An introduction to audio content analysis: Applications in signal processing and music informatics

An Introduction to Audio Content Analysis: Applications in Signal Processing and Music Informatics

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-248

  Lerch, Alexander ^a  

^a Zplanedevelopment   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUDIO ACOUSTICS; AUDIO SYSTEMS; DIGITAL STORAGE;

ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS; AUDIO CONTENT ANALYSIS; AUDIO PROCESSING SYSTEMS; DIGITAL AUDIO; INDUSTRY EXPERTS; MUSIC INFORMATICS; MUSIC THEORY;

AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING;

EID: 84949804685     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118393550     Document Type: Book

References (503)

1. J. S. Downie, "Music Information Retrieval," Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, vol. 37, B. Cronin, Ed., pp. 295-340, 2003. DOI: 10.1002/ aris. 1440370108.
2. N. Orio, "Music Retrieval: A Tutorial and Review," Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, vol. 1, no. 1, J. Callan and F. Sebastiani, Eds., pp. 1-90, 2006. DOi: 10.1561/1500000002.
3. MIDI Manufacturers Association, "Complete midi 1.0 detailed specification v96.1, 2nd ed.," MMA, Standard, 2001.
4. C. E. Seashore, "A Voice Tonoscope," Studies in Psychology, vol. 3, pp. 18-28, 1902.
5. D. P. W. Ellis, "Extracting Information from Music Audio," Communications of the ACM, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 32-37, Aug. 2006, ISSN: 00010782. DOI: 10.1145/ 1145287.1145310.
6. A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schäfer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 2nd. En-glewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999, ISBN: 0-13-754920-2.
7. J. Ohm and H. Luke, Signalübertragung - Grundlagen der digitalen und analogen Nachrichtenübertragungssysteme, 10th ed. Berlin: Springer, 2007.
8. J. Smith, "Spectral Audio Signal Processing - March 2010 Draft," Stanford University, Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford, CA, Tech. Rep., 2010, Last retrieved on Dec. 19, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.dsprelated.com/dspbooks/sasp.
9. J. W. Gibbs, "Fourier's Series," Nature, vol. 59, no. 1522, pp. 200-200, Dec. 1898, ISSN: 0028-0836. DOI: 10.1038/059200M).
10. J. W. Gibbs, "Fourier's Series," Nature, vol. 59, no. 1539, pp. 606-606, Apr. 1899, ISSN:0028-0836. DOI: 10.1038/059606a0.
11. V. A. Kotelnikov, "On the Transmission Capacity of "Ether" and Wire in Electric Communications," Reprint by the institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University) of the original article from 1933, 2003. DOI: 10.1070/PU2006v049n07ABEH006048.
12. C. E. Shannon, "Communication in the Presence of Noise," Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 37, pp. 10-21, 1949, Reprinted in Proceedings of the IEEE 86(2), 1998. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.1998.659497.
13. J. M. Whittaker, "The "Fourier" Theory of the Cardinal Function," Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, vol. 1, pp. 169-176, Jan. 1929, ISSN: 00130915. DOI: 10.1017/S0013091500013511.
14. H. Nyquist, "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory," Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 617-644, Apr. 1928, ISSN: 0096-3860. DOi: 10.1109/T-AIEE. 1928.5055024.
15. S. W. Smith, Digital Signal Processing (The Scientist's and Engineer's Guide to), 2nd. San Diego: California Technical Publishing, Jul. 1999, ISBN: 978-0966017632.
16. S. Fulop and K. Fitz, "Algorithms for Computing the Time-Corrected Instantaneous Frequency (Reassigned) Spectrogram, with Applications," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 360-371, 2006. DOI: 10.1121/1.2133000.
17. M. Lagrange and S. Marchand, "Estimating the Instantaneous Frequency of Sinusoidal Components Using Phase-Based Methods," Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 385-399, 2007.
18. F. Auger and P. Flandrin, "Improving the Readability of Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Representations by the Reassignment Method," Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1068-1089, 1995. DOI: 10.1109/78.382394.
19. J. C. Brown, "Calculation of a constant Q spectral transform," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 425-434, 1991, ISSN: 00014966. DOi: 10.1121/1.400476.
20. J. C. Brown and M. S. Puckette, "An Efficient Algorithm for the Calculation of a Constant Q Transform," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 92, no. 5, p. 2698, 1992, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.404385.
21. C. Schorkhuber and A. P. Klapuri, "Constant-Q Transform Toolbox for Music Processing," in Proceedings of the 7th Sound and Music Computing Conference (SMC), Barcelona, 2010.
22. R. F. Lyon, A. G. Katsiamis, and E. M. Drakakis, "History and Future of Auditory Filter Models," in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), May 2010, pp. 3809-3812, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5308-5. DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS .2010. 5537724.
23. E. D. Boer and H. R. de Jongh, "On Cochlear Encoding: Potentialities and Limitations of the Reverse-Correlation Technique," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 63, no. 1, p. 115, Jan. 1978, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.381704.
24. A. M. H. J. Aertsen and P. I. M. Johannesma, "Spectro-Temporal Receptive Fields of Auditory Neurons in the Grassfrog," Biological Cybernetics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 223-234, Nov. 1980, ISSN: 0340-1200. DOI: 10.1007/BF00337015.
25. M. Slaney, "An Efficient Implementation of the Patterson-Holdsworth Auditory Filter Bank," Apple Perception Group, Tech. Rep. 35, 1993.
26. L. Van Immerseel and S. Peeters, "Digital Implementation of Linear Gammatone Filters: Comparison of Design Methods," Acoustics Research Letters Online, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 59, 2003, ISSN: 15297853. DOI: 10.1121/1.1573131.
27. M. Slaney, "Auditory Toolbox - Version 2," Interval Research Corporation, Vienna, Tech. Rep. TR-1998-010, 1998, Last retrieved on Dec. 12, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edU/~malcolm/interval/l998-010.
28. T. Tolonen and M. Karjalainen, "A Computationally Efficient Multipitch Analysis Model," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 708-716, 2000. DOI: 10.1109/89.876309.
29. N. Levinson, "The Wiener RMS (Root Mean Square) Error Criterion in Filter Design and Prediction," Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 261-278, 1947.
30. J Durbin, "The Fitting of Time-Series Models,", Review of the International Statistical Institute, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 233-244, Nov. 1960.
31. N. S. Jayant, "Digital Coding of Speech Waveforms: PCM, DPCM, and DM Quantizers," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 611-632, 1974, ISSN: 00189219. DOI: 10.1109/PROC. 1974.9484.
32. P. P. Vaidyanathan, The Theory of Linear Prediction. Morgan & Claypool, 2008, ISBN: 978-159829576-4. DOI: 10.2200/S00086ED1V01Y200712SPR03.
33. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 15938-4:2002, "Information Technology - Multimedia Content Description Interface - Part 4: Audio," ISO/IEC, Standard, 2002.
34. G. Peeters, "A Large Set of Audio Features for Sound Description (Similarity and Classification) in the CUIDADO Project," IRCAM, Project Report (CUIDADO), 2004.
35. G. Eisenberg, Identification und Klassifikation von Musikinstrumentenkldngen in monophoner und polyphoner Musik. Gottingen: Cuvillier, 2008, ISBN: 978-386727-825-6.
36. J. Smith and P. Gosset, "A Flexible Sampling-Rate Conversion Method," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 2, San Diego: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Mar. 1984. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP. 1984.1172555.
37. R. Rasch and R. Plomb, "The Perception of Musical Tones," in The Psychology of Music, D. Deutsch, Ed., New York: Academic Press, 1982.
38. E. Zwicker and R. Feldtkeller, Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempfanger, 2nd. Stuttgart: S Hirzel, 1967.
39. B. Moore, An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 4th. London: Academic Press, 1997.
40. ASA SI. 1-1960, "Acoustical Terminology," American Standards Association (ASA), Standard, 1960.
41. A. Bregman, Auditory Scene Analysis, MIT Press, 1994.
42. J. Blumenbach, The Elements of Physiology, 4th. London: Longman, Reese, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828.
43. H. Helmholtz, Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik, 3rd. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1870.
44. C. Stumpf, Tonpsychologie II. Hilversum/Amsterdam: Knuf and Bonset, 1890, Reprint 1965.
45. C. E. Seashore, Psychology of Music. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1938, Reprint 1967, Dover Publications, New York.
46. C. Reuter, Der Einschwingvorgang nichtperkussiver Musikinstrumente, Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1995.
47. E. Zwicker and H. Fasti, Psychoacoustics. Facts and Models, 2nd. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
48. G. Bismarck, "Sharpness as an Attribute of the Timbre of Steady Sounds," Acustica, vol. 30, pp. 159-172, 1974.
49. P. Iverson and C. Krumhansl, "Isolating the Dynamic Attributes of Musical Timbre," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 2595-2603, 1993. DOI: 10.1121/1.407371.
50. S. McAdams, S. Winsberg, S. Donnadieu, G. Soete, and J. Krimphoff, "Perceptual Scaling of Synthesized Musical Timbres: Common Dimensions, Speciiities, and Latent Subject Classes," Psychological Research, vol. 58, pp. 177-192, 1995. DOI: 10.1007/BF00419633.
51. S. Lakatos, "A Common Perceptual Space for Harmonic and Percussive Timbres," Perception & Psychophysics, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1426-1439, 2000. DOI: 10.3758/ BF03212144.
52. J. Marozeau, A. Cheveigne, S. McAdams, and S. Winsberg, "The Dependency of Timbre on Fundamental Frequency," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 2946-2957, 2003. DOI: 10.1121/1.1618239.
53. E. Schubert, J. Wolfe, and A. Tarnopolsky, "Spectral Centroid and Timbre in Complex, Multiple Instrumental Textures," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC), Evanston, Aug. 2004.
54. A. Caclin, S. McAdams, B. Smith, and S. Winsberg, "Acoustic Correlates of Timbre Space Dimensions: A Confirmatory Study Using Synthetic Tones," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 118,no. 1, pp. 471-482, 2005. DOI: 10.1121/1.1929229.
55. S. B. Davis and P. Mermelstein, "Comparison of Parametric Representations for Monosyllabic Word Recognition in Continuously Spoken Sentences," Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 357-366, Aug. 1980, ISSN: 0096-3518. DOI: 10.1109/TASSP. 1980.1163420.
56. J. Foote, "Content-Based Retrieval of Music and Audio," in Proceedings on Multimedia Storage and Archiving Systems II, Part of SPIE's International Symposium on Voice, Video and Data Communications, Dallas, Nov. 1997. DOI: 10.1117/12. 290336.
57. B. Logan, "Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for Music Modeling," in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Plymouth, Oct. 2000.
58. E. Pampalk, S. Dixon, and G. Widmer, "On the Evaluation of Perceptual Similarity Measures for Music," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), London, Sep. 2003.
59. J. Burred and A. Lerch, "A Hierarchical Approach to Automatic Musical Genre Classification," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), London, Sep. 2003.
60. G. Tzanetakis and P. Cook, "Musical Genre Classification of Audio Signals," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 293-302, 2002. DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2002.800560.
61. M. McKinney and J. Breebart, "Features for Audio and Music Classification," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Baltimore, Oct. 2003.
62. S. Young, G. Evermann, T. Hain, D. Kershaw, G. Moore, J. Odell, D. Ollason, D. Povey, V. Valtchev, and P. Woodland, THE HTK BOOK, 2002. DOI: 10.1.1.124. 3972.
63. S. Molau, M. Pitz, R. Schliiter, and H. Ney, "Computing Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients on the Power Spectrum," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. (ICASSP), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2001, pp. 73-76, ISBN: 0-7803-7041-4. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2001.940770.
64. N. Jayant and P. Noll, Digital Coding of Waveforms - Principles and Applications to Speech and Video, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1984.
65. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 11172-3:1993, "Information Technology - Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media up to about 1.5 Mbit/s - Part 3: Audio," ISO/IEC, Standard, 1993.
66. S. Aksoy and R. M. Haralick, "Feature Normalization and Likelihood-Based Similarity Measures for Image Retrieval," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 563-582, Apr. 2001, ISSN: 01678655. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8655(00)00112-4.
67. G. Box and D. Cox, "An Analysis of Transformations," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, vol. Series B, no. 26, pp. 211-246, 1964.
68. S. Albada and P. Robinson, "Transformation of Arbitrary Distributions to the Normal Distribution with Applications to EEG Test-Retest Reliability," Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 205-211, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j. jneumeth.2006.11.004.
69. S. Shapiro and M. Wilk, "An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples)," Biometrica, vol. 52, no. 3/4, pp. 591-611, 1965.
70. T. Anderson and D. Darling, "Asymptotic Theory of Certain "Goodness of Fit" Criteria Based on Stochastic Processes," Annals of Mathematical Statistics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 193-212,1952. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/l 177729437.
71. H. Thode, Testing for Normality. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002, ISBN: 08247-9613-6.
72. J. Miles and M. Shevlin, Applying Regression & Correlation: A Guide for Students and Researchers. London: Sage Publications, 2001, ISBN: 0761962298.
73. F. Morchen, A. Ultsch, M. Thies, and I. Lohken, "Modeling Timbre Distance with Temporal Statistics from Polyphonic Music," Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 81-90, Jan. 2006, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2005.860352.
74. S. Wegener, M. Haller, J. Burred, T. Sikora, S. Essid, and G. Richard, "On the Robustness of Audio Features for Musical Instrument Classification," in Proceedings of the 16th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Lausanne, Aug. 2008.
75. R. Fiebrink and I. Fujinaga, "Feature Selection Pitfalls and Music Classification," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Victoria, 2006.
76. I. Guyon and A. Elisseeff, "An Introduction to Variable and Feature Selection," Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 3, pp. 1157-1182, 2003.
77. E. Cantu-Paz, S. Newsam, and C. Kamath, "Feature Selection in Scientific Applications," in Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), Seattle, Aug. 2004. DOI: 10.1145/1014052.1016915.
78. S. S. Stevens, Hearing - Its Psychology and Physiology, 1983 reprint. New York: American Institute of Physics for the Acoustical Society of America, 1938.
79. S. S. Stevens, "The Measurement of Loudness," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 815-829, 1955. DOI: 10.1121/1.1908048.
80. H. Fletcher and W. A. Munson, "Loudness, Its Definition, Measurement and Calculation," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 5, no. 2, p. 82, 1933, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1915637.
81. H. Fletcher, "Auditory Patterns," Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 4765, 1940. DOi: 10.1103/RevModPhys. 12.47.
82. S. S. Stevens, J. Volkmann, and E. B. Newman, "A Scale for the Measurement of the Psychological Magnitude Pitch," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 185-190, 1937, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.191589 3.
83. B. Moore and B. Glasberg, "Suggested Formulae for Calculating Auditory-Filter Bandwidths and Excitation Patterns," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 750-753, 1983. DOI: 10.1121/1.389861.
84. T. Nakamura, "The Communication of Dynamics between Musicians and Listeners through Musical Performance," Perception & Psychophysics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 525-533, 1987. DOI: 10.3758/BF03210487.
85. W. Goebl and R. Bresin, "Measurement and Reproduction Accuracy of Computer-Controlled Grand Pianos," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 2273-2283,2003. DOI: 10.1121/1.1605387.
86. R. B. Dannenberg, "The Interpretation of MIDI Velocity," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), New Orleans, Nov. 2006.
87. T. Taguti, "Mapping a Physical Correlate of Loudness into the Velocity Space of MIDI-Controlled Piano Tones," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
88. IEC 61672:2002, "Electroacoustics - Sound Level Meters - Parti: Specifications," IEC, Standard, 2002.
89. ITU-R BS. 1770:2006, "Algorithms to Measure Audio Programme Loudness and True-Peak Audio Level," ITU, Recommendation, 2006.
90. ITU-R BS.468:1986, "Measurement of Audio-Frequency Noise Voltage Level in Sound," ITU, Recommendation, 1986.
91. U. Zölzer, Digitale Audiosignalverarbeitung, 2nd. Stuttgart: Teubner, 1997.
92. G. Soulodre and S. Norcross, "Objective Measures of Loudness," in Proceedings of the 115th Audio Engineering Society Convention, Preprint 5896, New York: Audio Engineering Society (AES), Oct. 2003.
93. DIN 45631:1991, "Berechnung des Lautstärkepegels und der Lautheit aus dem Geräuschspektrum," DIN, Standard, 1991.
94. EBU - Recommendation R128, "Loudness Normalisation and Permitted Maximum Level of Audio Signals," EBU, Recommendation, 2010.
95. B. J. Shannon and K. K. Paliwal, "A Comparative Study of Filter Bank Spacing for Speech Recognition," in Proceedings of Microelectronic Engineering Research Conference, Brisbane, Nov. 2003.
96. J. Burred and T. Sikora, "On the Use of Auditory Representations for Sparsity-Based Sound Source Separation," in 5th International Conference on Information Communications & Signal Processing, Bangkok: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2005, pp. 1466-1470, ISBN: 0-7803-9283-3. DOI: 10.1109/ICICS.2005.1689302.
97. S. S. Stevens and J. Volkmann, "The Relation of Pitch to Frequency: A Revised Scale," The American Journal of Psychology, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 329-353. 1940. DOI: 10.2307/1417526.
98. R. J. Siegel, "A Replication of the Mel Scale of Pitch," The American Journal of Psychology, vol. 78, no. 4, p. 615, Dec. 1965, ISSN: 00029556. DOI: 10.2307/ 1420924.
99. G. Fant, Speech Sounds and Features. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1973, ISBN: 0-26206051-5.
100. D. O'Shaughnessy, Speech Communication: Human and Machine, reprint. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987, ISBN: 978-0-201-16520-3.
101. S Umesh, L Cohen, and D Nelson, "Fitting the Mel Scale," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (1CASSP99), Phoenix: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1999, pp. 217-220, ISBN: 0-7803-5041-3. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP. 1999.758101.
102. M. R. Schroeder, B. S. Atal, and J. L. Hall, "Optimizing Digital Speech Coders by Exploiting Masking Properties of the Human Ear," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 1647-1652, 1979. DOI: 10.1121/1. 383662.
103. E. Terhardt, "Calculating Virtual Pitch," Hearing Research, vol. 1, pp. 155-182, 1979. DOi: 10.1016/0378-5955(79)90025-X.
104. E. Zwicker and E. Terhardt, "Analytical expressions for critical-band rate and critical bandwidth as a function of frequency," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 1523-1525, 1980. DOI: 10.1121/1.385079.
105. H. Traunmiiller, "Analytical Expressions for the Tonotopic Sensory Scale," in, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 97-100, Jul. 1990, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.399849.
106. E. Terhardt, "The SPINC Function for Scaling of Frequency in Auditory Models," Acústica, vol. 77, pp. 40-42, 1992.
107. D. D. Greenwood, "Critical Bandwidth and the Frequency Coordinates of the Basilar Membrane," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 33, no. 10, p. 1344, 1961, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1908437.
108. R. N. Shepard, "Circularity in Judgments of Relative Pitch," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 36, no. 12, p. 2346, 1964, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1919362.
109. D. Deutsch, K. Dooley, and T. Henthorn, "Pitch Circularity from Tones Comprising Full Harmonic Series.," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 589-597, Jul. 2008, ISSN: 1520-8524. DOI: 10.1121/1.2931957.
110. ISO 16:1975, "Acoustics - Standard Tuning Frequency (Standard Musical Pitch)," ISO, Standard, 1975.
111. E. Briner, Musikinstrumentenfiihrer, 3rd. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam, 1998.
112. Y. Zhu, M. S. Kankanhalli, and S. Gao, "Music Key Detection for Musical Audio," in Proceedings of the 11th International Multimedia Modelling Conference, Melbourne, Jan. 2005. DOI: 10.1109/MMMC.2005.56.
113. A. Lerch, "On the Requirement of Automatic Tuning Frequency Estimation," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Victoria, Oct. 2006.
114. W. A. Sethares, Tuning, Timbre, Spectrum, Scale. London: Springer, 2005, ISBN: 978-1-85233-797-1.
115. M. Schoen, The Psychology of Music, New York: Ronald Press, 1940.
116. N. H. Fletcher, "Acoustical Correlates of Flute Performance Technique," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 233-237, 1975. DOI: 10.1121/1.380430.
117. N. H. Fletcher and T. D. Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd. New York: Springer, 1998, ISBN: 9780387983745.
118. B Yegnanarayana, C. D'Alessandro, and V. Darsinos, "An Iterative Algorithm for Decomposition of Speech Signals into Periodic and Aperiodic Components," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 1998, ISSN: 10636676. DOI: 10.1109/89.650304.
119. T. W. Parsons, "Separation of Speech from Interfering Speech by Means of Harmonic Selection," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 60, no. 4, p. 911, 1976, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.381172.
120. E. Terhardt, G. Stoll, and M. Seewann, "Algorithm for Extraction of Pitch and Pitch Salience from Complex Tonal Signals," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 71, no. 3, p. 679, 1982, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1. 387544.
121. X. Serra, "A System for Sound Analysis/Transformation/Synthesis Based on a Deterministic Plus Stochastic Decomposition," Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, 1989.
122. G. Peeters and X. Rodet, "Signal Characterization in Terms of Sinusoidal and Non-Sinusoidal Components," in Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Barcelona, 1998.
123. M. Lagrange, S. Marchand, and J.-B. Rault, "Sinusoidal Parameter Extraction and Component Selection in a Non Stationary Model," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Hamburg, 2002.
124. M. R. Every, "Separation of Musical Sources and Structure from Single-Channel Polyphonic Recordings," Dissertation, University of York, 2006.
125. A. Röbel, M. Zivanovic, and X. Rodet, "Signal Decomposition by Means of Classification of Spectral Peaks," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (1CMC), Miami: International Computer Music Association (ICMA), 2004.
126. M. Kulesza and A. Czyzewski, "Frequency Based Criterion for Distinguishing Tonal and Noisy Spectral Components," International Journal of Computer Science and Security, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1, Mar. 2010.
127. S. Haykin, Neural Networks - A Comprehensive Foundation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994, ISBN: 0-02-352761-7.
128. L. Rabiner and R. Schäfer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1978.
129. A. Röbel and X. Rodet, "Efficient Spectral Envelope Estimation and Its Application to Pitch Shifting and Envelope Preservation," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Madrid, Sep. 2005.
130. M. J. Ross, H. L. Shaffer, A. Cohen, R. Freudberg, and H. J. Manley, "Average Magnitude Difference Function Pitch Extractor," Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 353-362, Oct. 1974, ISSN: 00963518. DOi: 10.1109/TASSP. 1974.1162598.
131. A. Cheveigne and H. Kawahara, "YIN, a Fundamental Frequency Estimator for Speech and Music," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. III, no. 4, pp. 1917-1930, 2002, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1458024.
132. T. Shimamura and H. Kobayashi, "Weighted Autocorrelation for Pitch Extraction of Noisy Speech," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 727-730, 2001, ISSN: 10636676. DOI: 10.1109/89.952490.
133. M. R. Schroeder, "Period Histogram and Product Spectrum: New Methods for Fundamental-Frequency Measurement," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 43, no. 4, p. 829, 1968, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1910902.
134. A. M. Noll, "Pitch Determination of Human Speech by the Harmonic Product Spectrum, the Harmonic Sum Spectrum, and a Maximum Likelihood Estimate," in Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Processing in Communications, vol. 19, Brooklyn: Polytechnic Press of the University of Brooklyn, 1969, pp. 779-797.
