Noninvasive imaging markers associated with sudden cardiac death

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 348-360

  van der Bijl, Pieter ^a   Delgado, Victoria ^a   Bax, Jeroen J ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular imaging; Sudden cardiac death

Indexed keywords

(3 IODOBENZYL)GUANIDINE I 123; AMMONIA N 13; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GADOLINIUM; METAHYDRXYEPHEDRINE C 11; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT; RUBIDIUM 82; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CARDIAC IMAGING; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART INNERVATION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; REVIEW; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION; VALVULAR HEART DISEASE; CARDIOVERSION; COMPLICATION; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEVICES; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART STROKE VOLUME; HUMAN; MORTALITY; PATIENT SELECTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROCEDURES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR; VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION;

DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEFIBRILLATORS, IMPLANTABLE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; ELECTRIC COUNTERSHOCK; HUMANS; PATIENT SELECTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STROKE VOLUME; TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR; VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, LEFT;

EID: 84949515855     PISSN: 10501738     EISSN: 18732615     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.10.003     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Yousuf O., Chrispin J., Tomaselli G.F., Berger R.D. Clinical management and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Circ Res 2015, 116:2020-2040.
2. Hayashi M., Shimizu W., Albert C.M. The spectrum of epidemiology underlying sudden cardiac death. Circ Res 2015, 116:1887-1906.
3. Connolly S.J., Hallstrom A.P., Cappato R., Schron E.B., Kuck K.H., Zipes D.P., et al. Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials. AVID, CASH and CIDS studies. Antiarrhythmics vs Implantable Defibrillator study. Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg. Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. Eur Heart J 2000, 21:2071-2078.
4. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA, III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2013; 127:e283-e352.
5. Priori S.G., Aliot E., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Bossaert L., Breithardt G., Brugada P., et al. Update of the guidelines on sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2003, 24:13-15.
6. Myerburg R.J., Spooner P.M. Opportunities for sudden death prevention: directions for new clinical and basic research. Cardiovasc Res 2001, 50:177-185.
7. Moss A.J., Greenberg H., Case R.B., Zareba W., Hall W.J., Brown M.W., et al. Long-term clinical course of patients after termination of ventricular tachyarrhythmia by an implanted defibrillator. Circulation 2004, 110:3760-3765.
8. Perazzolo M.M., De L.M., Zorzi A., Migliore F., Zilio F., Calore C., et al. Impact of the presence and amount of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance on arrhythmic outcome and sudden cardiac death in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2014, 11:856-863.
9. Stecker E.C., Vickers C., Waltz J., Socoteanu C., John B.T., Mariani R., et al. Population-based analysis of sudden cardiac death with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: two-year findings from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 47:1161-1166.
10. Bigger J.T., Fleiss J.L., Kleiger R., Miller J.P., Rolnitzky L.M. The relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1984, 69:250-258.
11. Boogers M.J., Borleffs C.J., Henneman M.M., Van Bommel R.J., van R.J., Boersma E., et al. Cardiac sympathetic denervation assessed with 123-iodine metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predicts ventricular arrhythmias in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 55:2769-2777.
12. de Bakker J.M., van Capelle F.J., Janse M.J., Wilde A.A., Coronel R., Becker A.E., et al. Reentry as a cause of ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: electrophysiologic and anatomic correlation. Circulation 1988, 77:589-606.
13. Yan A.T., Shayne A.J., Brown K.A., Gupta S.N., Chan C.W., Luu T.M., et al. Characterization of the peri-infarct zone by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful predictor of post-myocardial infarction mortality. Circulation 2006, 114:32-39.
14. Fukuda D., Aikawa M. Intimal smooth muscle cells: the context-dependent origin. Circulation 2010, 122:2005-2008.
15. Maron B.J., Semsarian C., Shen W.K., Link M.S., Epstein A.E., Estes N.A., et al. Circadian patterns in the occurrence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias triggering defibrillator interventions in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2009, 6:599-602.
16. Jeyaraj D., Haldar S.M., Wan X., McCauley M.D., Ripperger J.A., Hu K., et al. Circadian rhythms govern cardiac repolarization and arrhythmogenesis. Nature 2012, 483:96-99.
