메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 283-304

The Early Record of Life

Author keywords

Earth Crust; Earth Mantle; Geodynamics; Geology, Stratigraphic Archaean; Geology, Structural; Plate tectonics

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS PRESERVATION; BIOSPHERICS; CARBON DIOXIDE; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; GEODYNAMICS; GLOBAL WARMING; STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONICS;

EID: 84952906969     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1029/164GM18     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (20)

References (155)
  • 1
    • 0024228913 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow
    • Alldredge, A.L., and M.W Silver (1988), Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow, Prog. Oceanogr, 20, 41-82.
    • (1988) Prog. Oceanogr , vol.20 , pp. 41-82
    • Alldredge, A.L.1    Silver, M.W.2
  • 2
    • 84894508725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3.43 Ga Stromatolites, Rocky Shorelines and a Carbonate Platform: Strelley Pool Chert, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia
    • Allwood, A.C., M.R. Walter, M.J. van Kranendonk, and B.S. Kamber (2005a), 3.43 Ga Stromatolites, Rocky Shorelines and a Carbonate Platform: Strelley Pool Chert, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, Astrobiology, 5, 184.
    • (2005) Astrobiology , vol.5 , pp. 184
    • Allwood, A.C.1    Walter, M.R.2    van Kranendonk, M.J.3    Kamber, B.S.4
  • 3
    • 84894508725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stromatolite facies of the 3.43 Ga Strelley Pool Chert: Pilbara Craton, Western Australia
    • Allwood, A.C., M.R Walter, and M.J van Kranendonk (2005b), Stromatolite facies of the 3.43 Ga Strelley Pool Chert: Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, Astrobiology, 5, 184.
    • (2005) Astrobiology , vol.5 , pp. 184
    • Allwood, A.C.1    Walter, R.M.2    van Kranendonk, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 77956795966 scopus 로고
    • Archean komatiites
    • edited by K.C. Condie, Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Arndt, N.T. (1994), Archean komatiites, in Archean crustal evolution, edited by K.C. Condie, pp. 11-44, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1994) Archean crustal evolution , pp. 11-44
    • Arndt, N.T.1
  • 5
    • 0033386511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic stromatolites: the first marine evolutionary biota
    • Awramik, S.M., and J. Sprinkle (1999), Proterozoic stromatolites: the first marine evolutionary biota, Historical Biology, 13, 241-253.
    • (1999) Historical Biology , vol.13 , pp. 241-253
    • Awramik, S.M.1    Sprinkle, J.2
  • 6
    • 0030428617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled biomineralization of magnetic minerals by magnetotactic bacteria
    • Bazylinski, D.A. (1996), Controlled biomineralization of magnetic minerals by magnetotactic bacteria Chem. Ecol, 132, 191-198.
    • (1996) Chem. Ecol , vol.132 , pp. 191-198
    • Bazylinski, D.A.1
  • 8
    • 0035063890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of trace metals and rare elements from hornblende by a soil bacterium
    • Brantley, S.L., L. Lierman, M. Bau, and S. Wu (2001), Uptake of trace metals and rare elements from hornblende by a soil bacterium, Geomicrobiol J., 18, 37-61.
    • (2001) Geomicrobiol J. , vol.18 , pp. 37-61
    • Brantley, S.L.1    Lierman, L.2    Bau, M.3    Wu, S.4
  • 10
    • 0033551919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes
    • Brocks JJ., G.A. Logan, R. Buick, and R.E. Summons (1999), Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes, Science, 285, 1033-1036.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1033-1036
    • Brocks, J.J.1    Logan, G.A.2    Buick, R.3    Summons, R.E.4
  • 11
    • 0025627115 scopus 로고
    • Microfossil recognition in Archean rocks: an appraisal of spheroids and filaments from a 3500 m.y. old chertbarite unit at North Pole, Western Australia
    • Buick, R. (1990), Microfossil recognition in Archean rocks: an appraisal of spheroids and filaments from a 3500 m.y. old chertbarite unit at North Pole, Western Australia, Palaios, 5, 441-459.
    • (1990) Palaios , vol.5 , pp. 441-459
    • Buick, R.1
  • 12
    • 85044014993 scopus 로고
    • Abiological origin of described stromatolites older than 3.2 Ga; discussion and reply
    • Buick, R., D.I. Groves, J.S.R. Dunlop, and D.R. Lowe (1995), Abiological origin of described stromatolites older than 3.2 Ga; discussion and reply, Geology, 23, 191-192.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 191-192
    • Buick, R.1    Groves, D.I.2    Dunlop, J.S.R.3    Lowe, D.R.4
  • 13
    • 79551539111 scopus 로고
    • Lilliput's Castles: stromatolites of Hamelin Pool
    • Burne, R.V, (1991/1992). Lilliput's Castles: stromatolites of Hamelin Pool, Landscope, 1, 34-41.
    • (1991) Landscope , vol.1 , pp. 34-41
    • Burne, R.V.1
  • 14
    • 0022557649 scopus 로고
    • Stromatolites from the 3300-3500 Myr Swaziland Supergroup, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
    • Byerly, G.R., M.M. Walsh, and DL. Lowe (1986), Stromatolites from the 3300-3500 Myr Swaziland Supergroup, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, Nature, 319, 489-491.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 489-491
    • Byerly, G.R.1    Walsh, M.M.2    Lowe, D.L.3
  • 15
    • 0030321833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossilization processes in siliceous thermal springs: trends in preservation along the thermal gradient, in
    • edited by G.R. Bock and J.A. Goodie, Ciba Symposium 202, John Wiley, Chichester
    • Cady, S.L., and J.D. Farmer (1996), Fossilization processes in siliceous thermal springs: trends in preservation along the thermal gradient, in, Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars), edited by G.R. Bock and J.A. Goodie, Ciba Symposium 202, pp 150-173, John Wiley, Chichester.
    • (1996) Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars) , pp. 150-173
    • Cady, S.L.1    Farmer, J.D.2
  • 17
    • 0031418510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ClBr I" composition of-3.23 Ga modified seawater: implications for the geological evolution of ocean halide chemistry
    • Charmer, D.M.DeR., C.E.J, de Ronde, and E.T.C. Spooner (1997), The ClBr I" composition of-3.23 Ga modified seawater: implications for the geological evolution of ocean halide chemistry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 325-335.
    • (1997) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.150 , pp. 325-335
    • Charmer, D.M.1    De, R.2    de Ronde, J.C.E.3    Spooner, E.T.C.4
  • 19
    • 11044230587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation and Growth Morphology of Calcium Carbonate Induced by Myxococcus Xanthus: Implications for Recognition of Bacterial Carbonates
    • Chekroun, K.B., C. Rodríguez-Navarro, M.T. González-Muñoz, J.M. Arias, G. Cultrone, and M. Rodriguez-Gallego (2004), Precipitation and Growth Morphology of Calcium Carbonate Induced by Myxococcus Xanthus: Implications for Recognition of Bacterial Carbonates, J. Sed. Res., 74, 868-876.
    • (2004) J. Sed. Res. , vol.74 , pp. 868-876
    • Chekroun, K.B.1    Rodríguez-Navarro, C.2    González-Muñoz, M.T.3    Arias, J.M.4    Cultrone, G.5    Rodriguez-Gallego, M.6
  • 20
    • 0000048906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ultraviolet history of the terrestrial planets - implications for biological evolution
    • Cockell, CS. (2000), The ultraviolet history of the terrestrial planets - implications for biological evolution, Planet, and Space Sci., 4, 203-214.