135. A. M. Noll, "Short-Time Spectrum and "Cepstrum" Techniques for Vocal-Pitch Detec- tion," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 36, no. 2, p. 296, 1964, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1918949.
136. R. Meddis and L. O'Mard, "A Unitary Model of Pitch Perception," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 1811-20, Sep. 1997, ISSN: 0001-4966. DOI: 10.1121/1.420088.
137. A. Klapuri, "Auditory Model-Based Methods for Multiple Fundamental Frequency Estimation," in Signal Processing Methods for Music Transcription, A. Klapuri and M. Davy, Eds., Berlin: Springer, 2006, pp. 229-265. DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32845-9\_8.
138. C. Chafe, D. Jaffe, K. Kashima, B. Mont-Reynaud, and J. O. Smith, "Techniques for Note Identification in Polyphonic Music," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), International Computer Music Association (ICMA), 1985.
139. A. Klapuri, T. Virtanen, and J.-M. Holm, "Robust Multipitch Estimation for the Analysis and Manipulation of Polyphonic Musical Signals," in Proceedings of COST-G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Verona, Dec. 2000.
140. A. P. Klapuri, "Multipitch Estimation and Sound Separation by the Spectral Smoothness Principle," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 804-816, Nov. 2003, ISSN: 1063-6676. DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2003.815516.
141. A. Cheveigne and H. Kawahara, "Multiple Period Estimation and Pitch Perception Model," Speech Communication, vol. 27, pp. 175-185,1999. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6393(98)00074-0.
142. A. Cheveigne, "Multiple fO estimation," in Computational Auditory Scene Analysis, D. Wang and G. Brown, Eds., Hoboken, NJ: IEEE Press/Wiley, 2006, pp. 4579. DOI: 10.1109/9780470043387.ch2.
143. R. Meddis and M. J. Hewitt, "Modeling the Identification of Concurrent Vowels with Different Fundamental Frequencies," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 233-245, Jan. 1992, ISSN: 0001-4966. DOI: 10.1121/1.402767.
144. M. Karjalainen and T. Tolonen, "Multi-Pitch and Periodicity Analysis Model for Sound Separation and Auditory Scene Analysis," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Phoenix: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Mar. 1999. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.759824.
145. A. Klapuri, "A Perceptually Motivated Multiple-FO Estimation Method," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Oct. 2005. DOI: 10.1109/ASPAA.2005.1540227.
146. H. Kameoka, T. Nishimoto, and S. Sagayama, "A Multipitch Analyzer Based on Harmonic Temporal Structured Clustering," Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 982-994, Mar. 2007, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TASL.2006.885248.
147. D. D. Lee and H. S. Seung, "Algorithms for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 13, pp. 556-562, 2001.
148. P. Smaragdis and J. C. Brown, "Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Polyphonic Music Transcription," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA)), New Paltz: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2003, ISBN: 0-7803-7850-4. DOI: 10.1109/ ASPAA.2003.1285860.
149. E. Scheirer, "Extracting Expressive Performance Information from Recorded Music," Master's Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sep. 1995.
150. S. Dixon, "A Dynamic Modelling Approach to Music Recognition," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Hong Kong, Aug. 1996.
151. M. Ryynänen, "Probabilistic Modelling of Note Events in the Transcription of Monophonic Melodies," Master's Thesis, Tampere University of Technology, Mar. 2004.
152. K. Dressier and S. Streich, "Tuning Frequency Estimation using Circular Statistics," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Vienna, Sep. 2007.
153. A. Lerch, "Ein Ansatz zur automatischen Erkennung der Tonart in Musikdateien," in Proceedings of the VDT International Audio Convention (23. Tonmeistertagung), Leipzig, Nov. 2004.
154. M. Riedmiller and H. Braun, "A Direct Adaptive Method for Faster Backpropaga-tion Learning: The RPROP Algorithm," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks, San Francisco: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Mar. 1993. DOI: 10.1109/ICNN. 1993.298623.
155. C. Krumhansl, Cognitive Foundations of Musical Pitch, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
156. M. A. Bartsch and G. H. Wakefield, "To Catch a Chorus: Using Chroma-Based Representations for Audio Thumbnailing," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Oct. 2001. DOI: 10.1109/ ASPAA.2001.969531.
157. G. Tzanetakis, A. Ermolinskyi, and P. Cook, "Pitch Histograms in Audio and Symbolic Music Information Retrieval," in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Paris, Oct. 2002.
158. M. Cremer and C. Derboven, "A System for Harmonic Analysis of Polyphonic Music," in Proceedings of the 25th International Audio Engineering Society Conference: Metadata for Audio, Audio Engineering Society (AES), 2004.
159. A. V. Oppenheim, D. H. Johnson, and K Steiglitz, "Computation of Spectra with Unequal Resolution Using the Fast Fourier Transform," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 299-301, 1971, ISSN: 0018-9219. DOI: 10.1109/PROC. 1971. 8146.
160. H. Purwins, B. Blankertz, and K. Obermayer, "A New Method for Tracking Modulations in Tonal Music in Audio Data Format," in IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'OO), vol. 6, Como: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2000, pp. 6270-6275. DOI: 10. 1109/IJCNN.2000.859408.
161. H. Papadopoulos and G. Peeters, "Large-Scale Study of Chord Estimation Algorithms Based on Chroma Representation and HMM," in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI), Bordeaux, 2007. DOI: 10.1109/CBMI.2007.385392.
162. J. Weil and J.-L. Durrieu, "An HMM-Based Audio Chord Detection System Attenuating the Main Melody," in Proceedings of the Music Information Retrieval EXchange (MIREX) at the 9th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISM1R), Philadelphia, Sep. 2008.
163. J. Pauwels, M. Varewyck, and J.-P. Martens, "Audio Chord Extraction Using a Probabilistic Model," in Proceedings of the Music Information Retrieval EXchange (MIREX) at the 9th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (IS-MIR), Philadelphia, Sep. 2008.
164. J. Bello and J. Pickens, "A Robust Mid-level Representation for Harmonic Content in Music Signals," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), London, Sep. 2005.
165. C. A. Harte, M. B. Sandler, and M. Gasser, "Detecting Harmonic Change in Musical Audio," in Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Audio and Music Computing Multimedia (AMCMM), Santa Barbara: ACM, Oct. 2006. DOI: 10.1145/ 1178723.1178727.
166. S. Pauws, "Musical Key Extraction from Audio," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Barcelona, Oct. 2004.
167. M. Varewyck, J. Pauwels, and J.-P. Martens, "A Novel Chroma Representation of Polyphonic Music Based on Multiple Pitch Tracking Techniques," in Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), New York: ACM Press, 2008, p. 667. DOI: 10.1145/1459359.1459455.
168. M. P. Ryynänen and A. P. Klapuri, "Automatic Transcription of Melody, Bass Line, and Chords in Polyphonic Music," Computer Music Journal, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 7286, Sep. 2008, ISSN: 0148-9267. DOI: 10.1162/comj.2008.32.3.72.
169. D. Temperley, "The Tonal Properties of Pitch-Class Sets: Tonal Implication, Tonal Ambiguity, and Tonalness," Computing in Musicology, vol. 15, pp. 24-38, 2007.
170. A. J. Milne, W. A. Sethares, R. Laney, and D. B. Sharp, "Modelling the Similarity of Pitch Collections with Expectation Tensors," Journal of Mathematics and Music, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-20, Mar. 2011, ISSN: 1745-9737. DOI: 10.1080/17459737. 2011.573671
171. E. Chew, "Towards a Mathematical Model of Tonality," Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998.
172. C.-H. Chuan and E. Chew, "Polyphonic Audio Key Finding Using the Spiral Array CEG Algorithm," in International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2005, pp. 21-24, ISBN: 0-78039331-7. DOI: 10.1109/ICME.2005.1521350.
173. G. Gatzsche, M. Mehnert, and C. Stöcklmeier, "Interaction with Tonal Pitch Spaces," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), Genova, Jun. 2008.
174. O. Izmirli, "Template Based Key Finding from Audio," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Barcelona, Sep. 2005.
175. K. Lee and M. Slaney, "Automatic Chord Recognition from Audio Using a Supervised HMM Trained with Audio-from-Symbolic Data," in Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Audio and Music Computing Multimedia (AMCMM), Santa Barbara: ACM, Oct. 2006. DOI: 10.1145/1178723.1178726.
176. K. Lee and M. Slaney, "A Unified System for Chord Transcription and Key Extraction Using Hid- den Markov Models," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Vienna, Sep. 2007.
177. E. W. Large and C. Palmer, "Perceiving Temporal Regularity in Music," Cognitive Science, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-37, Jan. 2002, ISSN: 03640213. DOI: 10.1207/sl551 6709cog2601\_l.
178. M. Wright, "The Shape of an Instant: Measuring and Modeling Perceptual Attack Time with Probability Density Functions," Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, 2008.
179. J. Bello, L. Daudet, S. Abdallah, C. Duxbury, M. Davies, and M. Sandler, "A Tutorial on Onset Detection in Music Signals," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 13, no. 5 Part 2, pp. 1035-1047, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2005. 851998.
180. B. H. Repp, "Patterns of Note Onset Asynchronies in Expressive Piano Performance," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 3917-3932, 1996. DOI: 10.1121/1.417245.
181. J. W. Gordon, "Perception of Attack Transients in Musical Tones," Dissertation, Stanford University, Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford, 1984.
182. I. J. Hirsh, "Auditory Perception of Temporal Order," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 759-767, 1959. DOI: 10.1121/1. 1907782.
183. A. Friberg and J. Sundberg, "Perception of Just Noticeable Time Displacement of a Tone Presented in a Metrical Sequence at Different Tempos," STL-QPSR, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 97-108, 1992. DOI: 10.1121/1.407650.
184. B. H. Repp, "Diversity and Commonality in Music Performance: An Analysis of Timing Microstructure in Schumann's "Träumerei"," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 2546-2568, 1992. DOI: 10.1121/1. 404425.
185. P. Levau, L. Daudet, and G. Richard, "Methodology and Tools for the Evaluation of Automatic Onset Detection Algorithms in Music," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Barcelona, Oct. 2004.
186. R. A. Rasch, "Synchronization in Performed Ensemble Music," Acustica, vol. 43, pp. 121-131, 1979.
187. L. Shaffer, "Timing in Solo and Duet Piano Performances," The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 36A, pp. 577-595, 1984. DOI: 10.1080/1464074 8408402180.
188. P. Desain and H. Honing, "Tempo Curves Considered Harmful," Time in Contemporary Musical Thought, Contemporary Music Review, vol. 7, no. 2, J. D. Kramer, Ed., pp. 123-138, 1993. DOI: 10.1080/07494469300640081.
189. F. Lerdahl and R. Jackendorf, A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1983, ISBN: 978-0-262-62107-6.
190. C. Uhle and J. Herre, "Estimation of Tempo, Micro Time and Time Signature from Percussive Music," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), London, 2003.
191. R. Parncutt, "Accents and Expression in Piano Performance," in Perspektiven und Methoden einer Systemischen Musikwissenschaft, K. W. Niemöller, Ed., Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 2003.
192. A. Gabrielsson, "The Performance of Music," in The Psychology of Music, D. Deutsch, Ed., 2nd, San Diego: Academic Press, 1999.
193. B. Repp, "On Determining the Basic Tempo of an Expressive Music Performance," Psychology of Music, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 157-167, 1994. DOI: 10.1177/030573569 4222005.
194. W. Goebl and S. Dixon, "Analysis of Tempo Classes in Performances of Mozart Sonatas," in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Systematic and Comparative Musicology (ISSCM). 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Musicology (ICCM), H Lappalainen, Ed., Jyvääskyla, Jun. 2001.
