–1157. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00741.2005
35. M.Tanimoto,, K.Sanada,, K.Yamamoto,, H.Kawano,, Y.Gando,, I.Tabata,, M.Miyachi, (2008). Effects of whole-body low-intensity resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular size and strength in young men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research/National Strength & Conditioning Association, 22, 1926–1938. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318185f2b0
36. Technical guide: Data analysis and interpretation. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/guide/g3c.asp
37. S.G.Thompson,, & S.J.Sharp, (1999). Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: A comparison of methods. Statistics in Medicine, 18, 2693–2708. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::AID-SIM235>3.0.CO;2-V
38. J.A.Timmons, (2011). Variability in training-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 110, 846–853. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00934.2010
39. E.Van Roie,, C.Delecluse,, W.Coudyzer,, S.Boonen,, & I.Bautmans, (2013). Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: Effects on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics. Experimental Gerontology, 48, 1351–1361. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.010
40. L.W.Weiss,, H.D.Coney,, & F.C.Clark, (1999). Differential functional adaptations to short-term low-, moderate- and high-repetition weight training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 13, 236–241.
41. L.W.Weiss,, H.D.Coney,, & F.C.Clark, (2000). Gross measures of exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 30(3), 143–148. doi:10.2519/jospt.2000.30.3.143
42. K.Zou,, B.M.Meador,, B.Johnson,, H.D.Huntsman,, Z.Mahmassani,, M.C.Valero,, M.D.Boppart, (2011). The alpha(7)beta(1)-integrin increases muscle hypertrophy following multiple bouts of eccentric exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 1134–1141. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00081.2011