Individualized versus general measures of addiction-related implicit cognitions

Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 121-134

  Fadardi, Javad S ^a   Cox, W Miles ^b,c   Klinger, Eric ^c,d,e  

^a FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD   (Iran)

^b BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e American Psychological Society   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84951063673     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781412976237.n9     Document Type: Chapter

References (61)

1. Andersson G. Haldrup D. Personalized pain words and Stroop interference in chronic pain patients European Journal of Pain 7 (5) (2003) 431-438 doi:10.1016/S1090-3801(03)00002-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1090-3801%2803%2900002-8
2. Baars, B. J.(1988). A cognitive theory of consciousness. London: Cambridge University Press.
3. Bargh, J. A.(1997). The automaticity of everyday life. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Advances in social psychology (Vol. 10, 1-49). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4. Bargh J. A. Chartrand T. L. The unbearable automaticity of being American Psychologist 54 (7) (1999) 462-479 doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.462
5. Bauer D. Cox W. M. Alcohol-related words are distracting to both alcohol abusers and non-abusers in the Stroop colour-naming task Addiction 93 (10) (1998) 1539-1542 doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9310153910.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9310153910.x
6. Bradley B. P. Field M. Mogg K. De Houwer J. Attentional and evaluative biases for smoking cues in nicotine dependence: Component processes of biases in visual orienting Behavioural Pharmacology 15 (2004) 29-36 doi:10.1097/00008877-200402000-00004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-200402000-00004
7. Cox W. M. Blount J. P. Rozak A. M. Alcohol abusers’ and nonabusers’ distraction by alcohol and concern-related stimuli American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26 (3) (2000) 489-495 doi:10.1081/ADA-100100258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ADA-100100258
8. Cox, W. M., Fadardi, J. S., & Pothos, E. M.(2005). The alcohol-Stroop test: Theoretical considerations and procedural recommendations. Unpublished manuscript.
9. Cox W. M. Hogan L. M. Kristian M. R. Race J. H. Alcohol attentional bias as a predictor of alcohol abusers’ treatment outcome Drug and Alcohol Dependence 68 (3) (2002) 237-243 doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00219-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716%2802%2900219-3
10. Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E.(2004). A motivational model of alcohol use: Determinants of use and change. In W. M. Cox & E. Klinger (Eds.), Handbook of motivational counseling: Concepts, approaches, and assessment (121-138). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
11. Craik F. I. Lockhart R. S. Levels of processing: A framework for memory research Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11 (6) (1972) 671-684 doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371%2872%2980001-X
12. Dehaene S. Changeux J. P. Reward-dependent learning in neuronal networks for planning and decision making Progress in Brain Research 126 (2000) 217-229 doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(00)26016-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123%2800%2926016-0
13. Dehaene S. Kerszberg M. Changeux J. P. A neuronal model of a global workspace in effortful cognitive tasks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (24) (1998) 14529-14534 doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.24.14529
14. De Houwer, J.(2003). A structural analysis of indirect measures of attitudes. In J. Musch & K. C. Klauer (Eds.), The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion (219-244). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
15. Ekehammar B. Akrami N. Araya T. Gender differences in implicit prejudice Personality and Individual Differences 34 (2003) 1509-1523 doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00132-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869%2802%2900132-0
16. Fadardi, J. S., & Cox, W. M.(2004a). Can university students’ alcohol-attentional bias and motivational structure predict their alcohol consumption? Manuscript submitted for publication.
17. Franken I. H. Drug craving and addiction: Integrating psychological and neuropsychopharmacological approaches Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 27 (4) (2003) 563-579 doi:10.1016/S0278-5846(03)00081-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5846%2803%2900081-2
18. Franken I. H. Kroon L. Y. Wiers R. W. Jansen A. Selective cognitive processing of drug cues in heroin dependence Journal of Psychopharmacology 14 (4) (2000) 395-400 doi:10.1177/026988110001400408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026988110001400408