195. M. F. McKinney and D. Moelants. "Deviations from the Resonance Theory of Tempo Induction," in Proceedings of the Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology, R. Parncutt, A Kessler, and F Zimmer, Eds., Graz, 2004.
196. P. Desain, "A (De)Composable Theory of Rhythm Perception," Music Perception, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 439-54, 1992.
197. V. Iyer, J. Bilmes, M. Wright, and D. L. Wessel, "A Novel Representation for Rhythmic Structure," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Thessaloniki: International Computer Music Association (ICMA), 1997, pp. 1-5.
198. L. Hofmann-Engl, "Rhythmic Similarity: A Theoretical and Empirical Approach," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), Sydney, 2002, pp. 564-567.
199. S. Dixon, "Onset Detection Revisited," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Montreal, Sep. 2006.
200. J. Foote, "Automatic Audio Segmentation Using a Measure of Audio Novelty," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Jul. 2000, pp. 452-155. DOI: 10.1109/ICME.2000.869637.
201. S. Hainsworth and M. Macleod, "Onset Detection in Musical Audio Signals," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Singapore, Sep. 2003.
202. W. A. Schloss, "On the Automatic Transcription of Percussive Music - From Acoustic Signal to High-Level Analysis," Dissertation, Stanford University, Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford, 1985.
203. E. D. Scheirer, "Tempo and Beat Analysis of Acoustic Musical Signals," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 588-601, 1998. DOI: 10.1121/1.421129.
204. A. Klapuri, "Sound Onset Detection by Applying Psychoacoustic Knowledge," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Phoenix: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Mar. 1999. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.757494.
205. J. Laroche, "Efficient Tempo and Beat Tracking in Audio Recordings," Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 226-233, 2003.
206. C. Duxbury, J. Bello, M. Davies, and M. Sandler, "Complex Domain Onset Detection for Musical Signals," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), London, Oct. 2003.
207. J. Bello, G. Monti, and M. Sandler, "Phase-Based Note Onset Detection for Music Signals," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 5, Hong Kong: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Mar. 2003. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2003.1200001.
208. M. Goto and Y. Muraoka, "Music Understanding at the Beat Level - Real-Time Beat Tracking for Audio Signals," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (IJCAI), Montreal, Aug. 1995.
209. A. Robel, "Onset Detection in Polyphonic Signals by means of Transient Peak Classification," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), London, Sep. 2005.
210. R. Zhou and J. Reiss, "Music Onset Detection Combining Energy-Based and Pitch-Based Approaches," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Vienna, Sep. 2007.
211. T. Fawcett, "An Introduction to ROC Analysis," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 861-874, Jun. 2006, ISSN: 01678655. DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2005. 10.010.
212. A. T. Cemgil, P. Desain, and B. Kappen, "Rhythm Quantization for Transcription," Computer Music Journal, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 60-76, 2000. DOI: 10.1162/01489260 0559218.
213. R. Liu, N. Griffith, J. Walker, and P. Murphy, "Time Domain Note Average Energy Based Music Onset Detection," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
214. A. Lerch and L. Klich, "On the Evaluation of Automatic Onset Tracking Systems," zplane.development, Berlin, White Paper, 2005, Last retrieved on Dec. 12, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.zplane.de/downloads/onset_eval.pdf.
215. A. Cemgil, B. Kappen, P. Desain, and H. Honing, "On Tempo Tracking: Tempogram Representation and Kalman Filtering," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 259-273, 2001. DOI: 10.1080/09298210008565462.
216. J. Berkson, "Tests of Significance Considered as Evidence," Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 37, no. 219, pp. 325-335, 1942. DOI: 10.2307/ 2279000.
217. J. Foote and S. Uchihashi, "The Beat Spectrum: A New Approach to Rhythm Analysis," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), Tokyo: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Aug. 2001, pp. 881-884. DOI: 10.1109/ICME.2001.1237863.
218. J. Burred and A. Lerch, "Hierarchical Automatic Audio Signal Classification," Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), vol. 52, no. 7/8, pp. 724-739, 2004.
219. P. E. Allen and R. B. Dannenberg, "Tracking Musical Beats in Real Time," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Glasgow, Sep. 1990, pp. 140-143.
220. E. Large, "Beat Tracking with a Nonlinear Oscillator," in Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (UCAI), Montreal, Aug. 1995.
221. D. Rosenthal, M. Goto, and Y. Muraoka, "Rhythm Tracking Using Multiple Hypotheses," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Aarhus, Sep. 1994.
222. M. Goto and Y. Muraoka, "Beat Tracking Based on Multiple-agent Architecture - A Real-time Beat Tracking System for Audio Signals," in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multiagent Systems (1CMAS), Dec. 1996.
223. M. Goto and Y. Muraoka, "Real-Time Beat Tracking for Drumless Audio Signals: Chord Change De- tection for Musical Decisions," Speech Communication, vol. 27, pp. 311-335, 1999. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6393(98)00076-4.
224. A. P. Klapuri, "Musical Meter Estimation and Music Transcription," in Proceedings of the Cambridge Music Processing Colloquium, Cambridge, 2003.
225. S. Dixon, "A Beat Tracking System for Audio Signals," in Proceedings of the Conference on Mathematical and Computational Methods in Music, Vienna, Dec. 1999.
226. S. Dixon, "A Lightweight Multi-Agent Musical Beat Tracking System," in Proceed- ings of the Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRI-CAI), Melbourne, Aug. 2000. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44533-1\_77.
227. S. Dixon and E. Cambouropoulos, "Beat Tracking with Musical Knowledge," in Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECA1), Berlin, Aug. 2000.
228. B. Meudic, "A Causal Algorithm for Beat Tracking," in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Understanding and Creating Music, Caserta, Nov. 2002.
229. F. Gouyon and P. Herrera, "A Beat Induction Method for Musical Audio Signals," in Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS), London, Apr. 2003. DOI: 10.1142/978981270433 7\_0051.
230. G. Peeters, "Time Variable Tempo Detection and Beat Marking," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Barcelona, Sep. 2005.
231. A. Viterbi, "Error Bounds for Convolutional Codes and an Asymptotically Optimum Decoding Algorithm," Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 13, pp. 260-269, 1967. DOI: 10.1109/TIT. 1967.1054010.
232. J. Brown, "Determination of the Meter of Musical Scores by Autocorrelation," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 1953-1957, 1993. DOI: 10.1121/1.407518.
233. P. Toiviainen and T. Eerola, "Autocorrelation in Meter Induction: The Role of Accent Structure," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 1164-1170, 2006. DOI: 10.1121/1.2146084.
234. B. Escaloña-Espinosa, "Downbeat and Meter Estimation in Audio Signals," Master's Thesis, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2008.
235. H. Sakoe and S. Chiba, "Dynamic Programming Algorithm Optimization for Spoken Word Recognition," Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 43-19, 1978. DOI: 10.1109/TASSP.1978.1163055.
236. M. Müller, Information Retrieval for Music and Notion. Berlin: Springer, 2007, ISBN: 978-3-540-74047-6.
237. F. Itakura, "Minimum Prediction Residual Principle Applied to Speech Recognition," Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 67-72, Feb. 1975, ISSN: 0096-3518. DOI: 10.1109/TASSP. 1975.1162641.
238. S. Dixon and G. Widmer, "MATCH: A Music Alignment Tool Chest," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), London, Sep. 2005.
239. R. Turetsky and D. Ellis, "Ground-Truth Transcriptions of Real Music from Force-Aligned MIDI Syntheses," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Baltimore, Oct. 2003.
240. M. Müller, H. Mattes, and F. Kurth, "An Efficient Multiscale Approach to Audio Synchronization," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Victoria, Oct. 2006.
241. N. Hu, R. B. Dannenberg, and G. Tzanetakis, "Polyphonic Audio Matching and Alignment for Music Retrieval," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Oct. 2003. DOI: 10.1109/ASPAA. 2003.1285862.
242. H. Kirchhoff and A. Lerch, "Evaluation of Features for Audio-to-Audio Alignment," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 27-41, 2011. DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2010.529917.
243. G. Evangelista, "Time and Frequency Warping Musical Signals," in DAFX - Digital Audio Effects, U. Zölzer, Ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2002, ch. 11, pp. 439-463, ISBN: 0-471-49078-4.
244. F. Soulez, X. Rodet, and D. Schwarz, "Improving Polyphonic and Poly-Instrumental Music to Score Alignment," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Baltimore, Oct. 2003.
245. R. B. Dannenberg, "An On-Line Algorithm for Real-Time Accompaniment," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Paris, 1984.
246. B. Vercoe, "The Synthetic Performer in the Context of Live Performance," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Paris, 1984, pp. 199-200.
247. J. J. Bloch and R. B. Dannenberg, "Real-Time Computer Accompaniment of Keyboard Performances," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Vancouver, Oct. 1985.
248. R. B. Dannenberg and H. Mukaino, "New Techniques for Enhanced Quality of Computer Accompaniment," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Cologne, Sep. 1988.
249. B. Vercoe and M. Puckette, "Synthetic Rehearsal: Training the Synthetic Performer," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Vancouver, 1985, pp. 275-278.
250. B. Baird, D. Blevins, and N. Zahler, "The Artificially Intelligent Computer Performer: The Second Generation," Interface - Journal of New Music Research, vol. 19, pp. 197-204, 1990. DOI: 10.1080/09298219008570566.
251. B. Baird, D. Blevins, "Artificial Intelligence and Music: Implementing an Interactive Computer Performer," Computer Music Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 73-79, 1993.
252. H. Heijink, "Matching Scores and Performances," M.A. Thesis, Nijmegen University, Jun. 1996.
253. P. Desain, H. Honing, and H. Heijink, "Robust Score-Performance Matching: Taking Advantage of Structural Information," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Thessaloniki: International Computer Music Association (ICMA), Sep. 1997.
254. M. Puckette and C. Lippe, "Score Following in Practice," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), San Francisco, 1992.
255. M. Puckette, "Score Following Using the Sung Voice," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Banff, 1995.
256. J. D. Vantomme, "Score Following by Temporal Pattern," Computer Music Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 50-59, 1995.
257. L. Grubb and R. Dannenberg, "A Stochastic Method of Tracking a Vocal Performer," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Thessaloniki, Sep. 1997.
258. L. Grubb and R. B. Dannenberg, "Enhanced Vocal Performance Tracking Using Multiple Information Sources," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Ann Arbor, Oct. 1998.
259. C. Raphael, "Automatic Segmentation of Acoustic Musical Signals Using Hidden Markov Models," Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 360-370, 1999. DOI: 10.1109/34.761266.
260. C. Raphael, "A Probabilistic Expert System for Automatic Musical Accompaniment," Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 487-512, 2001. DOI: 10.1198/106186001317115081.
261. C. Raphael, "A Hybrid Graphical Model for Aligning Polyphonic Audio with Musical Scores," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Barcelona, Oct. 2004.
262. P. Cano, A. Loscos, and J. Bonada, "Score-Performance Matching Using HMMs," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Beijing, Oct. 1999.
263. N. Orio and F. Dechelle, "Score Following Using Spectral Analysis and Hidden Markov Models," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Habana, Sep. 2001.
264. N. Orio, S. Lemouton, and D. Schwarz, "Score Following: State of the Art and New Developments," in Proceedings of the Conference of New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), Montreal, May 2003.
265. A. Cont, "Realtime Audio to Score Alignment for Polyphonic Music Instruments Using Sparse Non-Negative Constraints and Hierarchical HMMs," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 5, Toulouse: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), May 2006. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2006.1661258.
266. E. Large, "Dynamic Programming for the Analysis of Serial Behaviors," Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 238-241, 1993. DOi: 10.3758/BF03204504.
267. N. Orio and D. Schwarz, "Alignment of Monophonic and Polyphonic Music to a Score," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Habana, Sep. 2001.