    • (2000) Planet, and Space Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 203-214
    • Cockell, C.S.1
  • 21
    • 0028245803 scopus 로고
    • In vitro damage and rec A-dependent repair of plasmid and chromosomal DNA in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans
    • Daly, M.J., L. Ouyang, and K.W Minton (1994), In vitro damage and rec A-dependent repair of plasmid and chromosomal DNA in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, J. Bacteriol., 176, 3508-3517.
    • (1994) J. Bacteriol. , vol.176 , pp. 3508-3517
    • Daly, M.J.1    Ouyang, L.2    Minton, W.K.3
  • 22
    • 10844243957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clues from Fe isotope variations of the origin of Early Archean BIFs from Greenland
    • Dauphas, N., M. van Zuilen, M. Wadwha, A.M. Davies, B. Marty, and RE. Janney, (2004), Clues from Fe isotope variations of the origin of Early Archean BIFs from Greenland, Science, 306, 20077-2080.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 20077-22080
    • Dauphas, N.1    van Zuilen, M.2    Wadwha, M.3    Davies, A.M.4    Marty, B.5    Janney, R.E.6
  • 23
    • 84879881806 scopus 로고
    • Early Archean (>3.2 Ga) Fe-oxide-rich, hydrothermal discharge vents in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa
    • de Ronde, C.E.J., M.T. de Wit, and E.T.C. Spooner (1994), Early Archean (>3.2 Ga) Fe-oxide-rich, hydrothermal discharge vents in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 196, 86-104.
    • (1994) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.196 , pp. 86-104
    • de Ronde, C.E.J.1    de Wit, M.T.2    Spooner, E.T.C.3
  • 24
    • 0031425346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid chemistry of Archean seafloor hydrothermal vents; implications for the composition of circa 3.2 Ga seawater
    • de Ronde, C.E.J., D.M.DeR. Channer, K. Faure, C.J., Bray, and E.T.C. Spooner (1997), Fluid chemistry of Archean seafloor hydrothermal vents; implications for the composition of circa 3.2 Ga seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 4025-4042.
    • (1997) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.61 , pp. 4025-4042
    • de Ronde, C.E.J.1    Channer, D.M.2    De, R.3    Faure, K.4    Bray, J.C.5    Spooner, E.T.C.6
  • 25
    • 0030426425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3.2 billion years of organic compound formation near sea-floor hot springs
    • de Ronde, C.E.J, and T.W Ebbesen (1996), 3.2 billion years of organic compound formation near sea-floor hot springs, Geology, 24, 791-794.
    • (1996) Geology , vol.24 , pp. 791-794
    • de Ronde, C.E.J.1    Ebbesen, W.T.2
  • 26
    • 33846549743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ironstone pods in the Archean Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa: Earth's oldest seafloor hydrothermal vents reinterpreted as Quaternary subaerial springs: Comment and Reply
    • de Ronde, C.E.J., M.J. de Wit, E.T.C. Spooner, DM. deR. Channer, B.W Christenson, C.J. Bray, K. Faure (2004), Ironstone pods in the Archean Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa: Earth's oldest seafloor hydrothermal vents reinterpreted as Quaternary subaerial springs: Comment and Reply. Geology: Online forum, e68-69.
    • (2004) Geology: Online forum , pp. e68-69
    • de Ronde, C.E.J.1    de Wit, M.J.2    Spooner, E.T.C.3    Channer, D.M.4    de, R.5    Christenson, W.B.6    Bray, C.J.7    Faure, K.8
  • 27
    • 0034623416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When did photosynthesis emerge on Earth?
    • Des Marais, D.J. (2000), When did photosynthesis emerge on Earth?, Science, 289, 1703-1705.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1703-1705
    • Des Marais, J.D.1
  • 29
    • 0027800638 scopus 로고
    • Earth's earliest continental lithosphere, hydrothermal flux and crustal recycling
    • de Wit, M.J., and R.A. Hart (1993), Earth's earliest continental lithosphere, hydrothermal flux and crustal recycling, Lithos, 30, 309-336.
    • (1993) Lithos , vol.30 , pp. 309-336
    • de Wit, M.J.1    Hart, R.A.2
  • 30
    • 0023523180 scopus 로고
    • Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an Early Archaean komatiite sequence, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
    • Duchač, K.C. and J.S. Hanor (1987), Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an Early Archaean komatiite sequence, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 37, 125-146.
    • (1987) Precambrian Res. , vol.37 , pp. 125-146
    • Duchač, K.C.1    Hanor, J.S.2
  • 31
    • 0037165981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metasomatic origin of quartz-pyroxene rock, Akilia, Greenland, and implications for Earth's earliest life
    • Fedo, CM., and M.J. Whitehouse (2002), Metasomatic origin of quartz-pyroxene rock, Akilia, Greenland, and implications for Earth's earliest life, Science, 296, 1448-1452.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1448-1452
    • Fedo, C.M.1    Whitehouse, M.J.2
  • 32
    • 0022557634 scopus 로고
    • Iron-silica crystallite nucleation by bacteria in a geothermal sediment
    • Ferris, EG, T.J. Beveridge, and WS. Fyfe (1986), Iron-silica crystallite nucleation by bacteria in a geothermal sediment, Nature, 320, 609-611.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.320 , pp. 609-611
    • Ferris, E.G.1    Beveridge, T.J.2    Fyfe, W.S.3
  • 35
    • 3843052682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microcolonial fungi: Survival potential of terrestrial vegetative structures
    • Gorbushina, A. (2003), Microcolonial fungi: Survival potential of terrestrial vegetative structures, Astrobiol, 3, 543-554.
    • (2003) Astrobiol , vol.3 , pp. 543-554
    • Gorbushina, A.1
  • 36
    • 0027341483 scopus 로고
    • New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition
    • Grotzinger, J.P., and J.F. Kasting (1993), New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition. J. Geol., 101, 235-243.
    • (1993) J. Geol. , vol.101 , pp. 235-243
    • Grotzinger, J.P.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 37
    • 0029662995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An abiotic model for stromatolite morphogenesis
    • Grotzinger, J. P., and D.H. Rothman, (1996), An abiotic model for stromatolite morphogenesis, Nature, 383, 423-25.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 423-425
    • Grotzinger, J.P.1    Rothman, D.H.2
  • 38
    • 33745310174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ experiments on the growth and textural development of subaerial microstromatolites, Champagne Pool
    • Waiotapu, New Zealand, MSc thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
    • Handley, K.M. (2004), In situ experiments on the growth and textural development of subaerial microstromatolites, Champagne Pool, Waiotapu, New Zealand, MSc thesis, 111 pp, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
    • (2004) , pp. 111
    • Handley, K.M.1
  • 39
    • 0002657362 scopus 로고
    • Precambrian organic chemistry, preservation of the record
    • edited by J.W Schopf, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey
    • Hayes, J.M., I.R. Kaplan, and K.W Wedeking (1983), Precambrian organic chemistry, preservation of the record, in Earth s Earliest Biosphere, edited by J.W Schopf, pp. 93-134, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
    • (1983) Earth s Earliest Biosphere , pp. 93-134
    • Hayes, J.M.1    Kaplan, I.R.2    Wedeking, W.K.3
  • 40
    • 84871184567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary petrography and provenance of the Archean Moodies Group, Barberton greenstone belt
    • edited by D.R. Lowe and G.R. Byerly, Geol. Soc. Amer. SP, 329, Geol. Soc. Amer, Boulder, Colorado
    • Heubeck, C, and D.R. Lowe (1999), Sedimentary petrography and provenance of the Archean Moodies Group, Barberton greenstone belt, in Geologic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, edited by D.R. Lowe and G.R. Byerly, Geol. Soc. Amer. SP, 329, pp. 259-286, Geol. Soc. Amer, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1999) Geologic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa , pp. 259-286
    • Heubeck, C.1    Lowe, D.R.2
  • 41
    • 84952893918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedimenatry vs hydrothermal processes for the origin of carbonaceous cherts in the Barberton greenstone belt
    • 4-9 July, compiled by Reimold, W.U. and Hofmann, A, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    • Hofmann, A. (2004), Sedimenatry vs hydrothermal processes for the origin of carbonaceous cherts in the Barberton greenstone belt, in Field Forum on Processes on the Early Earth Abstract Volume, Kaapvaal Craton, 4-9 July, 2004, compiled by Reimold, W.U. and Hofmann, A., pp. 35-37, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    • (2004) Field Forum on Processes on the Early Earth Abstract Volume, Kaapvaal Craton , pp. 35-37
    • Hofmann, A.1
  • 42
    • 0033457384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of 3.45 Ga coniform stromatolites in Warrawoona Group, Western Australia
    • Hofmann, H.J., K. Grey, A.H. Hickman, and R.I. Thorpe (1999), Origin of 3.45 Ga coniform stromatolites in Warrawoona Group, Western Australia, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 111, 1256-1262.