17. Klem I., Weinsaft J.W., Bahnson T.D., Hegland D., Kim H.W., Hayes B., et al. Assessment of myocardial scarring improves risk stratification in patients evaluated for cardiac defibrillator implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012, 60:408-420.
18. Kwong R.Y., Chan A.K., Brown K.A., Chan C.W., Reynolds H.G., Tsang S., et al. Impact of unrecognized myocardial scar detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging on event-free survival in patients presenting with signs or symptoms of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2006, 113:2733-2743.
19. Roes S.D., Borleffs J.W., van der Geest R.J., Westenberg J.J.M., Ajmone Marsan N., Kaandorp T.A.M., et al. Infarct tissue heterogeneity assessed with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predicts spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009, 2:183-190.
20. Watanabe E., Abbasi S.A., Heydari B., Coelho-Filho O.R., Shah R., Neilan T.G., et al. Infarct tissue heterogeneity by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a novel predictor of mortality in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014, 7:887-894.
21. Yang Y., Connelly K.A., Zeidan-Shwiri T., Lu Y., Paul G., Roifman I., et al. Multi-contrast late enhancement CMR determined gray zone and papillary muscle involvement predict appropriate ICD therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013, 15:57.
22. Ng A.C., Bertini M., Borleffs C.J., Delgado V., Boersma E., Piers S.R., et al. Predictors of death and occurrence of appropriate implantable defibrillator therapies in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2010, 106:1566-1573.
23. Leong D.P., Hoogslag G.E., Piers S.R., Hoke U., Thijssen J., Marsan N.A., et al. The relationship between time from myocardial infarction, left ventricular dyssynchrony, and the risk for ventricular arrhythmia: speckle-tracking echocardiographic analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015, 28:470-477.
24. Matsunari I., Schricke U., Bengel F.M., Haase H.U., Barthel P., Schmidt G., et al. Extent of cardiac sympathetic neuronal damage is determined by the area of ischemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2000, 101:2579-2585.
25. Lautamaki R., Sasano T., Higuchi T., Nekolla S.G., Lardo A.C., Holt D.P., et al. Multiparametric molecular imaging provides mechanistic insights into sympathetic innervation impairment in the viable infarct border zone. J Nucl Med 2015, 56:457-463.
26. Fallavollita J.A., Heavey B.M., Luisi A.J., Michalek S.M., Baldwa S., Mashtare T.L., et al. Regional myocardial sympathetic denervation predicts the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014, 63:141-149.
27. Jacobson A.F., Senior R., Cerqueira M.D., Wong N.D., Thomas G.S., Lopez V.A., et al. Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure. Results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 55:2212-2221.
28. Cokic I., Kali A., Yang H.J., Yee R., Tang R., Tighiouart M., et al. Iron-sensitive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of ventricular arrhythmia risk in patients with chronic myocardial infarction: early evidence. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015, 8. 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642.
29. Cokic I., Kali A., Wang X., Yang H.J., Tang R.L., Thajudeen A., et al. Iron deposition following chronic myocardial infarction as a substrate for cardiac electrical anomalies: initial findings in a canine model. PLoS One 2013, 8:e73193.
30. Kali A., Kumar A., Cokic I., Tang R.L., Tsaftaris S.A., Friedrich M.G., et al. Chronic manifestation of postreperfusion intramyocardial hemorrhage as regional iron deposition: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study with ex vivo validation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:218-228.
31. van der Burg A.E., Bax J.J., Boersma E., Pauwels E.K., van der Wall E.E., Schalij M.J. Impact of viability, ischemia, scar tissue, and revascularization on outcome after aborted sudden death. Circulation 2003, 108:1954-1959.
32. Zipes D.P., Wellens H.J. Sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1998, 98:2334-2351.
33. Hachamovitch R., Berman D.S., Shaw L.J., Kiat H., Cohen I., Cabico J.A., et al. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography for the prediction of cardiac death: differential stratification for risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998, 97:535-543.
34. Piccini J.P., Starr A.Z., Horton J.R., Shaw L.K., Lee K.L., Al-Khatib S.M., et al. Single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging and the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary disease and left ventricular ejection fraction >35%. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 56:206-214.
35. Piccini J.P., Horton J.R., Shaw L.K., Al-Khatib S.M., Lee K.L., Iskandrian A.E., et al. Single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion defects are associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and sudden cardiac death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2008, 1:180-188.
36. Di Carli M.F., Davidson M., Little R., Khanna S., Mody F.V., Brunken R.C., et al. Value of metabolic imaging with positron emission tomography for evaluating prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 1994, 73:527-533.