268. Y. Meron and K. Hirose, "Automatic Alignment of a Musical Score to Performed Music," Acoustical Science & Technology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 189-198, 2001. DOI: 10.1250/ast.22.189.
269. V. Arifi, "Algorithmen zur Synchronisation von Musikdateien im Partitur-, MIDI-und PCM-Format," Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, 2002.
270. V. Arifi, M. Clausen, F. Kurth, and M. Müller, "Score-PCM Music Synchronization Based on Extracted Score Parameters," in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval (CMMR), Trond-heim, Jun. 2004. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-31807-l\_15.
271. R. B. Dannenberg and N. Hu, "Polyphonic Audio Matching for Score Following and Intelligent Audio Editors," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Singapore, Sep. 2003.
272. S. Shalev-Shwartz, J. Keshet, and Y. Singer, "Learning to Align Polyphonic Music," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Barcelona, Oct. 2004.
273. M. Müller, F. Kurth, and T. Röder, "Towards an Efficient Algorithm for Automatic Score-to-Audio Synchronization," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Barcelona, Oct. 2004.
274. A. Lerch, Software-Based Extraction of Objective Parameters from Music Performances. München: GRIN, 2009, ISBN: 978-3-640-29496-1.
275. J. Saunders, "Real-Time Discrimination of Broadcast Speech/Music," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Atlanta: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), May 1996. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP. 1996.543290.
276. E. Scheirer and M. Slaney, "Construction and Evaluation of a Robust Multifeature Speech/Music Discriminator," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Munich: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Apr. 1997. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP. 1997.596192.
277. G. Williams and D. Ellis, "Speech/Music Discrimination Based on Posterior Probability Features," in Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH), Budapest, Sep. 1999.
278. M. Carey, E. Parris, and H. Lloyd-Thomas, "A Comparison of Features for Speech, Music Discrimination," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Phoenix: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Mar. 1999. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP. 1999.758084.
279. K. El-Maleh, M. Klein, G. Petrucci. and P. Kabal, "Speech/Music Discrimination for Multimedia Applications," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Istanbul: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Jun. 2000. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2000. 859336.
280. E. Wold, T. Blum, D. Keislar, and J. Wheaton, "Content-Based Classification, Search, and Retrieval of Audio," IEEE Multimedia Magazine, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2736, 1996. DOI: 10.1109/93.556537.
281. J. Foote, "A Similarity Measure for Automatic Audio Classification," in Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Providence, Jul. 1997.
282. N. Scaringella, G. Zoia, and D. Mlynek, "Automatic Genre Classification of Music Content: A Survey," Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 133-141, 2006. DOI: 10.1109/MSP.2006.1598089.
283. Z. Fu, G. Lu, K. M. Ting, and D. Zhang, "A Survey of Audio-Based Music Classification and Annotation," Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 303-319, Apr. 2011, ISSN: 1520-9210. DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2010.2098858.
284. F. Pachet and D. Cazaly, "A Taxonomy of Musical Genres," in Proceedings of the Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Information Access, Paris, Apr. 2000.
285. H. Soltau, "Erkennung von Musikstilen," Diploma Thesis, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, 1997.
286. S. Lippens, J.-P. Martens, T. Mulder, and G. Tzanetakis, "A Comparison of Human and Automatic Musical Genre Classification," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Montreal: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), May 2004. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2004.1326806.
287. T Lambrou, P Kudumakis, R Speller, M. B. Sandler, and A Linney, "Classification of Audio Signals Using Statistical Features on Time and Wavelet Transform Domains," Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 6, no. Mdc, pp. 3621-3624, 1998. DOI: 10.1109/ ICASSP. 1998.679665.
288. Z. Liu, Y. Wang, and T. Chen, "Audio Feature Extraction and Analysis for Scene Classification," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, pp. 343-348, 1998. DOI: 10. 1109/MMSP. 1997.602659.
289. H. Soltau, T. Schulz, M. Westphal, and A. Waibel, "Recognition of Music Types," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Seattle: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), May 1998. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1998.675470.
290. R. B. Dannenberg, B. Thorn, and D. Watson, "A Machine Learning Approach to Musical Style Recognition," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Thessaloniki: International Computer Music Association (ICMA), Sep. 1997.
291. T. Zhang, "Hierarchical System for Content-Based Audio Classification and Retrieval," Proceedings ofSPIE, pp. 398-09, 1998, ISSN: 0277786X. DOI: 10.1117/ 12.325832.
292. S. Z. Li, "Content-Based Audio Classification and Retrieval Using the Nearest Feature Line Method," Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 619-625, 2000, ISSN: 10636676. DOI: 10.1109/89.861383.
293. S. Dixon, E. Pampalk, and G. Widmer, "Classification of Dance Music by Periodicity Patterns," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), pp. 1-7, Oct. 2003.
294. G. Tzanetakis, R. Jones, and K. McNally, "Stereo Panning Features for Classifying Recording Production Style," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Vienna, 2007, pp. 441-444.
295. P. Ahrendt, A. Meng, and J. Larsen, "Decision Time Horizon for Music Genre Classification Using Short Time Features," in Proceedings of the 12th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Vienna, Sep. 2004.
296. R. O. Gjerdingen and D. Perrott, "Scanning the Dial: The Rapid Recognition of Music Genres," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 93-100, Jun. 2008, ISSN: 0929-8215. DOI: 10.1080/09298210802479268.
297. G. Tzanetakis and P. Cook, "MARSYAS: A Framework for Audio Analysis," Organised Sound, vol. 4, no. 3, 2000. DOI: 10.1017/S1355771800003071.
298. G. Guo and S. Z. Li, "Content-Based Audio Classification and Retrieval by Support Vector Machines." Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 209-215, Jan. 2003, ISSN: 1045-9227. DOI: 10.1109/TNN.2002.806626.
299. A. Flexer, "A Closer Look on Artist Filters for Musical Genre Classification," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Vienna, 2007.
300. M. A. Pitt and C. B. Monahan, "The Perceived Similarity of Auditory Polyrhythms," Perception & Psychophysics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 534-546, Jun. 1987, ISSN: 0031-5117. DOI: 10.3758/BF03210488.
301. E. Bigand, "Abstraction of Two Forms of Underlying Structure in a Tonal Melody," Psychology of Music, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 45-59, Apr. 1990, ISSN: 0305-7356. DOI: 10.1177/0305735690181004.
302. C. L. Krumhansl, "Memory for Musical Surface," Memory & Cognition, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 401-111, Jul. 1991, ISSN: 0090-502X. DOI: 10.3758/BF03197145.
303. J. C. Bartlett, "Scale Structure and Similarity of Melodies," Music Perception, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 285-314, 1988.
304. T. Eerola, T. Jarvinen, J. Louhivuori, and P. Toiviainen, "Statistical Features and Perceived Similarity of Folk Melodies," Music Perception, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 275-296, Mar. 2001, ISSN: 0730-7829. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2001.18.3.275.
305. A. Lamont and N. Dibben, "Motivic Structure and the Perception of Similarity," Music Perception, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 245-274, Mar. 2001, ISSN: 0730-7829. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2001.18.3.245.
306. R. Timmers, "Predicting the Similarity between Expressive Performances of Music from Measurements of Tempo and Dynamics," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 117, no. 1, 2005. DOI: 10.1121/1.1835504.
307. S. McAdams and D. Matzkin, "Similarity, Invariancc, and Musical Variation," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 930, no. 1, pp. 62-76, Jan. 2001, ISSN: 00778923. DOI: 10.1111/j. 1749-6632.2001.tb05725.x.
308. A. Novello, M. F. Mckinney, and A. Kohlrausch, "Perceptual Evaluation of Music Similarity," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Victoria, 2007.
309. B. Logan and A. Salomon, "A Music Similarity Function Based on Signal Analysis," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2001, pp. 745-748, ISBN: 0-7695-1198-8. DOI: 10.1109/ICME.2001.1237829.
310. J. Foote and M. Cooper, "Visualizing Musical Structure and Rhythm via Self-Similarity," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Habana, Sep. 2001.
311. J.-J. Aucouturier and F. Pachet, "Music Similarity Measures: What's the Use?," in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Paris, 2002.
312. E. Pampalk, A. Rauber, and D. Merkl, "Content-Based Organization and Visualization of Music Archives," in Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, New York: ACM Press, 2002, p. 570. DOi: 10.1145/641007. 641121.
313. T. Li and M. Ogihara, "Content-Based Music Similarity Search and Emotion Detection," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 5, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2004, pp. 705-708, ISBN: 0-7803-8484-9. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP. 2004.1327208.
314. D. Bogdanov, J. Serra, N. Wack, and P. Herrera, "From Low-Level to High-Level: Comparative Study of Music Similarity Measures," Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Multimedia, pp. 453-158, 2009. DOI: 10.1109/ISM.2009. 72.
315. F. Vignoli, "Digital Music Interaction Concepts: A User Study," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Barcelona, 2004.
316. P. R. Kleinginna and A. M. Kleinginna, "A Categorized List of Emotion Definitions, with Suggestions for a Consensual Definition," Motivation and Emotion, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 345-379, Dec. 1981, ISSN: 0146-7239. DOI: 10.1007/BF00992553.
317. H. P. Weld, "An Experimental Study of Musical Enjoyment," The American Journal of Psychology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 245-308, 1912. DOI: 10.2307/1412844.
318. K. R. Scherer, "What Are Emotions? And How Can They Be Measured?," Social Science Information, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 695-729, Dec. 2005, ISSN: 0539-0184. DOi: 10.1177/0539018405058216.
319. L. B. Meyer, Emotion and Meaning in Music, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.
320. K. R. Scherer, "Why Music Does Not Produce Basic Emotions: Pleading for a New Approach to Measuring the Emotional Effects of Music," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
321. K. R. Scherer, "Which Emotions Can Be Induced by Music? What Are the Underlying Mechanisms? And How Can We Measure Them?," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 239-251, Sep. 2004, ISSN: 0929-8215. DOI: 10.1080/ 0929821042000317822.
322. M. Zentner, D. Grandjean, and K. R. Scherer, "Emotions Evoked by the Sound of Music: Characterization, Classification, and Measurement," Emotion, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 494-521, Aug. 2008, ISSN: 1528-3542. DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.494.
323. P. Juslin, "Cue Utilization of Emotion in Music Performance: Relating Performance to Perception," Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1797-1813, 2000. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.26.6.1797.
324. R. Dillon, "Extracting Audio Cues in Real Time to Understand Musical Expressiveness," in Proceedings of the MOSART Workshop, Barcelona, Nov. 2001.
325. R. Dillon, "A Statistical Approach to Expressive Intention Recognition in Violin Per- formances," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
326. J. A. Russel, "A Circumplex Model of Affect," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1161-1178, 1980. DOI: 10.1037/h0077714.
327. M. Leman, V. Vermeulen, L. De Voogdt, D. Moelants, and M. Lesaffre, "Prediction of Musical Affect Using a Combination of Acoustic Structural Cues," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 39-67, Mar. 2005, ISSN: 0929-8215. DOI: 10.1080/09298210500123978.
328. K. F. MacDorman, S. Ough, and H. Chin-Chang, "Automatic Emotion Prediction of Song Excerpts: Index Construction, Algorithm Design, and Empirical Comparison," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 281-299, Dec. 2007, ISSN: 0929-8215. DOI: 10.1080/09298210801927846.
329. E. Schubert, "Update of the Hevner Adjective Checklist," Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 96, pp. 1117-1122, 2003. DOI: 10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.l 117.
330. X. Hu and J. S. Downie, "Exploring Mood Metadata: Relationships with Genre, Artist and Usage Metadata," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Vienna, 2007.