    • (1999) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull , vol.111 , pp. 1256-1262
    • Hofmann, H.J.1    Grey, K.2    Hickman, A.H.3    Thorpe, R.I.4
  • 44
    • 0000935533 scopus 로고
    • Early Proterozoic atmospheric change
    • edited by Bengston, S., Nobel Symposium No. 84., Columbia Univ.Press, New York
    • Holland, H.D. (1994), Early Proterozoic atmospheric change, in Early Life on Earth, edited by Bengston, S., Nobel Symposium No. 84., pp. 237-244, Columbia Univ.Press, New York.
    • (1994) Early Life on Earth , pp. 237-244
    • Holland, H.D.1
  • 45
    • 3042638232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viable transfer of microorganisms in the solar system and beyond
    • edited by G. Horneck and C. Baumstark-Kahn, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • Horneck, G, C. Mileikowsky, J. Melosh, J.W Wilson, F.A. Cucinotta, and B. Gladman (2002), Viable transfer of microorganisms in the solar system and beyond, in Astrobiology, edited by G. Horneck and C. Baumstark-Kahn, pp. 57-78, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (2002) Astrobiology , pp. 57-78
    • Horneck, G.1    Mileikowsky, C.2    Melosh, J.3    Wilson, W.J.4    Cucinotta, F.A.5    Gladman, B.6
  • 47
    • 34548066436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic signatures of early life in the Archean oceans: influence from submarine hydrothermal activities
    • edited by S. Nakashsima, S. Maruyama, A. Brack, and B.F. Windley, Universal Acad. Press, Tokyo, Japan
    • Kakegawa, T. (2001), Isotopic signatures of early life in the Archean oceans: influence from submarine hydrothermal activities, in Geochemistry and the Origin of Life, edited by S. Nakashsima, S. Maruyama, A. Brack, and B.F. Windley, pp. 237-249., Universal Acad. Press, Tokyo, Japan.
    • (2001) Geochemistry and the Origin of Life , pp. 237-249
    • Kakegawa, T.1
  • 48
    • 1642528967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of Fe(III)-minerals by Fe(II)-oxidizing photoautotrophic bacteria
    • Kappler, A., and D.K. Newman (2004), Formation of Fe(III)-minerals by Fe(II)-oxidizing photoautotrophic bacteria, Geochim Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 1217-1228.
    • (2004) Geochim Cosmochim. Acta , vol.68 , pp. 1217-1228
    • Kappler, A.1    Newman, D.K.2
  • 49
    • 0042021865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending the upper temperature limit for life
    • Kashefi, K., and D.R. Lovley (2003), Extending the upper temperature limit for life, Science, 301, 934-936.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 934-936
    • Kashefi, K.1    Lovley, D.R.2
  • 50
    • 0027914959 scopus 로고
    • Earth's early atmosphere
    • Kasting, J.F. (1993), Earth's early atmosphere. Science, 259, 920-926.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 920-926
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 51
    • 0038322915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High Archean climatic temperature inferred from oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts in the 3.5 Ga Swaziland Supergroup, South Africa
    • Knauth, L.P., and D.R. Lowe (2003), High Archean climatic temperature inferred from oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts in the 3.5 Ga Swaziland Supergroup, South Africa. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 115, 566-580.
    • (2003) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull , vol.115 , pp. 566-580
    • Knauth, L.P.1    Lowe, D.R.2
  • 53
    • 1542348324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot spring sinters: keys to understanding Earth's earliest life forms
    • Konhauser, K.O., B. Jones, A.-L. Reysenbach, and R.W. Renaut (2003), Hot spring sinters: keys to understanding Earth's earliest life forms, Can. J. Earth Sci., 40, 1713-1724.
    • (2003) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 1713-1724
    • Konhauser, K.O.1    Jones, B.2    Reysenbach, A.-L.3    Renaut, R.W.4
  • 54
    • 0020974680 scopus 로고
    • Stromatolites - the challenge of a term in space and time
    • Krumbein, WE. (1983), Stromatolites - the challenge of a term in space and time. Precambrian Res., 20, 493-531.
    • (1983) Precambrian Res. , vol.20 , pp. 493-531
    • Krumbein, W.E.1
  • 56
    • 0037344854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Archean spherule beds: Chromium isotopes confirm origin through multiple impacts of projectiles of carbonaceous chondrite type
    • Kyte, F.T., A. Shukolyukov, G.W Lugmaor, D.R. Lowe, G.R. Byerly (2003), Early Archean spherule beds: Chromium isotopes confirm origin through multiple impacts of projectiles of carbonaceous chondrite type, Geology, 31, 283-286.
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , pp. 283-286
    • Kyte, F.T.1    Shukolyukov, A.2    Lugmaor, W.G.3    Lowe, D.R.4    Byerly, G.R.5
  • 58
    • 0037175737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apatite in early Archean Isua supracrustal rocks, southern West Greenland: its origin, association with graphite and potential as a biomarker
    • Lepland, A., G. Arrhenius, and D. Cornell (2002), Apatite in early Archean Isua supracrustal rocks, southern West Greenland: its origin, association with graphite and potential as a biomarker, Precambrian Res., 118, 221-241.
    • (2002) Precambrian Res. , vol.118 , pp. 221-241
    • Lepland, A.1    Arrhenius, G.2    Cornell, D.3
  • 59
  • 61
    • 33947380501 scopus 로고
    • Stromatolites 3, 400-Myr old from the Archean of Western Australia
    • Lowe, D.R. (1980), Stromatolites 3, 400-Myr old from the Archean of Western Australia, Nature, 284, 441-443.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 441-443
    • Lowe, D.R.1
  • 62
    • 0020646670 scopus 로고
    • Restricted shallow water sedimentation of zearly Archean stromatolitic and evaporitic strata of the Strelley Pool Chert, Pilbara Block, Western Australia
    • Lowe, D.R. (1983), Restricted shallow water sedimentation of zearly Archean stromatolitic and evaporitic strata of the Strelley Pool Chert, Pilbara Block, Western Australia, Precambrian Res., 19, 239-283.