19. Friedman B. H. Thayer J. F. Autonomic balance revisited: Panic anxiety and heart rate variability Journal of Psychosomatic Research 44 (1) (1998) 133-151 doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00202-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999%2897%2900202-X
20. Greeley J. D. Swift W. Heather N. To drink or not to drink? Assessing conflicting desires in dependent drinkers in treatment Drug and Alcohol Dependence 32 (2) (1993) 169-179 doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)80010-C http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716%2893%2980010-C
21. Greenwald A. G. Banaji M. R. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes Psychological Review 102 (1) (1995) 4-27 doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.1.4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.1.4
22. Greenwald A. G. McGhee D. E. Schwartz L. K. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 1464-1480 doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464
23. Gross T. M. Jarvik M. E. Rosenblatt M. R. Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 110 (3) (1993) 333-336 doi:10.1007/BF02251289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251289
24. Hoelscher T. J. Klinger E. Barta S. G. Incorporation of concern-and nonconcern-related verbal stimuli into dream content Journal of Abnormal Psychology 49 (1981) 88-91
25. Ingjaldsson J. T. Thayer J. F. Laberg J. C. Preattentive processing of alcohol stimuli Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 44 (2) (2003) 161-165 doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00334 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00334
26. Jajodia A. Earleywine M. Measuring alcohol expectancies with the implicit association test Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 17 (2003) 126-133 doi:10.1037/0893-164X.17.2.126 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.17.2.126
27. Jastrow, J.(1906). The subconscious. New York: Houghton Mifflin. doi:10.1037/10598-000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10598-000
28. Klinger, E.(1971). Structure and functions of fantasy. New York: John Wiley.
29. Klinger E. Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives Psychological Review 82 (1) (1975) 1-25 doi:10.1037/h0076171 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0076171
30. Klinger, E.(1977). Meaning and void: Inner experience and the incentives in people's lives. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
31. Klinger, E.(1978). Modes of normal conscious flow. In K. S. Pope & J. L. Singer (Eds.), The stream of consciousness: Scientific investigations into the flow of human experience (225-228). New York: Plenum.
32. Klinger, E.(1996). Emotional influences on cognitive processing, with implications for theories of both. In P. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (168-189). New York: Guilford.
33. Klinger, E., Barta, S. G., & Maxeiner, M. E.(1981). Current concerns: Assessing therapeutically relevant motivation. In P. C. Kendall & S. D. Hollon (Eds.), Assessment strategies for cognitive behavioral interventions (161-196). New York: Academic Press.
34. Klinger, E., & Cox, W. M.(2004). Motivation and the theory of current concerns. In W. M. Cox & E. Klinger (Eds.), Handbook of motivational counseling: Concepts, approaches, and assessment (3-27). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
35. MacLeod C. M. MacDonald P. A. Interdimensional interference in the Stroop effect: Uncovering the cognitive and neural anatomy of attention Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (10) (2000) 383-391 doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01530-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613%2800%2901530-8
36. McCusker C. G. Gettings B. Automaticity of cognitive biases in addictive behaviours: Further evidence with gamblers British Journal of Clinical Psychology 36 (Pt. 4) (1997) 543-554 doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01259.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01259.x
37. Moskowitz, G. B., Li, P., & Kirk, E. R.(2004). The implicit volition model: On the preconscious regulation of temporarily adopted goals. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 36, 317-413). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Academic.
38. Nikles C. D.II Brecht D. L. Klinger E. Bursell A. L. The effects of current-concern-and nonconcern-related waking suggestions on nocturnal dream content Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 242-255 doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.242
39. Nikula R. Klinger E. Larson-Gutman M. K. Current concerns and electrodermal reactivity: Responses to words and thoughts Journal of Personality 61 (1993) 63-84 doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00279.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00279.x
40. Olson M. A. Fazio R. H. Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 653-667 doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.653