331. J. Kantor-Martynuska, "Emotion-Relevant Characteristics of Temperament and the Perceived Magnitude of Tempo and Loudness of Music," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), Bologna, Aug. 2006.
332. J. Sloboda and A. Lehmann, "Tracking Performance Correlates of Changes in Perceived Intensity of Emotion During Different Interpretation of a Chopin Piano Prelude," Music Perception, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 87-120, 2001. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2001. 19.1.87.
333. E. Schubert, "Modeling Perceived Emotion with Continuous Musical Features," Music Perception, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 561-585, 2004. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2004.21.4. 561.
334. R. Timmers, M. Marolt, A. Camurri, and G. Volpe, "Listeners' Emotional Engagement with Performances of a Scriabin Etude: An Explorative Case Study," Psychology of Music, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 481-510, 2006. DOI: 10.1177/0305735606067165.
335. G. Husain, W. F. Thompson, and E. Schellenberg, "Effects of Musical Tempo and Mode on Arousal, Mood, and Spatial Abilities," Music Perception, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 151-171,2002. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2002.20.2.151.
336. L. Mion and G. De Poli, "Score-Independent Audio Features for Description of Music Expression," Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 458-466, Feb. 2008, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TASL.2007. 913743.
337. Y. Feng, Y. Zhuang, and Y. Pan, "Music Information Retrieval by Detecting Mood via Computational Media Aesthetics," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2003, pp. 235-241, ISBN: 0-7695-1932-6. DOI: 10.1109/WI.2003. 1241199.
338. L. Lu, D. Liu, and H.-J. Zhang, "Automatic Mood Detection and Tracking of Music Audio Signals," Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5-18, Jan. 2006, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2005.860344.
339. Y.-H. Yang, Y.-f. Su, Y.-c. Lin, and H. H. Chen, "Music Emotion Recognition: The Role of Individuality," in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Human-Centered Multimedia (HCM), Augsburg: ACM, 2007. DOI: 10.1145/1290128. 1290132.
340. Y.-H. Yang, C.-C. Liu, and H. H. Chen, "Music Emotion Classification: A Fuzzy Approach," in Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, 2006. DOI: 10.1145/1180639.1180665.
341. Y.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Lin, Y.-F. Su, and H. H. Chen, "A Regression Approach to Music Emotion Recognition," Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 448-57, Feb. 2008, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TASL. 2007.911513.
342. A. Huq, J. P. Bello, and R. Rowe, "Automated Music Emotion Recognition: A Systematic Evaluation," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 227-244, Sep. 2010, ISSN: 0929-8215. DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2010.513733.
343. K. Trohidis, G. Tsoumakas, G. Kalliris, and I. Vlahavas, "Multi-Label Classification of Music into Emotions," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Philadelphia, 2008.
344. B.-j. Han, S. Rho, S. Jun, and E. Hwang, "Music Emotion Classification and Context-Based Music Recommendation," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 433-460, Aug. 2010, ISSN: 1380-7501. DOI: 10.1007/sl 1042-0090332-6.
345. Y. E. Kim, E. M. Schmidt, R. Migneco, B. G. Morton, P. Richardson, J. Scott, J. A. Speck, and D. Turnbull, "Music Emotion Recognition: A State of the Art Review," in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Utrecht, 2010.
346. M. J. Kartomi, On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990, ISBN: 978-0-226-42549-8.
347. P. Herrera, X. Amatriain, E. Batlle, and X. Serra, "Towards Instrument Segmentation for Music Content Description: A Critical Review of Instrument Classification Techniques," in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Plymouth, 2000.
348. I. Kaminskyj and A Materka, "Automatic Source Identification of Monophonic Musical Instrument Sounds," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN), vol. 1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1995, pp. 189-194, ISBN: 0-7803-2768-3. DOI: 10.1109/ICNN. 1995. 488091.
349. I. Kaminskyj and P Voumard, "Enhanced Automatic Source Identification of Monophonic Musical Instrument Sounds," in Proceedings of the Australian New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems (ANZIIS), Adelaide: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Nov. 1996, pp. 76-79, ISBN: 0-7803-3667-4. DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.1996.573893.
350. J. C. Brown, "Computer Identification of Musical Instruments Using Pattern Recognition with Cepstral Coefficients as Features," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 1933-41, Mar. 1999, ISSN: 0001-4966. DOI: 10.1121/1.426728.
351. J. Marques and P. J. Moreno, "A Study of Musical Instrument Classification Using Gaussian Mixture Models and Support Vector Machines," Cambridge Research Laboratory CRL 99/4, Tech. Rep. June, 1999.
352. A. Eronen and A. P. Klapuri, "Musical Instrument Recognition Using Cepstral Coefficients and Temporal Features," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 2, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2000, pp. II753-II756, ISBN: 0-7803-62934. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2000.859069.
353. B. Kostek and A. Czyzewski, "Representing Musical Instrument Sounds for Their Automatic Classification," Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 768-785,2001.
354. A. Eronen, "Comparison of Features for Musical Instrument Recognition," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, Oct. 2001. DOI: 10.1109/ASPAA.2001.969532.
355. J. C. Brown, O. Houix, and S. McAdams, "Feature Dependence in the Automatic Identification of Musical Woodwind Instruments," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 1064-1072, 2001, ISSN: 00014966. DOI: 10.1121/1.1342075.
356. G. Agostini, M. Longari, and E. Pollastri, "Musical Instrument Timbres Classification with Spectral Features," Journal on Applied Signal Processing, vol. 1, pp. 514, 2003. DOI: 10.1155/S1110865703210118.
357. A. G. Krishna and T. V. Sreenivas, "Music Instrument Recognition: From Isolated Notes to Solo Phrases," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 4, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2003, pp. iv-265iv-268 ISBN: 0-7803-84849. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2004.1326814.
358. A. A. Livshin and X. Rodet, "Musical Instrument Identification in Continuous Recordings," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Naples, 2004.
359. S. Essid, G. Richard, and B. David, "Musical Instrument Recognition on Solo Performance," in Proceedings of the European Signal Processing Conference (EU-SIPCO), 2004.
360. S. Essid, "Musical Instrument Recognition by Pairwise Classification Strategies," Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1401-1412, Jul. 2006, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2005.860842.
361. J. D. Deng, C. Simmermacher, and S. Cranefield, "A Study on Feature Analysis for Musical Instrument Classification." Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 429-38, Apr. 2008, ISSN: 1083-4419. DOI: 10.1109/ TSMCB.2007.913394.
362. C. Joder, S. Essid, and G. Richard, "Temporal Integration for Audio Classification with Application to Musical Instrument Classification," Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 174-186, Jan. 2009, ISSN: 1558-7916. DOI: 10.1109/TASL.2008.2007613.
363. J. Eggink and G. Brown, "A Missing Feature Approach to Instrument Identification in Polyphonic Music," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 5, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2003, pp. V-5536, ISBN: 0-7803-7663-3. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2003.1200029.
364. J. Eggink and G. J. Brown, "Application of Missing Feature Theory to the Recognition of Musical Instruments in Polyphonic Audio," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), 2003.
365. J. Eggink and G. J. Brown, "Instrument Recognition in Accompanied Sonatas and Concertos," in Pro- ceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Pro- cessing (ICASSP), vol. 4, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2004, pp. iv-217iv-220 ISBN: 0-7803-8484-9. DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2004. 1326802.
366. T. Heittola, A. P. Klapuri, and T. Virtanen, "Musical Instrument Recognition in Polyphonic Audio Using Source-Filter Model for Sound Separation," in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Kobe, 2009.
367. P. Cano, E. Batlle, E. Gomez, L. D. C. T. Gomes, and M. Bonnet, "Audio Fingerprinting: Concepts and Applications," in Computational Intelligence for Modelling and Prediction, S. K. Halgamuge and L. Wang, Eds., vol. 245, Berlin: Springer, 2005, ch. 17, pp. 233-245. DOl: 10.1007/10966518\_17.
368. P. Cano, E. Batlle, T. Kalker, and J. Haitsma, "A Review of Audio Fingerprinting," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 271-284, 2005. DOl: 10. 1007/sl 1265-005-4151-3.
369. J. G. Lourens, "Detection and Logging Advertisements Using Its Sound," Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231-233, 1990, ISSN: 00189316. DOl: 10.1109/11.59850.
370. P. Cano, E. Batlle, H. Mayer, and H. Neuschmied, "Robust Sound Modeling for Song Detection in Broadcast Audio," in Proceedings of the 112th Audio Engineering Society Convention, Preprint 5531, Munich: Audio Engineering Society (AES), 2002.
371. A. Ramalingam and S. Krishnan, "Gaussian Mixture Modeling of Short-Time Fourier Transform Features for Audio Fingerprinting," Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 457-163, Dec. 2006, ISSN: 15566013. DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2006.885036.
372. O. Hellmuth, E. Allamanche, J. Herre, T. Kastner, M. Cremer, and W. Hirsch, "Advanced Audio Identification Using MPEG-7 Content Description," in Proceedings of the 111th Audio Engineering Society Convention, Preprint 5463, New York: Audio Engineering Society, 2001.
373. J. S. Seo, M. Jin, S. Lee, D. Jang, S. Lee, and C. D. Yoo, "Audio Fingerprinting Based on Normalized Spectral Subband Centroids," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2005, pp. 213-216, ISBN: 0-78038874-7. DOl: 10.1109/ICASSP.2005.1415684.
374. A. Kimura, K. Kashino, T. Kurozumi, and H. Murase, "Very Quick Audio Searching: Introducing Global Pruning to the Time-Series Active Search," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 3, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2001, pp. 1429-1432, ISBN: 0-7803-7041-4. DOl: 10.1109/ICASSP.2001.941198.
375. J. Haitsma and T. Kalker, "Speed-Change Resistant Audio Fingerprinting Using Auto-Correlation," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 4, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2003, pp. IV-72831, ISBN: 0-7803-7663-3. DOl: 10. 1109/ICASSP.2003.1202746.
376. C. Yang, "MACS: Music Audio Characteristic Sequence Indexing for Similarity Retrieval," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Oct. 2001, pp. 123-126, ISBN: 0-7803-7126-7. DOl: 10.1109/ ASPAA.2001.969558.
377. A. Wang, "An Industrial Strength Audio Search Algorithm," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Washington, 2003.
378. S. Kim and C. D. Yoo, "Boosted Binary Audio Fingerprint Based on Spectral Subband Moments," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Apr. 2007, pp. 1-2411-244, ISBN: 1-4244-0727-3. DOl: 10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366661.
379. S. Sukittanon and L. E. Atlas, "Modulation Frequency Features for Audio Fingerprinting," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2002, pp. II-II, ISBN: 0-7803-0946-4. DOl: 10. 1109/ICASSP. 2002 . 1006107.
380. D. Schonberg and D. Kirovski, "Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis of Multimedia," in Proceedings of the 12th ACM Multimedia Conference, New York, 2004. DOl: 10.1145/1027527.1027712.
381. J. I. Martinez, J. Vitola, A. Sanabria, and C. Pedraza, "Fast Parallel Audio Fingerprinting Implementation in Reconfigurable Hardware and GPUs," in Proceedings of the Southern Conference on Programmable Logic (SPL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Apr. 2011, pp. 245-250. ISBN: 978-1-42448847-6. DOl: 10.1109/SPL.2011.5782656.
382. C. J. C. Burges, J. C. Piatt, and S. Jana, "Extracting Noise-Robust Features from Audio Data," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2002, ISBN: 0-7803-0946-4. DOl: 10.1109/ICASSP.2002.1005916.
383. G. Richly, L. Varga, F. Kovacs, and G. Hosszu, "Short-Term Sound Stream Characterization for Reliable, Real-Time Occurrence Monitoring of Given Sound-Prints," in Proceedings of the 10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. Information Technology and Electrotechnology for the Mediterranean Countries (CM-eleCon), vol. 2, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2000, pp. 526-528, ISBN: 0-7803-6290-X. DOl: 10.1109/MELCON.2000.879986.