    • (1983) Precambrian Res. , vol.19 , pp. 239-283
    • Lowe, D.R.1
  • 63
    • 84874970267 scopus 로고
    • Abiological origin of described stromatolites older than 3.2 Ga
    • Lowe, D.R. (1994), Abiological origin of described stromatolites older than 3.2 Ga, Geology, 22, 287-390.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 287-390
    • Lowe, D.R.1
  • 64
    • 0022822760 scopus 로고
    • Early Archean silicate spherules of probable impact origin, South Africa and Western Australia
    • Lowe, DR., and G.R. Byerly (1986a), Early Archean silicate spherules of probable impact origin, South Africa and Western Australia, Geology, 14, 83-86.
    • (1986) Geology , vol.14 , pp. 83-86
    • Lowe, D.R.1    Byerly, G.R.2
  • 65
    • 0022839288 scopus 로고
    • Archaean flow-top alteration zones formed initially in a low-temperature sulphate-rich environment
    • Lowe, D.R. and Byerly, G. R. 1986b. Archaean flow-top alteration zones formed initially in a low-temperature sulphate-rich environment, Nature, 324, 245-248.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.324 , pp. 245-248
    • Lowe, D.R.1    Byerly, G.R.2
  • 66
    • 84871248685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedimentology, mineralogy, and implications of silicified evaporates in the Kromberg Formation, Barberton Greenston Belt, South Africa
    • edited by D.R. Lowe and G.R. Byerly, Geol. Soc. Amer, Boulder, Colorado
    • Lowe, D.R. and G.F. Worrell (1999), Sedimentology, mineralogy, and implications of silicified evaporates in the Kromberg Formation, Barberton Greenston Belt, South Africa, in Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. GSA SP., 329, edited by D.R. Lowe and G.R. Byerly, pp. 167-189, Geol. Soc. Amer, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1999) Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. GSA SP. , vol.329 , pp. 167-189
    • Lowe, D.R.1    Worrell, G.F.2
  • 67
    • 2342422587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spherule beds 3.47-3.24 billion years old in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: a record of large meteorite impacts and their influence on early crustal and biological evolution
    • Lowe, D.R., G.R. Byerly, F.T. Kyte, A. Shukulyukov, F. Asaro, and A. Krull (2003), Spherule beds 3.47-3.24 billion years old in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: a record of large meteorite impacts and their influence on early crustal and biological evolution, Astrobiol, 3, 7-48.
    • (2003) Astrobiol , vol.3 , pp. 7-48
    • Lowe, D.R.1    Byerly, G.R.2    Kyte, F.T.3    Shukulyukov, A.4    Asaro, F.5    Krull, A.6
  • 68
    • 34548090074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Isotopic records of microbially mediated processes
    • Lyons, T.W, C.L. Zhang, and CS. Romanek (2003), Introduction: Isotopic records of microbially mediated processes, Chem. Geol, 195, 1-4.
    • (2003) Chem. Geol , vol.195 , pp. 1-4
    • Lyons, T.W.1    Zhang, C.L.2    Romanek, C.S.3
  • 70
    • 0023823426 scopus 로고
    • Impact frustration of the origin of life
    • Maher, K.A. and D.J. Stevenson (1988), Impact frustration of the origin of life, Nature, 331, 612-614.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.331 , pp. 612-614
    • Maher, K.A.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 71
    • 0001755806 scopus 로고
    • Petrogenesis and geochemistry of metabasaltic and metasedimentary enclaves in the Amitsoq gneisses, West Greenland
    • McGregor, VR. and B. Mason (1977), Petrogenesis and geochemistry of metabasaltic and metasedimentary enclaves in the Amitsoq gneisses, West Greenland, Amer. Mineralogist, 62, 887-904.
    • (1977) Amer. Mineralogist , vol.62 , pp. 887-904
    • McGregor, V.R.1    Mason, B.2
  • 73
    • 0005129641 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and structure of recent stromatolitic algal mats, eastern Andros island, Bahamas
    • Monty, CL.V (1967), Distribution and structure of recent stromatolitic algal mats, eastern Andros island, Bahamas, Soc. Geol. De BelgiqueAnn., 96, 585-624.
    • (1967) Soc. Geol. De BelgiqueAnn. , vol.96 , pp. 585-624
    • Monty, C.L.V.1
  • 75
    • 0035977553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protoliths of the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua greenstone belt West Greenland
    • Myers, J.S. (2001), Protoliths of the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua greenstone belt West Greenland, Precambrian Res., 105, 129-141.
    • (2001) Precambrian Res. , vol.105 , pp. 129-141
    • Myers, J.S.1
  • 76
    • 0037052456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomicrobiology: How molecular-scale interactions underpin biogeomolecular systems
    • Newman, D.K., and J.F. Banfield (2002), Geomicrobiology: How molecular-scale interactions underpin biogeomolecular systems, Science, 296, 1071-1077.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1071-1077
    • Newman, D.K.1    Banfield, J.F.2
  • 77
    • 0031827191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth fault control of Early Archaean cherts, barite mounds and chert-barite veins, North Pole Dome, Eastern Pilbara, Western Australia
    • Nijman, W, K.H. de Bruijne, and M. Valkering (1998), Growth fault control of Early Archaean cherts, barite mounds and chert-barite veins, North Pole Dome, Eastern Pilbara, Western Australia, Precambrian Res., 88, 25-52.
    • (1998) Precambrian Res. , vol.88 , pp. 25-52
    • Nijman, W.1    de Bruijne, K.H.2    Valkering, M.3
  • 78
    • 0033534009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaean metabolic evolution of microbial mats
    • Nisbet, E.G., and C.M.R. Fowler (1999), Archaean metabolic evolution of microbial mats, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 266, 2375-2382.
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.266 , pp. 2375-2382
    • Nisbet, E.G.1    Fowler, C.M.R.2
  • 79
    • 0035931935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The habitat and nature of early
    • Nisbet, E.G., and N.H. Sleep (2001), The habitat and nature of early Me, Nature, 409, 1083-1091.
    • (2001) Me, Nature , vol.409 , pp. 1083-1091
    • Nisbet, E.G.1    Sleep, N.H.2
  • 80
    • 84942426925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early history of life
    • edited by WH. Schelsinger, Treatise on Geochemistry, 8, Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, UK
    • Nisbet, E.G., and C.M.R. Fowler (2004), The early history of life. In Biogeochemistry, edited by WH. Schelsinger, pp 1-39, Treatise on Geochemistry, 8, Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
    • (2004) Biogeochemistry , pp. 1-39
    • Nisbet, E.G.1    Fowler, C.M.R.2
  • 81
    • 84952879445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protoliths and micro-environments of some Archean Cherts (Pilbara, Australia): Geological Society of America Bulletin
    • Retinoid, W.U. and Gibson, R., in press
    • Orberger, B., V Rouchon, F. Westall, S.T. de Vries, C. Wagner, and D.L. Pinti (2006), Protoliths and micro-environments of some Archean Cherts (Pilbara, Australia): Geological Society of America Bulletin, in Retinoid, W.U. and Gibson, R., Processes on the Early Earth, Geol. Soc. Amer. SP, 405., in press.
    • (2006) Processes on the Early Earth, Geol. Soc. Amer. SP , pp. 405
    • Orberger, B.1    Rouchon, V.2    Westall, F.3    de Vries, S.T.4    Wagner, C.5    Pinti, D.L.6
  • 82
    • 14244263145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotopic composition of ammoniated phyllosilicates: case studies from Precambrian metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
    • Papineau, D, S.J. Mojzsis, J.A. Karhu, and B. Marty (2005), Nitrogen isotopic composition of ammoniated phyllosilicates: case studies from Precambrian metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, Chem. Geol., 216, 37-58.
