Post-traumatic stress symptoms 5 years after military deployment to Afghanistan: An observational cohort study

The Lancet Psychiatry

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 58-64

  Eekhout, Iris ^a,b,c   Reijnen, Alieke ^a,b,d   Vermetten, Eric ^a,b,d,e   Geuze, Elbert ^a,b  

^a Ministerie van Defensie   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^c VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^e Psychotrauma Research Group   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFGHANISTAN; AGE; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE ASSESSMENT; MILITARY DEPLOYMENT; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SELF RATING INVENTORY FOR POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; SOLDIER; SYMPTOM; NETHERLANDS; PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TIME FACTOR; WAR; YOUNG ADULT;

AFGHAN CAMPAIGN 2001-; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; NETHERLANDS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84953217077     PISSN: 22150366     EISSN: 22150374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00368-5     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Kok BC, Herrell RK, Thomas JL, Hoge CW Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with combat service in Iraq or Afghanistan: reconciling prevalence differences between studies. J Nerv Ment Dis 2012, 200:444-450.
2. Smith TC, Ryan MAK, Wingard DL, Slymen DJ, Sallis JF, Kritz-Silverstein D New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort study. BMJ 2008, 336:366-371.
3. Vasterling JJ, Proctor SP, Friedman MJ, et al. PTSD symptom increases in Iraq-deployed soldiers: comparison with nondeployed soldiers and associations with baseline symptoms, deployment experiences, and postdeployment stress. J Trauma Stress 2010, 23:41-51.
4. Reijnen A, Rademaker AR, Vermetten E, Geuze E Prevalence of mental health symptoms in Dutch military personnel returning from deployment to Afghanistan: A 2-year longitudinal analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2014, 30:341-346.
5. Cabrera OA, Hoge CW, Bliese PD, Castro CA, Messer SC Childhood adversity and combat as predictors of depression and post-traumatic stress in deployed troops. Am J Prev Med 2007, 33:77-82.
6. Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:13-22.
7. Berntsen D, Johannessen KB, Thomsen YD, Bertelsen M, Hoyle RH, Rubin DC Peace and war: trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms before, during, and after military deployment in Afghanistan. Psychol Sci 2012, 23:1557-1565.
8. Rona RJ, Hooper R, Jones M, et al. The contribution of prior psychological symptoms and combat exposure to post Iraq deployment mental health in the UK military. J Trauma Stress 2009, 22:11-19.
9. Orcutt HK, Erickson DJ, Wolfe J The course of PTSD symptoms among Gulf War veterans: a growth mixture modeling approach. J Trauma Stress 2004, 17:195-202.
10. Dickstein BD, Suvak M, Litz BT, Adler AB Heterogeneity in the course of posttraumatic stress disorder: trajectories of symptomatology. J Trauma Stress 2010, 23:331-339.
11. Karstoft KI, Armour C, Elklit A, Solomon Z Long-term trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: The role of social resources. J Clin Psychiatry 2013, 74:1163-1168.
12. Bonanno GA, Mancini AD, Horton JL, et al. Trajectories of trauma symptoms and resilience in deployed US military service members: Prospective cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2012, 200:317-323.
13. Andersen SB, Karstoft K-I, Bertelsen M, Madsen T Latent trajectories of trauma symptoms and resilience: the 3-year longitudinal prospective USPER study of Danish veterans deployed in Afghanistan. J Clin Psychiatry 2014, 75:1001-1008.
14. Karstoft K-I, Armour C, Elklit A, Solomon Z The role of locus of control and coping style in predicting longitudinal PTSD-trajectories after combat exposure. J Anxiety Disord 2015, 32:89-94.
15. Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson JI Systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple-session early interventions following traumatic events. Am J Psychiatry 2009, 166:293-301.
16. Schelling G, Roozendaal B, Krauseneck T, Schmoelz M, DE Quervain D, Briegel J Efficacy of hydrocortisone in preventing posttraumatic stress disorder following critical illness and major surgery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1071:46-53.