37. Arbustini E., Narula N., Tavazzi L., Serio A., Grasso M., Favalli V., et al. The MOGE(S) classification of cardiomyopathy for clinicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014, 64:304-318.
38. Raman S.V., Basso C., Tandri H., Taylor M.R. Imaging phenotype vs genotype in nonhypertrophic heritable cardiomyopathies: dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010, 3:753-765.
39. Chan R.H., Maron B.J., Olivotto I., Pencina M.J., Assenza G.E., Haas T., et al. Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2014, 130:484-495.
40. Kuruvilla S., Adenaw N., Katwal A.B., Lipinski M.J., Kramer C.M., Salerno M. Late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014, 7:250-258.
41. Greulich S., Deluigi C.C., Gloekler S., Wahl A., Zurn C., Kramer U., et al. CMR imaging predicts death and other adverse events in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:501-511.
42. Elliott P.M., Anastasakis A., Borger M.A., Borggrefe M., Cecchi F., Charron P., et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014, 35:2733-2779.
43. Kirk P., Roughton M., Porter J.B., Walker J.M., Tanner M.A., Patel J., et al. Cardiac T2* magnetic resonance for prediction of cardiac complications in thalassemia major. Circulation 2009, 120:1961-1968.
44. Blankstein R., Osborne M., Naya M., Waller A., Kim C.K., Murthy V.L., et al. Cardiac positron emission tomography enhances prognostic assessments of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014, 63:329-336.
45. Aggarwal NR, Snipelisky D, Young PM, Gersh BJ, Cooper LT, Chareonthaitawee P. Advances in imaging for diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis, Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev142.
46. Kumar S., Barbhaiya C., Nagashima K., Choi E.K., Epstein L.M., John R.M., et al. Ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis: characterization of ventricular substrate and outcomes of catheter ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015, 8:87-93.
47. Stees C.S., Khoo M.S., Lowery C.M., Sauer W.H. Ventricular tachycardia storm successfully treated with immunosuppression and catheter ablation in a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011, 22:210-213.
48. Yodogawa K., Seino Y., Ohara T., Takayama H., Katoh T., Mizuno K. Effect of corticosteroid therapy on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011, 16:140-147.
49. Choudhury L., Rosen S.D., Lefroy D.C., Nihoyannopoulos P., Oakley C.M., Camici P.G. Myocardial beta adrenoceptor density in primary and secondary left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 1996, 17:1703-1709.
50. Terai H., Shimizu M., Ino H., Yamaguchi M., Hayashi K., Sakata K., et al. Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Nucl Cardiol 2003, 10:304-310.
51. Wichter T., Hindricks G., Lerch H., Bartenstein P., Borggrefe M., Schober O., et al. Regional myocardial sympathetic dysinnervation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. An analysis using 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Circulation 1994, 89:667-683.
52. Wichter T., Schafers M., Rhodes C.G., Borggrefe M., Lerch H., Lammertsma A.A., et al. Abnormalities of cardiac sympathetic innervation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: quantitative assessment of presynaptic norepinephrine reuptake and postsynaptic beta-adrenergic receptor density with positron emission tomography. Circulation 2000, 101:1552-1558.
53. Priori S.G., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Mazzanti A., Blom N., Borggrefe M., Camm J., et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2015, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv316.
54. Hein S., Arnon E., Kostin S., Schonburg M., Elsasser A., Polyakova V., et al. Progression from compensated hypertrophy to failure in the pressure-overloaded human heart: structural deterioration and compensatory mechanisms. Circulation 2003, 107:984-991.
55. Dweck M.R., Joshi S., Murigu T., Alpendurada F., Jabbour A., Melina G., et al. Midwall fibrosis is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011, 58:1271-1279.
56. Nishimura R.A., McGoon M.D., Shub C., Miller F.A., Ilstrup D.M., Tajik A.J. Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse. Long-term follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med 1985, 313:1305-1309.
57. Sriram C.S., Syed F.F., Ferguson M.E., Johnson J.N., Enriquez-Sarano M., Cetta F., et al. Malignant bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome in patients with otherwise idiopathic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013, 62:222-230.
58. Basso C., Perazzolo M.M., Rizzo S., De L.M., Giorgi B., Cipriani A., et al. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2015, 132:556-566.
59. Han Y., Peters D.C., Salton C.J., Bzymek D., Nezafat R., Goddu B., et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance characterization of mitral valve prolapse. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008, 1:294-303.
60. Haugaa K.H., Amlie J.P., Berge K.E., Leren T.P., Smiseth O.A., Edvardsen T. Transmural differences in myocardial contraction in long-QT syndrome: mechanical consequences of ion channel dysfunction. Circulation 2010, 122:1355-1363.
61. Bertini M., Schalij M.J., Bax J.J., Delgado V. Emerging role of multimodality imaging to evaluate patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2012, 5:525-535.