    • (2005) Chem. Geol. , vol.216 , pp. 37-58
    • Papineau, D.1    Mojzsis, S.J.2    Karhu, J.A.3    Marty, B.4
  • 83
    • 0022215039 scopus 로고
    • Cherts of the Barberton greenstone belt interpreted as products of submarine exhalative activity
    • Paris, I., I.G, Stanistreet, and M.J. Hughes (1985), Cherts of the Barberton greenstone belt interpreted as products of submarine exhalative activity. J. Geol., 93, 111-129.
    • (1985) J. Geol. , vol.93 , pp. 111-129
    • Paris, I.1    Stanistreet, G.I.2    Hughes, M.J.3
  • 86
    • 0345852891 scopus 로고
    • Archean fossil finds resembling yeasts
    • Pflug, H.D. (1979), Archean fossil finds resembling yeasts, Geol. Palaeontol, 13, 1-8.
    • (1979) Geol. Palaeontol , vol.13 , pp. 1-8
    • Pflug, H.D.1
  • 87
    • 0035250858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earliest organic evolution, Essay to the memory of Bartholomew Nagy
    • Pflug, H.D. (2001), Earliest organic evolution, Essay to the memory of Bartholomew Nagy, Precamb. Res., 106, 79-92.
    • (2001) Precamb. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 79-92
    • Pflug, H.D.1
  • 88
    • 0000266474 scopus 로고
    • Combined structural and chemical analysis of 3, 800-Myr-old microfossils
    • Pflug, H.D., and H. Jaeschke-Boyer (1979), Combined structural and chemical analysis of 3, 800-Myr-old microfossils, Nature, 280, 483-486.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.280 , pp. 483-486
    • Pflug, H.D.1    Jaeschke-Boyer, H.2
  • 89
    • 0033835152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell viability during hydrothermal biomineralisation
    • Phoenix, VR., D.G. Adams, and K.O. Konhauser (2000), Cell viability during hydrothermal biomineralisation, Chem. Geol, 169, 329-338.
    • (2000) Chem. Geol , vol.169 , pp. 329-338
    • Phoenix, V.R.1    Adams, D.G.2    Konhauser, K.O.3
  • 90
    • 0035139749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15N-depleted nitrogen in Early Archean kerogens: clues on ancient marine chemosynthetic-based ecosystems?
    • 15N-depleted nitrogen in Early Archean kerogens: clues on ancient marine chemosynthetic-based ecosystems?, Precambrian Res., 105, 85-88.
    • (2001) Precambrian Res. , vol.105 , pp. 85-88
    • Pinti, D.L.1    Hashizume, K.2
  • 91
    • 0034906483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and argon signatures in 3.8 to 2.8 Ga metasediments: Clues on the chemical state of the Archean ocean and the deep biosphere
    • Pinti, D.L., K. Hashizume, and J. Matsuda (2001), Nitrogen and argon signatures in 3.8 to 2.8 Ga metasediments: Clues on the chemical state of the Archean ocean and the deep biosphere, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 2301-2315.
    • (2001) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.65 , pp. 2301-2315
    • Pinti, D.L.1    Hashizume, K.2    Matsuda, J.3
  • 92
    • 13144289792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrous ferric oxide precipitation in the presence of nonmetabolizing bacteria: Constraints on the mechanism of a biotic effect
    • Rancourt, D.G., P.-J. Thibault, D. Mavrocordatos, and G. Lamarche (2005), Hydrous ferric oxide precipitation in the presence of nonmetabolizing bacteria: Constraints on the mechanism of a biotic effect, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 553-577.
    • (2005) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.69 , pp. 553-577
    • Rancourt, D.G.1    Thibault, P.-J.2    Mavrocordatos, D.3    Lamarche, G.4
  • 93
    • 0034621829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filamentous microfossils in a 3, 235-millionyear-old volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit
    • Rasmussen, B. (2000), Filamentous microfossils in a 3, 235-millionyear-old volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Nature, 405, 676-679.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 676-679
    • Rasmussen, B.1
  • 94
    • 0002811188 scopus 로고
    • Appelella ferrifera, a possible new iron-coated microfossil in the Isua Iron-Formation, Southwestern Greenland
    • edited by P.W.U. Appel and G.L. LaBerge, Theophrastes, Athens, Greece
    • Robbins, E.I. (1987), Appelella ferrifera, a possible new iron-coated microfossil in the Isua Iron-Formation, Southwestern Greenland, in Precambrian Iron Formations, edited by P.W.U. Appel and G.L. LaBerge, pp. 141-154, Theophrastes, Athens, Greece.
    • (1987) Precambrian Iron Formations , pp. 141-154
    • Robbins, E.I.1
  • 95
    • 0002512495 scopus 로고
    • A model for the biological precipitation of Precambrian Iron Formations -B: Morphological evidence and modern analogs
    • edited by P.W.U. Appel and G.L. LaBerge, Theophrastes, Athens, Greece
    • Robbins, E.I., G.L. LaBerge, and R.G. Schmidt (1987), A model for the biological precipitation of Precambrian Iron Formations -B: Morphological evidence and modern analogs, in Precambrian Iron Formations, edited by P.W.U. Appel and G.L. LaBerge, pp. 97-139, Theophrastes, Athens, Greece.
    • (1987) Precambrian Iron Formations , pp. 97-139
    • Robbins, E.I.1    LaBerge, G.L.2    Schmidt, R.G.3
  • 96
    • 0026304822 scopus 로고
    • Mineral remains of early life on Earth? On Mars?
    • Robbins, E.I. and A.S. Iberall (1991), Mineral remains of early life on Earth? On Mars?, Geomicrobiol. J., 9, 51-66.
    • (1991) Geomicrobiol. J. , vol.9 , pp. 51-66
    • Robbins, E.I.1    Iberall, A.S.2
  • 97
    • 0033613862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 3C depleted carbon microparticles in >3700 Ma seafloor sedimentary rocks from West Greenland
    • Rosing M.T. (1999), 1 3C depleted carbon microparticles in >3700 Ma seafloor sedimentary rocks from West Greenland, Science, 283, 674-676.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 674-676
    • Rosing, M.T.1
  • 98
    • 1642545527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U-rich Archaean sea-floor sediments from Greenland: indications of >3700 Ma oxygenic photosynthesis
    • Rosing, M.T., and R. Frei (2004), U-rich Archaean sea-floor sediments from Greenland: indications of >3700 Ma oxygenic photosynthesis, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett, 217, 237-217244.
    • (2004) Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.217 , pp. 237-217244
    • Rosing, M.T.1    Frei, R.2
  • 99
    • 0035931866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life in Extreme Environments
    • Rothschild, L.J., and R.L. Mancinelli (2001), Life in Extreme Environments. Nature, 409, 1092-1101.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 1092-1101
    • Rothschild, L.J.1    Mancinelli, R.L.2
  • 100
    • 0037172079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass influx in the ancient Earth-Moon system and benign implications for the origin of life on Earth
    • Ryder, G. (2002), Mass influx in the ancient Earth-Moon system and benign implications for the origin of life on Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JE001583.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107
    • Ryder, G.1
  • 101
    • 0029414402 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago
    • Rye, R., RH. Kuo, and H.D. Holland (1995), Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago, Nature, 378, 603-605.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 603-605
    • Rye, R.1    Kuo, R.H.2    Holland, H.D.3
  • 102
    • 0023796877 scopus 로고
    • A 3800 million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks
    • Schidlowski, M. (1988), A 3800 million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks, Nature, 333, 313-318.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 313-318
    • Schidlowski, M.1
  • 103
    • 0035251310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopes as biogeochemical recorders of life over 3.8 Ga of Earth history: Evolution of a concept
    • Schidlowski, M. (2001), Carbon isotopes as biogeochemical recorders of life over 3.8 Ga of Earth history: Evolution of a concept, Precambrian Res., 106, 117-134.