17. Shalev AY, Ankri Y, Israeli-Shalev Y, Peleg T, Adessky R, Freedman S Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder by early treatment: results from the Jerusalem Trauma Outreach And Prevention study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012, 69:166-176.
18. Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000, 68:748-766.
19. Riddle JR, Smith TC, Smith B, et al. Millennium Cohort: The 2001-2003 baseline prevalence of mental disorders in the U.S. military. J Clin Epidemiol 2007, 60:192-201.
20. Iversen AC, Fear NT, Ehlers A, et al. Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder among UK Armed Forces personnel. Psychol Med 2008, 38:511-522.
21. Yehuda R, Kahana B, Schmeidler J, Southwick SM, Wilson S, Giller EL Impact of cumulative lifetime trauma and recent stress on current posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in holocaust survivors. Am J Psychiatry 1995, 152:1815-1818.
22. Fear NT, Jones M, Murphy D, et al. What are the consequences of deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the mental health of the UK armed forces? A cohort study. Lancet 2010, 375:1783-1797.
23. Van Zelst WH, de Beurs E, Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, Bramsen I, van Dyck R Criterion validity of the self-rating inventory for posttraumatic stress disord er (SRIP) in the community of older adults. J Affect Disord 2003, 76:229-235.
24. Hovens JE, van der Ploeg HM, Bramsen I, Klaarenbeek MT, Schreuder JN, Rivero VV The development of the Self-Rating Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994, 90:172-183.
25. Bremner JD, Bolus R, Mayer EA Psychometric properties of the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report. J Nerv Ment Dis 2007, 195:211-218.
26. Muthén LK, Muthén BO Mplus User's Guide 2012, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles. 7th edn.
27. Vermunt JK Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches. Polit Anal 2010, 18:450-469.
28. Horesh D, Solomon Z, Keinan G, Tsachi E-D Delayed-onset PTSD in Israeli combat veterans: correlates, clinical picture, and controversy. Future directions in post-traumatic stress disorder 2015, 97-129. Springer US, Boston. M.P. Safir, H.S. Wallach, A. Rizzo (Eds.).
29. Andreasen NC Acute and delayed posttraumatic stress disorders: a history and some issues. Am J Psychiatry 2004, 161:1321-1323.
30. Smid GE, Mooren TTM, van der Mast RC, Gersons BPR, Kleber RJ Delayed posttraumatic stress disorder: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. J Clin Psychiatry 2009, 70:1572-1582.
31. Vermetten E, Baker D, Yehuda R New findings from prospective studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015, 41:441-443.
32. van Zuiden M, Kavelaars A, Geuze E, Olff M, Heijnen CJ Predicting PTSD: pre-existing vulnerabilities in glucocorticoid-signaling and implications for preventive interventions. Brain Behav Immun 2013, 30:12-21.
33. van Zuiden M, Geuze E, Willemen HL, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor pathway components predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptom development: a prospective study. Biol Psychiatry 2012, 71:309-316.
34. Geuze E, van Wingen GA, van Zuiden M, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor number predicts increase in amygdala activity after severe stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012, 37:1837-1844.
35. Hoencamp R, Huizinga EP, van Dongen TTCF, et al. Impact of explosive devices in modern armed conflicts: in-depth analysis of Dutch battle casualties in southern Afghanistan. World J Surg 2014, 38:2551-2557.
36. Nemeroff CB, Bremner JD, Foa EB, Mayberg HS, North CS, Stein MB Posttraumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-science review. J Psychiatr Res 2006, 40:1-21.
37. Maercker A, Gäbler I, O'Neil J, Schützwohl M, Müller M Long-term trajectories of PTSD or resilience in former East German political prisoners. Torture 2013, 23:15-27.
38. Pietrzak RH, Feder A, Singh R, et al. Trajectories of PTSD risk and resilience in World Trade Center responders: an 8-year prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2014, 44:205-219.