41. Palfai T. P. Ostafin B. D. Alcohol-related motivational tendencies in hazardous drinkers: Assessing implicit response tendencies using the modified-IAT Behaviour Research and Therapy 41 (2003) 1149-1162 doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00018-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2803%2900018-4
42. Parkinson L. Rachman S. Are intrusive thoughts subject to habituation? Behaviour Research and Therapy 18 (5) (1980) 409-418 doi:10.1016/0005-7967(80)90006-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967%2880%2990006-6
43. Porges S. W. Vagal tone: A physiologic marker of stress vulnerability Pediatrics 90 (3, Pt. 2) (1992) 498-504
44. Pothos E. M. Cox W. M. Cognitive bias for alcohol-related information in inferential processes Drug and Alcohol Dependence 66 (3) (2002) 235-241 doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00204-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716%2801%2900204-6
45. Powell M. Hemsley D. R. Depression: A breakdown of perceptual defence? British Journal of Psychiatry 145 (1984) 358-362 doi:10.1192/bjp.145.4.358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.145.4.358
46. Riemann B. C. McNally R. J. Cognitive processing of personally relevant information Cognition & Emotion 9 (4) (1995) 325-340
47. Robinson T. E. Berridge K. C. Addiction Annual Review of Psychology 54 (1) (2003) 25-53 doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145237 http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145237
48. Schooler, J. W., & Eich, E. E.(2000). Memory for emotional events. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Oxford handbook of memory (379-394). New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Stacy A. W. Memory activation and expectancy as prospective predictors of alcohol and marijuana use Journal of Abnormal Psychology 106 (1) (1997) 61-73 doi:10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.61 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.61
50. Stacy A. W. Ames S. L. Sussman S. Dent C. W. Implicit cognition in adolescent drug use Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 10 (3) (1996) 190-203 doi:10.1037/0893-164X.10.3.190 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.10.3.190
51. Stormark, K. M., Field, N. P., Hugdahl, K., & Horowitz, M.(1997). Selective processing of visual alcohol cues in abstinent alcoholics: An approach-avoidance conflict?Addictive Behaviors22 (4) 509-514 doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(96)00051-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603%2896%2900051-2
52. Stormark K. M. Laberg J. C. Nordby H. Hugdahl K. Alcoholics’ selective attention to alcohol stimuli: Automated processing? Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61 (1) (2000) 18-23
53. Stroop J. R. Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction Journal of Experimental Psychology 18 (1935) 643-662 doi:10.1037/h0054651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0054651
54. Tiffany S. T. A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: Role of automatic and nonautomatic processes Psychological Review 97 (2) (1990) 147-168 doi:10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.147
55. Wertz J. M. Sayette M. A. Effects of smoking opportunity on attentional bias in smokers Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 15 (3) (2001) 268-271 doi:10.1037/0893-164X.15.3.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.15.3.268
56. Wiers R. W. Stacy A. W. Ames S. L. Noll J. A. Sayette M. A. Zack M., et al. Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 26 (1) (2002) 129-137 doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02441.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02441.x
57. Wiers R. W. van Woerden N. Smulders F. T. Y. de Jong P. J. Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in heavy and light drinkers Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111 (2002) 648-658 doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.648 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.648
58. Williams J. M. G. Mathews A. MacLeod C. The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology Psychological Bulletin 120 (1996) 3-24 doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3
59. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C. M., & Mathews, A.(1997). Attention to emotional stimuli: Causes and correlates. In Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders (72-105). New York: John Wiley.
60. Wilson, B. J., & Gottman, J. M.(1996). Attention-the shuttle between emotion and cognition: Risk, resiliency, and physiological bases. In E. M. Hetherington & E. A. Blechman (Eds.), Stress, coping, and resiliency in children and families. Family research consortium: Advances in family research (189-228). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
61. Young, J.(1987). The role of selective attention in the attitude-behavior relationship. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.