    • (2001) Precambrian Res. , vol.106 , pp. 117-134
    • Schidlowski, M.1
  • 104
    • 0037173647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tungsten isotope evidence from ~3.8-Ga metamorphosed sediments for early meteorite bombardment of the Earth
    • Schoenberg, R., B.S. Kamber, K.D. Collerson, and M. Moorbath (2002), Tungsten isotope evidence from ~3.8-Ga metamorphosed sediments for early meteorite bombardment of the Earth, Nature, 418, 403-405.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 403-405
    • Schoenberg, R.1    Kamber, B.S.2    Collerson, K.D.3    Moorbath, M.4
  • 105
    • 0027341494 scopus 로고
    • Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: New evidence of the antiquity of life
    • Schopf, J.W. (1993), Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: New evidence of the antiquity of life, Science, 260, 640-646.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 640-646
    • Schopf, J.W.1
  • 106
    • 0002837983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing the roots of the universal tree of life
    • edited by A. Brack, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Schopf, J.W. (1998), Tracing the roots of the universal tree of life, in The Molecular Origins of Life, edited by A. Brack, pp. 336-362, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1998) The Molecular Origins of Life , pp. 336-362
    • Schopf, J.W.1
  • 107
    • 0000961750 scopus 로고
    • Archean microfossils: new evidence of ancient microbes
    • edited by J.W Schopf, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey
    • Schopf, J.W, and M.R. Walter (1983), Archean microfossils: new evidence of ancient microbes, in Earths Earliest Biosphere, edited by J.W Schopf, pp. 214-239, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
    • (1983) Earths Earliest Biosphere , pp. 214-239
    • Schopf, J.W.1    Walter, M.R.2
  • 108
    • 0023163693 scopus 로고
    • Early Archean (3.3 billion to 3.5 billion-year-old) microfossils from Warawoona Group, Australia
    • Schopf, J.W, and B.M. Packer (1987), Early Archean (3.3 billion to 3.5 billion-year-old) microfossils from Warawoona Group, Australia, Science, 237, 70-73.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 70-73
    • Schopf, J.W.1    Packer, B.M.2
  • 111
    • 0035282466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic evidence for microbial sulphate reduction in the early Archaean era
    • Shen, Y., R. Buick, and D.E. Canfield (2001), Isotopic evidence for microbial sulphate reduction in the early Archaean era, Nature, 410, 77-81.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 77-81
    • Shen, Y.1    Buick, R.2    Canfield, D.E.3
  • 113
    • 0024857198 scopus 로고
    • Annihilation of ecosystems by large asteroid impacts on the early Earth
    • Sleep, N.H., K.J. Zahnle, J.F. Kasting, and H.J. Morowitz (1989), Annihilation of ecosystems by large asteroid impacts on the early Earth, Nature, 342, 139-142.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 139-142
    • Sleep, N.H.1    Zahnle, K.J.2    Kasting, J.F.3    Morowitz, H.J.4
  • 114
    • 0141915044 scopus 로고
    • Microbial mats: Ecophysiological interactions related to biogenic sediment stabilization
    • edited by WE. Krumbein, D.M. Patterson and L. Stahl, et al, Biblioteks und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universitat, Oldenburgh, Germany
    • Stahl, L.J. (1994), Microbial mats: Ecophysiological interactions related to biogenic sediment stabilization, in Biostabilization of sediments, edited by WE. Krumbein, D.M. Patterson and L. Stahl, et al, pp. 41-54, Biblioteks und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universitat, Oldenburgh, Germany.
    • (1994) Biostabilization of sediments , pp. 41-54
    • Stahl, L.J.1
  • 115
    • 0033527055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis
    • Summons R.E., L.L. Jahnke, J.M. Hope, and J.H. Logan (1999), 2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis, Nature, 400, 554-557.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 554-557
    • Summons, R.E.1    Jahnke, L.L.2    Hope, J.M.3    Logan, J.H.4
  • 116
    • 28544439926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaean and Proteozoic Greenstone Belts: Setting and evolution
    • P.G Eriksson, et al, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Thurston, PC, and L.D. Ayres (2004), Archaean and Proteozoic Greenstone Belts: Setting and evolution, in The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and Events, P.G Eriksson, et al, pp.311-334, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    • (2004) The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and Events , pp. 311-334
    • Thurston, C.P.1    Ayres, L.D.2
  • 117
    • 4944240935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic microbial mats in the 3, 416-Myr-old ocean
    • Tice, M., and D.R. Lowe (2004), Photosynthetic microbial mats in the 3, 416-Myr-old ocean: Nature, 431, 549-552.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 549-552
    • Tice, M.1    Lowe, D.R.2
  • 118
    • 0036491717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulated silicification of bacteria - new clues to the modes and timing of bacterial preservation and implications for the search for extraterrestrial microfossils
    • Toporski, J.K.W., F. Westall, K.A. Thomas-Keprta, A. Steele, and D.S. Mckay (2002), The simulated silicification of bacteria - new clues to the modes and timing of bacterial preservation and implications for the search for extraterrestrial microfossils, Astrobiol, 2, 1-26.
    • (2002) Astrobiol , vol.2 , pp. 1-26
    • Toporski, J.K.W.1    Westall, F.2    Thomas-Keprta, K.A.3    Steele, A.4    Mckay, D.S.5
  • 119
    • 0142020075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of "marine snow"
    • Turley, C. (2002), The importance of "marine snow", Microbiol Today, 29, 177-179.
    • (2002) Microbiol Today , vol.29 , pp. 177-179
    • Turley, C.1
  • 120
    • 0000654188 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of structurally preserved plants in pre-Cambrian rocks of the Canadian shield
    • Tyler, S.A., and E.S. Barghoorn (1954), Occurrence of structurally preserved plants in pre-Cambrian rocks of the Canadian shield, Science, 119, 606-608.
    • (1954) Science , vol.119 , pp. 606-608
    • Tyler, S.A.1    Barghoorn, E.S.2
  • 121
    • 0742277577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Archean (ca. 3.5 Ga) microfossils and 13C-depleted carbonaceous matter in the North Pole area, Western Australia: Field occurrence and geochemistry
    • Eds. S. Nakashsima, S. Maruyama, A. Brack, and B.F. Windley, Universal Acad. Press, Tokyo, Japan
    • Ueno, Y, S. Maruyama, Y. Isozaki, and H. Yurimoto (2001a), Early Archean (ca. 3.5 Ga) microfossils and 13C-depleted carbonaceous matter in the North Pole area, Western Australia: Field occurrence and geochemistry, in Geochemistry and the Origin of Life, Eds. S. Nakashsima, S. Maruyama, A. Brack, and B.F. Windley, pp. 203-236, Universal Acad. Press, Tokyo, Japan.
    • (2001) Geochemistry and the Origin of Life , pp. 203-236
    • Ueno, Y.1    Maruyama, S.2    Isozaki, Y.3    Yurimoto, H.4
  • 122
    • 0034902906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopic signatures of individual Archean microfossils (?) from Western Australia
    • Ueno, Y, Y. Isozaki, H. Yurimoto, and S. Maruyama (2001b), Carbon isotopic signatures of individual Archean microfossils (?) from Western Australia, Int. Geol Rev., 43, 196-212.