384. J. Haitsma and T. Kalker, "A Highly Robust Audio Fingerprinting System," in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Paris, 2002.
385. E. Batlle, J. Masip, and E. Guaus, "Automatic Song Identification in Noisy Broadcast Audio," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (SIP), Kauai, 2002.
386. T. Kastner, E. Allamanche, J. Herre. and O. Hellmuth, "MPEG-7 Scalable Robust Audio Fingerprinting," Proceedings of the 112th Audio Engineering Society Convention, Preprint 5511, 2002.
387. J. Sloboda, The Musical Mind - The Cognitive Psychology of Music, ser. Oxford Psychology Series 5. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, Reprinted 2004.
388. R. Kendall and E. Carterette, "The Communication of Musical Expression," Music-Perception, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 129-164, 1990.
389. F. Dorian, The History of Music in Performance - The Art of Musical Interpretation from the Renaissance to Our Day, New York: W W Norton, 1942.
390. C. Palmer, "Music Performance," Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 48, pp. 115-138, 1997. DOl: 10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.115.
391. J. Beran and G. Mazzola, "Analyzing Musical Structure and Performance - A Statistical Approach," Statistical Science, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 47-79, 1999. DOl: 10.1214/ss/1009211806.
392. E. F. Clarke, "Expression and Communication in Musical Performance," in Music, Language, Speech and Brain, J. Sundberg, N. L, and R Carlson, Eds., London: Macmillan Press, 1991.
393. J. Sloboda, "Music Performance," in The Psychology of Music, D. Deutsch, Ed., New York: Academic Press, 1982.
394. R. Timmers and H. Honing, "On Music Performance, Theories, Measurement and Diversity," Cognitive Processing, vol. 1-2, M. A. Belardinelli, Ed., 2002.
395. P. Walls, "Historical Performance and the Modern Performer," in Musical Performance-A Guide to Understanding, J. Rink, Ed., Fifth printing 2006, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
396. E. Clarke, "Understanding the Psychology of Performance," in Musical Performance - A Guide to Understanding, J. Rink, Ed., 5th printing 2006, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
397. E. Clarke, "Listening to Performance," in Musical Performance - A Guide to Un- derstanding, J. Rink, Ed., Fifth printing 2006, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
398. P. N. Juslin, "Five Myths about Expressivity in Music Performance and What to Do About Them," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Arts and Humanities, Honululu, Hawaii, Jan. 2003.
399. P. N. Juslin, "Studies of Music Performance: A Theoretical Analysis of Empirical Find- ings," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
400. N. Todd, "Vestibular Feedback in Musical Performance," Music Perception, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 379-382, 1993.
401. P. Johnson, "The Legacy of Recordings," in Musical Performance - A Guide to Understanding, J. Rink, Ed., Fifth printing 2006, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
402. S. Weinzierl and C. Franke, ""Lotte, ein Schwindel!" - Geschichte und Praxis des Musikschnitts am Beispiel von Beethovens 9. Symphonie," in Proceedings of the VDT International Audio Convention (22. Tonmeistertagung), Hannover, Nov. 2002.
403. H.-J. Maempel, S. Weinzierl, and P. Kaminski, "Audiobearbeitung," in Handbuch der Audiotechnik, S. Weinzierl, Ed., Berlin: Springer, 2008, pp. 719-784.
404. H.-J. Maempel, "Musikaufnahmen als Datenquellen der Interpretationsanalyse," in Gemessene Interpretation - Computergestützte Aufführungsanalyse im Kreuzverhör der Disziplinen, ser. Klang und Begriff, H. von Lösch and S. Weinzierl, Eds., Mainz: Schott, 2011, pp. 157-171, ISBN: 978-3-7957-0771-2.
405. R. W. Lundin, An Objective Psychology of Music, New York: Ronald Press, 1953.
406. E. Clarke, "Empirical Methods in the Study of Performance," in Empirical Musi-cology, E. Clarke and N. Cook, Eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
407. W. Goebl, S. Dixon, G. Poli, A. Friberg, R. Bresin, and G. Widmer, "Sense in Expressive Music Performance: Data Acquisition, Computational Studies, and Models," in Sound to Sense, Sense to Sound: A State-of-the-Art, M. Leman and D. Cirotteau, Eds., Logos Berlin, Nov. 2005.
408. S. Weinzierl and H.-J. Maempel, "Zur Erklärbarkeit der Qualitäten musikalischer Interpretationen durch akustische Signalmaße," in Gemessene Interpretation - Computergestützte Aufführungsanalyse im Kreuzverhör der Disziplinen, ser. Klang und Begriff, H. von Lösch and S. Weinzierl, Eds., Mainz: Schott, 2011, pp. 213-236, ISBN: 978-3-7957-0771-2.
409. S. Dixon and W. Goebl, "Pinpointing the Beat: Tapping to Expressive Performances," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), Sydney, Jul. 2002.
410. J. Hong, "Motor Action in Performance - Rostropovich and Richter's Repeated Renditions of Prokofiev's Cello Sonata Op. 119," in Proceedings of the Digital Music Research Network Conference (DMRN), London, 2006.
411. D. Povel, "Temporal Structure of Performed Music. Some Preliminary Observations," Acta Psychologies, vol. 41, pp. 309-320, 1977. DOI: 10.1016/0001-6918(77)90024-5.
412. B. H. Repp, "Patterns of Expressive Timing in Performances of a Beethoven Minuet by Nineteen Famous Pianists," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 622-641, 1990. DOl: 10.1121/1.399766.
413. B. H. Repp, "Expressive Timing in a Debussy Prelude: A Comparison of Student and Expert Pianists," Musicae Scientiae, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 257-268, 1997.
414. B. H. Repp, "A Microcosm of Musical Expression. I. Quantitative Analysis of Pianists' Timing in the Initial Measures of Chopin's Etude in E Major," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 1085-1100, 1998. DOI: 10.1121/1.423325.
415. B. H. Repp, "A Microcosm of Musical Expression. II. Quantitative Analysis of Pianists' Dynamics in the Initial Measures of Chopin's Etude in E Major," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 1972-1988, 1999. DOI: 10.1121/1.426743.
416. B. H. Repp, "A Microcosm of Musical Expression. III. Contributions of Timing and Dy- namics to the Aesthetic Impression of Pianists' Performances of the Initial Mea- sures of Chopin's Etude in E Major," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 469-78, 1999. DOI: 10.1121/1.427078.
417. G. Widmer, "A Machine Learning Analysis of Expressive Timing in Pianists' Performances of Schumann's "Träumerei"," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Symposium on Generative Grammars for Music Performance, Stockholm, May 1995.
418. G. Widmer, "Modeling the Rational Basis of Musical Expression," Computer Music-Journal, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 76-96, 1995.
419. G. Widmer, "Applications of Machine Learning to Music Research: Empirical Investi- gations into the Phenomenon of Musical Expression," in Machine Learning, Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery: Methods and Applications, R. S. Michalski, I. Bratko, and M. Kubat, Eds., Chichester: Wiley, 1998, pp. 269-293.
420. G. Widmer, "In Search of the Horowitz Factor: Interim Report on a Musical Discovery Project," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Discovery Science (DS), R. S. Michalski, I. Bratko, and M. Kubat, Eds., London: Springer, 1998, pp. 13-21. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36182-0\_4.
421. P. Zanon and G. Widmer, "Learning to Recognize Famous Pianists with Machine Learning Techniques," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
422. G. Widmer and P. Zanon, "Automatic Recognition of Famous Artists by Machine," Österreichisches Forschungsinstitut für Artificial Intelligence (ÖFAI), Vienna, Tech. Rep. TR-2004-04, 2004, Last retrieved on Dec. 12, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.ofai.at/cgi-bin/tr-online7number-t-2004-04.
423. S. Dixon, W. Goebl, and E. Cambouropoulos, "Perceptual Smoothness of Tempo in Expressively Performed Music," Music Perception, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 195-214, 2006. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2006.23.3.195.
424. A. Hartmann, "Untersuchungen über das metrische Verhalten in musikalischen Interpretationsvarianten," Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, vol. 84, pp. 103-192, 1932.
425. M. Dovey, "Analysis of Rachmaninoff's Piano Performances Using Inductive Logic Programming (Extended Abstract)," in Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML), Heraclion, Sep. 1995, pp. 279-282.
426. C. Palmer, "Mapping Musical Thought to Musical Performance," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 331-346, 1989. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.15.2.331.
427. P. Desain and H. Honing, "Does Expressive Timing in Music Performance Scale Proportionally with Tempo?," Psychological Research, vol. 56, pp. 285-292,1994. DOI: 10.1007/BF00419658.
428. B. Repp, "Pedal Timing and Tempo in Expressive Piano Performance: A Preliminary Investigation," Psychology of Music, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 199-221, 1996. DOI: 10.1177/0305735696242011.
429. B. H. Repp, "The Dynamics of Expressive Piano Performance: Schumann's "Träumerei" Revisited," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 641-650, 1996. DOI: 10.1121/1.415889.
430. B. Repp, "The Art of Inaccuracy: Why Pianists' Errors Are Difficult to Hear," Music Perception, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 161-184, 1996.
431. B. Repp, "The Effect of Tempo on Pedal Timing in Piano Performance," Psychologi- cal Research, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 164-172, 1997.
432. B. H. Repp, "Acoustics, Perception, and Production of Legato Articulation on a Computer-Controlled Grand Piano," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 1878-1890, 1997. DOI: 10.1121/1.420110.
433. R. Bresin, "Virtual Virtuosity - Studies in Automatic Music Performance," Dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 2000.
434. w. Goebl, "Melody Lead in Piano Performance: Expressive Device or Artifact?," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 563-572, 2001. DOI: 10.1121/1.1376133.
435. W. Windsor, R. Aarts, R Desain, H. Heijink, and R. Timmers, "The Timing of Grace Notes in Skilled Musical Performance at Different Tempi: A Preliminary Case Study," Psychology of Music, vol. 29, pp. 149-169, 2001. DOI: 10.1177/ 0305735601292005.
436. E. Stamatatos, "A Computational Model for Discriminating Music Performers," in Proceedings of the MOSART Workshop, Barcelona, Nov. 2001.
437. G. Widmer, "Machine Discoveries: A Few Simple, Robust Local Expression Principles," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 37-50, 2002. DOI: 10.1076/jnmr.31.1.37.8103.
438. G. Widmer and A. Tobudic, "Playing Mozart by Analogy: Learning Multi-level Timing and Dynamics Strategies," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 259-268, 2003. DOI: 10.1076/jnmr.32.3.259.16860.
439. C. Wollner, "Expressive Timing and Intensity Profiles in Mental Performances," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC), Evanston, Aug. 2004.
440. W. Windsor, P. Desain, A. Penel, and M. Borkent, "A Structurally Guided Method for the Decomposition of Expression in Music Performance," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 1182-1193, 2006. DOI: 10. 1121/1.2146091.
441. G Faraone, S Johansson, and P. Polotti, "The Influence of the Practice of Basso Continuo on the Intonation of a Professional Singer in the Time of Monteverdi," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
442. T. Walker, "Instrumental Difference in Characteristics of Expressive Musical Performance," Dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 2004.
443. R. Bowman Macleod, "Influences of Dynamic Level and Pitch Height on the Vibrato Rates and Widths of Violin and Viola Players," Dissertation, Florida State University, College of Music, Tallahassee, 2006.
444. E. Ornoy, "An Empirical Study of Intonation in Performances of J.S. Bach's Sarabandes: Temperament, "Melodic Charge" and "Melodic Intonation"," Orhis Mu-sic<£, vol. 14, D. Halperin, Ed., pp. 37-76, 2007.