    • (2001) Int. Geol Rev. , vol.43 , pp. 196-212
    • Ueno, Y.1    Isozaki, Y.2    Yurimoto, H.3    Maruyama, S.4
  • 123
    • 84952881605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and nitrogen isotope geochemistry of kerogen-rich ssilica dikes in the ca. 3.5 Ga North Pole area, Western Australia: subseafloor biosphere in the Archean
    • edited by K.F. Cassidy, J.N. Dunphy, and M.J. van Kranendonk, AGSOGeoscience Australia 2001/37, Perth, Australia
    • Ueno, Y, H. Yoshioka, S. Maruyama, and Y. Isozaki (2001c), Carbon and nitrogen isotope geochemistry of kerogen-rich ssilica dikes in the ca. 3.5 Ga North Pole area, Western Australia: subseafloor biosphere in the Archean, in International Archean Symposium extended abstracts, edited by K.F. Cassidy, J.N. Dunphy, and M.J. van Kranendonk, pp. 99-101, AGSOGeoscience Australia 2001/37, Perth, Australia.
    • (2001) International Archean Symposium extended abstracts , pp. 99-101
    • Ueno, Y.1    Yoshioka, H.2    Maruyama, S.3    Isozaki, Y.4
  • 124
    • 0036117527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion microprobe analysis of graphite from ca. 3.8 Ga metasediments, Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland: Relationship between metamorphism and carbon isotopic composition
    • Ueno, Y, H. Yurimoto, H. Yoshioka, T. Komiya, and S. Maruyama (2002), Ion microprobe analysis of graphite from ca. 3.8 Ga metasediments, Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland: Relationship between metamorphism and carbon isotopic composition, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 1257-1268.
    • (2002) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.66 , pp. 1257-1268
    • Ueno, Y.1    Yurimoto, H.2    Yoshioka, H.3    Komiya, T.4    Maruyama, S.5
  • 125
    • 0742322780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopes and petrography of kerogens in ca. 3.5 Ga hydrothermal silica dikes in the North Pole area, Western Australia
    • Ueno, Y, H. Yoshioka, S. Maruyama, andY. Isozaki (2004), Carbon isotopes and petrography of kerogens in ca. 3.5 Ga hydrothermal silica dikes in the North Pole area, Western Australia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 573-589.
    • (2004) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.68 , pp. 573-589
    • Ueno, Y.1    Yoshioka, H.2    Maruyama, S.3    Isozaki, Y.4
  • 126
    • 2342494424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geological and trace element evidence for a marine sedimentary environment of deposition and biogenicity of 3.45 Ga carbonates in the Pilbara, and support for a reducing Archean ocean
    • van Kranendonk, M.J., G.E. Webb, and B.S. Kamber (2003), Geological and trace element evidence for a marine sedimentary environment of deposition and biogenicity of 3.45 Ga carbonates in the Pilbara, and support for a reducing Archean ocean, Geobiol, 1, 91-108.
    • (2003) Geobiol , vol.1 , pp. 91-108
    • van Kranendonk, J.M.1    Webb, G.E.2    Kamber, B.S.3
  • 127
    • 4043131910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of metabasalts and hydrothermal alteration zones associated with c. 3.45 Ga chert and barite deposits: implications for the geological setting of the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton, Australia
    • van Kranendonk, M.J., and F. Pirajno (2004), Geochemistry of metabasalts and hydrothermal alteration zones associated with c. 3.45 Ga chert and barite deposits: implications for the geological setting of the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton, Australia, Geochem. Explor, Environ., Anal, 4, 253-278.
    • (2004) Geochem. Explor, Environ., Anal , vol.4 , pp. 253-278
    • van Kranendonk, J.M.1    Pirajno, F.2
  • 128
    • 0037043714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the evidence for the earliests traces of life
    • van Zuilen, M., A. Lepland, and G. Arrhenius (2002), Reassessing the evidence for the earliests traces of life, Nature, 418, 627-630.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 627-630
    • van Zuilen, M.1    Lepland, A.2    Arrhenius, G.3
  • 129
  • 130
    • 14844321968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and argon isotopic signatures in graphite from the 3.8-Ga-old Isua Supracrustal Belt, Southern West Greenland
    • van Zuilen, M.A., K. Mathew, B. Wopenka, A. Lepland, K. Marti, and A. Arrhenius (2005), Nitrogen and argon isotopic signatures in graphite from the 3.8-Ga-old Isua Supracrustal Belt, Southern West Greenland, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 1241-1252.
    • (2005) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.69 , pp. 1241-1252
    • van Zuilen, A.M.1    Mathew, K.2    Wopenka, B.3    Lepland, A.4    Marti, K.5    Arrhenius, A.6
  • 132
    • 0026614176 scopus 로고
    • Microfossils and possible microfossils from the Early Archean Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
    • Walsh, M.M. (1992). Microfossils and possible microfossils from the Early Archean Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 54, 271-293.
    • (1992) Precambrian Res. , vol.54 , pp. 271-293
    • Walsh, M.M.1
  • 133
    • 12144275060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of early Archean volcanoclastic and volcanic flow rocks as possible sites for carbonaceous fossil microbes
    • Walsh, M.M. (2004), Evaluation of early Archean volcanoclastic and volcanic flow rocks as possible sites for carbonaceous fossil microbes, Astrobiol, 4, 429-437.
    • (2004) Astrobiol , vol.4 , pp. 429-437
    • Walsh, M.M.1
  • 134
    • 0022205029 scopus 로고
    • Filamentous microfossils from the 3500 Myr-old Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
    • Walsh, M.M., and D.R. Lowe (1985), Filamentous microfossils from the 3500 Myr-old Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, Nature, 314, 530-532.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 530-532
    • Walsh, M.M.1    Lowe, D.R.2
  • 135
    • 0038261476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes of accumulation of carbonaceous matter in the early Archaean: A petrographic and geochemical study of carbonaceous cherts from the Swaziland Supergroup
    • eds. DR. Lowe, G.R. Byerly, Geol. Soc. Am Spec. Paper, Geol. Soc. Amer., Boulder, Colorado
    • Walsh, M.M., and D.R. Lowe (1999), Modes of accumulation of carbonaceous matter in the early Archaean: A petrographic and geochemical study of carbonaceous cherts from the Swaziland Supergroup, in Geologic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, eds. DR. Lowe, G.R. Byerly, Geol. Soc. Am Spec. Paper, 329, pp. 115-132, Geol. Soc. Amer., Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1999) Geologic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa , vol.329 , pp. 115-132
    • Walsh, M.M.1    Lowe, D.R.2
  • 136
    • 33750065939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archean biofilms preserved in the 3.2-3.6 Ga Swaziland Supergroup, South Africa
    • edited by WE. Krumbein, T. Dornieden, and M. Volkmann, Kluwer, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Walsh, M.M., and F. Westall (2003), Archean biofilms preserved in the 3.2-3.6 Ga Swaziland Supergroup, South Africa, in Fossil and Recent Biofilms, edited by WE. Krumbein, T. Dornieden, and M. Volkmann, pp. 307-316, Kluwer, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    • (2003) Fossil and Recent Biofilms , pp. 307-316
    • Walsh, M.M.1    Westall, F.2
  • 137
  • 138
    • 0002763147 scopus 로고
    • Archean stromatolites: evidence of the Earth's earliest benthos
    • edited by J.W. Schopf, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
    • Walter, M.R. (1983), Archean stromatolites: evidence of the Earth's earliest benthos, in Earth's Earliest Biosphere, edited by J.W. Schopf, pp. 187-213, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
    • (1983) Earth's Earliest Biosphere , pp. 187-213
    • Walter, M.R.1
  • 139
    • 0000622766 scopus 로고
    • Stromatolites 3, 400-3, 500 Myr old from the North Pole area, Western Australia
    • Walter, M.R., R. Buick, and J.S.R. Dunlop (1980), Stromatolites 3, 400-3, 500 Myr old from the North Pole area, Western Australia, Nature, 284, 443-445.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 443-445
    • Walter, M.R.1    Buick, R.2    Dunlop, J.S.R.3
  • 140
    • 0032757838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of fossil bacteria
    • Westall, F. (1999), The nature of fossil bacteria, J. Geophys. Res., Planet, 104, 16,437-16,451.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res., Planet , vol.104 , pp. 16437-16451
    • Westall, F.1
  • 141
    • 0346281671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stephen Jay Gould, les procaryotes et leur évolution dans le contexte géologique
    • Westall, F. (2003), Stephen Jay Gould, les procaryotes et leur évolution dans le contexte géologique. Palevol, 2, 485-501.
    • (2003) Palevol , vol.2 , pp. 485-501
    • Westall, F.1
  • 142
    • 21844470403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early life on earth: The ancient fossil record
    • edited by P. Ehrenfreund, P., et al, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Westall, F. (2004), Early life on earth: The ancient fossil record, in Astrobiology: Future Perspectives, edited by P. Ehrenfreund, P., et al, pp. 287-316, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (2004) in Astrobiology: Future Perspectives , pp. 287-316
    • Westall, F.1
  • 143
    • 17244368919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life on the early Earth: A sedimentary view
    • Westall, F. (2005a), Life on the early Earth: A sedimentary view, Science, 434, 366-367.
    • (2005) Science , vol.434 , pp. 366-367
    • Westall, F.1
  • 144
    • 33645702224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geological context for the origin of life and the mineral signatures of fossil life
    • edited by M. Gargaud et al, Speinger Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • Westall, E, (2005b), The geological context for the origin of life and the mineral signatures of fossil life, in Lectures in Astrobiology, Vol. 1, edited by M. Gargaud et al, pp. 195-219, Speinger Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (2005) Lectures in Astrobiology , vol.1 , pp. 195-219
    • Westall, E.1
  • 145
    • 0001834577 scopus 로고
    • The experimental silicification of microbes
    • Westall, E, L. Boni, and M.E. Guerzoni (1995), The experimental silicification of microbes, Palaeontol, 38, 495-528.
    • (1995) Palaeontol , vol.38 , pp. 495-528
    • Westall, E.1    Boni, L.2    Guerzoni, M.E.3
  • 146
    • 0006486194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron microscope methods in the search for the earliest life forms on Earth (in 3.5-3.3 Ga cherts from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa): applications for extraterrestrial studies
    • Westall, F., and D. Gerneke (1998), Electron microscope methods in the search for the earliest life forms on Earth (in 3.5-3.3 Ga cherts from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa): applications for extraterrestrial studies, SPIE: Instrum., Meth., Miss. Astrobiol, 3441, 158-169.
    • (1998) SPIE: Instrum., Meth., Miss. Astrobiol , vol.3441 , pp. 158-169
    • Westall, F.1    Gerneke, D.2
  • 147
    • 34248646063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of fossil microorganisms in Archaean-age rocks. In
    • edited by J. Seckbach, Kluwer, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Westall, E, and M.M. Walsh (2000), The diversity of fossil microorganisms in Archaean-age rocks. In, Journey to Diverse Microbial Worlds, edited by J. Seckbach, pp. 15-27, Kluwer, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    • (2000) Journey to Diverse Microbial Worlds , pp. 15-27
    • Westall, E.1    Walsh, M.M.2
  • 148
    • 0142141350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous carbonaceous microstructures in Early Archaean cherts and BIFs from the Isua greenstone belt: Implications for the search for life in ancient rocks
    • Westall, E, and R.L. Folk (2003), Exogenous carbonaceous microstructures in Early Archaean cherts and BIFs from the Isua greenstone belt: Implications for the search for life in ancient rocks, Precambrian Res., 126, 313-330.
    • (2003) Precambrian Res. , vol.126 , pp. 313-330
    • Westall, E.1    Folk, R.L.2
  • 150
    • 0035250842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Archaean fossil bacteria and biofilms in hydrothermally influenced, shallow water sediments, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
    • Westall, E, M.J. De Wit, J. Dann, S. van Der Gaast., C. De Ronde., and D. Gerneke (2001a), Early Archaean fossil bacteria and biofilms in hydrothermally influenced, shallow water sediments, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 106, 94-112.
    • (2001) Precambrian Res. , vol.106 , pp. 94-112
    • Westall, E.1    De Wit, M.J.2    Dann, J.3    van Der Gaast, S.4    De Ronde, C.5    Gerneke, D.6
  • 151
    • 0036766334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Earth and early life: an extreme environment and extremophiles - application to the search for life on Mars
    • Austria, 16-19 September 2002, ESA SP-518, European Space Agency, Nordwijk, The Netherlands
    • Westall, E, A. Brack, B. Barbier, M. Bertrand, and A. Chabin (2002), Early Earth and early life: an extreme environment and extremophiles - application to the search for life on Mars. Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology Graz, Austria, 16-19 September 2002, ESA SP-518, pp. 131-136, European Space Agency, Nordwijk, The Netherlands.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology Graz , pp. 131-136
    • Westall, E.1    Brack, A.2    Barbier, B.3    Bertrand, M.4    Chabin, A.5
  • 152
    • 39849093816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil biofilms and the search for life on Mars, In
    • edited by WE. Krumbein et al, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Westall, E, M.M. Walsh, J. Toporski, J. and A. Steele (2003), Fossil biofilms and the search for life on Mars, In, Recent and Fossil Biofilms, edited by WE. Krumbein et al, pp. 447-465, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (2003) Recent and Fossil Biofilms , pp. 447-465
    • Westall, E.1    Walsh, M.M.2    Toporski, J.J.3    Steele, A.4
  • 153
    • 33750089524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the identification of Early Archaean microfossils in cherts from Barberton and the Pilbara
    • 4-9 July, compiled by Reimold, W.U. and Hofmann, A, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    • Westall, E, O. Orberger, V Rouchon, J.-N. Rouzaud, and I. Wright (2004), On the identification of Early Archaean microfossils in cherts from Barberton and the Pilbara, in Field Forum on Processes on the Early Earth Abstract Volume, Kaapvaal Craton, 4-9 July, 2004, compiled by Reimold, W.U. and Hofmann, A., pp. 94-97, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    • (2004) Field Forum on Processes on the Early Earth Abstract Volume, Kaapvaal Craton , pp. 94-97
    • Westall, E.1    Orberger, O.2    Rouchon, V.3    Rouzaud, J.-N.4    Wright, I.5
  • 155
    • 0034467627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomineral homologies, organismobiosis, and the problem of biomarkers
    • edited by R.B. Hoover, the International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington
    • Yushkin, N.P. (2000), Biomineral homologies, organismobiosis, and the problem of biomarkers, in Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology III, Proceedings of SPIE, 4137, edited by R.B. Hoover, pp. 22-35, the International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington.
    • (2000) Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology III, Proceedings of SPIE , vol.4137 , pp. 22-35
    • Yushkin, N.P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.