445. E. Rapoport, "The Marvels of the Human Voice: Poem-Melody-Vocal Performance," Orhis MusicJE, vol. 14, D. Halperin, Ed., pp. 7-36, 2007.
446. M. Molina-Solana, J. Arcos, and E. Gomez, "Using Expressive Trends for Identifying Violin Recordings," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Philadelphia, Sep. 2008.
447. R. Ramirez, A. Perez, and S. Kersten, "Performer Identification in Celtic Violin Recordings," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Philadelphia, Sep. 2008.
448. J. Jerkert, "Measurements and Models of Musical Articulation," Master's Thesis, DTH, Department of Speech, Music and Hearing, Oct. 2003.
449. J. Jerkert, "Music Articulation in the Organ," in Proceedings of Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting, Mariehamn, Jun. 2004.
450. M. Clynes and J. Walker, "Music As Time's Measure," Music Perception, vol. 4, no. l,pp. 85-120, 1986.
451. S. Dahl, "The Playing of an Accent - Preliminary Observations from Temporal and Kinematic Analysis of Percussionists," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 225-233, 2000. DOI: 10.1076/jnmr.29.3.225.3090.
452. T. Hoshishiba, S. Horiguchi, and I. Fujinaga, "Study of Expression and Individuality in Music Performance Using Normative Data Derived from MIDI Recordings of Piano Music," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), Montreal, Aug. 1996.
453. J. Langner, R. Kopiez, C. Stoffel, and M. Wilz, "Realtime Analysis of Dynamic Shaping," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), Keele, Aug. 2000.
454. R. Dillon, "On the Recognition of Expressive Intention in Music Playing: A Computational Approach with Experiments and Applications," Dissertation, University of Genoa, Faculty of Engineering, Genoa, 2004.
455. B. Repp, "Effects of Auditory Feedback Deprivation on Expressive Piano Performance," Music Perception, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 409-438, 1999.
456. J. Geringer, "Continuous Loudness Judgments of Dynamics in Recorded Music Excerpts," Journal of Research in Music Education (JRME), vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 2235, 1995. DOI: 10.2307/3345789.
457. H. von Lösch and F. Brinkmann, "Das Tempo in Beethovens Appassionata von Fereric Lamond (1927) bis Andräs Schiff (2006)," in Gemessene Interpretation - Computergestützte Aufführungsanalyse im Kreuzverhör der Disziplinen, ser. Klang und Begriff, H. von Lösch and S. Weinzierl, Eds., Mainz: Schott, 2011, pp. 83-100, ISBN: 978-3-7957-0771-2.
458. C. Krumhansl, "A Perceptual Analysis of Mozart's Piano Sonata K. 282: Segmentation, Tension and Musical Ideas," Music Perception, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 401-132, 1996.
459. R. Timmers, R. Ashley, P. Desain, and H. Heijink, "The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato," Journal of New Music Research, vol. 29, no. 2, 2000. DOI: 10.1076/jnmr.29.2.131.3095.
460. B. Repp, "Quantitative Effects of Global Tempo on Expressive Timing in Music Performance: Some Perceptual Evidence," Music Perception, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 3957, 1995.
461. S. Dalla Bella and C. Palmer, "Tempo and Dynamics in Piano Performance: The Role of Movement Amplitude," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC), Evanston, Aug. 2004.
462. J. Jerkert, "Measurements and Models of Musical Articulation," in Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC), Stockholm, Aug. 2003.
463. P. Pfordresher and C. Palmer, "Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on Timing of Music Performance," Psychological Research, vol. 16, pp. 71-79, 2002. DOI: 10.1007/s004260100075.
464. S. Finney and C. Palmer, "Auditory Feedback and Memory for Music Performance: Some Evidence for an Encoding Effect," Memory & Cognition, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 51-64, 2003. DOI: 10.3758/BF03196082.
465. P. Pfordresher, "Auditory Feedback in Music Performance: The Role of Melodic Structure and Musical Skill," Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1331-1345, 2005. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.31.6.1331.
466. W. Goebl and C. Palmer, "Tactile Feedback and Timing Accuracy in Piano Performance," Experimental Brain Research, vol. 186, no. 3, pp. 471-479, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s00221 -007-1252-1.
467. C. Drake and C. Palmer, "Skill Acquisition in Music Performance: Relations between Planning and Temporal Control," Cognition, vol. 74, pp. 1-32, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/SOO10-0277(99)00061 -X.
468. C. Palmer, "Conceptual and Motor Learning in Music Performance," Psychological Science, vol. 11, pp. 63-68, 2000. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00216.
469. R. Meyer and C. Palmer, "Temporal and Motor Transfer in Music Performance," Music Perception, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 81-104,2003. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2003.21.1.81.
470. C. Palmer, "Nature of Memory for Music Performance Skills," in Music, Motor Control and the Brain, E. Altenmiiller, M. Wiesendanger, and J. Kesselring, Eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 39-53.
471. R. Timmers, "Context-Sensitive Evaluation of Expression," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Research Directions in Computer Music, Barcelona, Nov. 2001.
472. S. Thompson, A. Williamson, and E. Valentine, "Time-Dependent Characteristics of Performance Evaluation," Music Perception, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 13-29, 2007. DOI: 10.1525/mp.2007.25.1.13.
473. R. Timmers, "Communication of (E)motion through Performance: Two Case Studies," Orbis Music/E, vol. 14, D. Halperin, Ed., pp. 116-140, 2007.
474. R. Timmers, "Perception of Music Performance on Historical and Modern Commercial Recordings," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 122, no. 5, 2007. DOI: 10.1121/1.2783987.
475. E. Lapidaki, "Stability of Tempo Perception in Music Listening," Music Education Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25-44, 2000. DOI: 10.1080/14613800050004413.
476. B. Repp, "Detecting Deviations from Metronomic Timing in Music: Effects of Perceptual Structure on the Mental Timekeeper," Perception & Psychophysics, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 529-548, 1999. DOI: 10.3758/BF03211971.
477. B. Aarden, "How the Timing Between Notes Can Impact Musical Meaning," in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), Bologna, Aug. 2006.
478. W. G. Gardner, "Efficient Convolution without Input-Output Delay," Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 127-136, 1995.
479. F. Harris, "On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 51-83, 1978. DOI: 10.1109/PROC. 1978.10837.
480. J. W. Cooley and J. W. Tukey, "An Algorithm for the Machine Calculation of Complex Fourier Series," Mathematics of Computation, vol. 19, no. 90, p. 297, Apr. 1965, ISSN: 00255718. DOI: 10.2307/2003354.
481. W. T. Cochran, J. W. Cooley, D. L. Favin, H. D. Helms, R. A. Kaenel, W. W. Lang, G. C. Maling, D. E. Nelson, C. M. Rader, and R D. Welch, "What Is the Fast Fourier Transform?," Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 45-55, Jun. 1967, ISSN: 0018-9278. DOI: 10.1109/TAU.1967.1161899.
482. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 14882:2003, "Programming Languages - C++," ISO/IEC, Standard, 2003.
483. G. Tzanetakis, "MARSYAS-0.2: A Case Study in Implementing Music Information Retrieval Systems," in Intelligent Music Information Systems: Tools and Methodologies, J. Shen, J. Shepherd, B. Cui, and L. Liu, Eds., IGI Global, 2008, pp. 31-19. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-663-l.ch002.
484. X. Amatriain, P. Arumi, and M. Ramirez, "CLAM, Yet Another Library for Audio and Music Processing?" in Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), New York: ACM Press, Nov. 2002, p. 46, ISBN: 1-58113-626-9. DOI: 10.1145/ 985072.985097.
485. X. Amatriain, M. de Boer, E. Robledo, and D. Garcia, "CLAM: An OO Framework for Developing Audio and Music Applications," in Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), New York: ACM Press, Nov. 2002, p. 22, ISBN: 1-58113626-9. DOI: 10.1145/985072.985084.
486. X. Amatriain, "CLAM: A Framework for Audio and Music Application Development," IEEE Software, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 82-85, Jan. 2007, ISSN: 0740-7459. DOI: 10.1109/MS.2007.8.
487. C. Mckay, J. A. Burgoyne, and I. Fujinaga, "jMIR and ACE XML: Tools for Performing and Sharing Research in Automatic Music Classification," in Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries Workshop on Integrating Digital Library Content with Computational Tools and Services, 2009.
488. C. Mckay and I. Fujinaga, "jMIR: Tools for Automatic Music Classification," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), ICMA, 2009.
489. M. Schedl, "The CoMIRVA Toolkit for Visualizing Music-Related Data," Johannes Kepler University Linz, Tech. Rep., 2006, Last retrieved on Jan. 31,2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.cp.jku.at/people/schedl/Research/Development/CoMIRVA/ webpage/CoMIRVA.html.
490. C. Cannam, C. Landone, and M. Sandler, "Sonic Visualiser: An Open Source Application for Viewing, Analysing, and Annotating Music Audio Files," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia (MM), New York: ACM Press, 2010, pp. 1467-1468, ISBN: 978-1-60558-933-6. DOI: 10.1145/1873951.1874248.
491. O. Lartillot and P. Toiviainen, "A Matlab Toolbox for Musical Feature Extraction from Audio," in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Bordeaux, 2007.
492. J. Bullock, "LIBXTRACT: A Lightweight Library for Audio Feature Extraction," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Copenhagen, Aug. 2007, pp. 3-6.
493. C. Sanden, C. R. Befus, and J. Z. Zhang, "CAMEL: A Lightweight Framework for Content-Based Audio and Music Analysis," in Proceedings of the 5th Audio Mostly Conference on Interaction with Sound (AM), New York: ACM Press, 2010. DOI: 10.1145/1859799.1859821.
494. B. Mathieu, S. Essid, T. Fillon, J. Prado, and G. Richard, "YAAFE, an Easy to Use and Efficient Audio Feature Extraction Software," in Proceedings of the I Ith International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Utrecht, 2010, pp. 441-446.
495. G. Peeters, B. L. Giordano, P. Susini, N. Misdariis, and S. McAdams, "The Timbre Toolbox: Extracting Audio Descriptors from Musical Signals," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), vol. 130, no. 5, pp. 2902-2916, 2011. DOI: 10.1121/1.3642604.
496. N. Collins, "SCMIR: A SuperCollider Music Information Retrieval Library," in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), Hudders-field: ICMA, 2011.
497. S. Pfeiffer and C. Parker, "bewdy, Maaate!" in Presentation at the Australian Linux Conference, Sydney, Jan. 2001.
498. F. Eyben, M. Wöllmer, and B. Schuller, "OpenSMILE - The Munich Versatile and Fast Open-Source Audio Feature Extractor," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia (MM), New York: ACM Press, 2010, pp. 1459-1462, ISBN: 978-1-60558-933-6. DOI: 10.1145/1873951.1874246.
499. A. Lerch, G. Eisenberg, and K. Tanghe, "FEAPI: A Low Level Feature Extraction Plugin API," in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX), Madrid, Sep. 2005.
500. C. Cannam, C. Landone, M. Sandler, and J. Bello, "The Sonic Visualiser: A Visualisation Platform for Semantic Descriptors from Musical Signals," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), Victoria, Oct. 2006.
501. M. Hall, E. Frank, G. Holmes, B. Pfahringer, P. Reutemann, and I. H. Witten, "The WEKA Data Mining Software: An Update," ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 10-18, Nov. 2009, ISSN: 19310145. DOI: 10.1145/ 1656274.1656278.
502. R. Collobert, K. Kavukcuoglu, and C. Farabet, "Torch7: A Matlab-like Environment for Machine Learning," in Proceedings of the NIPS Workshop on Parallel and Large-Scale Machine Learning, Sierra Nevada, 2011.
503. C.-c. Chang and C.-j. Lin, "LIBSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines," ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), vol. 2, no. 3, 2011. DOI: 10.1145/1961189.1961199.