메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 191-196

Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature

Author keywords

Infertility; semen; sperm

Indexed keywords

AZOOSPERMIA; CELL STRUCTURE; CRYPTORCHISM; FERTILITY; HUMAN; INDIA; INFERTILITY; MALE INFERTILITY; REVIEW; SEMEN ABNORMALITY; SEMEN ANALYSIS; SPERM QUALITY; SPERMATOZOON ABNORMALITY; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; SPERMATOZOON DENSITY; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; TESTIS CANCER;

EID: 84949209161     PISSN: 09741208     EISSN: 19984766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.170370     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (725)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 70350786283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009
    • Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, de Mouzon J, Ishihara O, Mansour R, Nygren K, et al. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009. Fertil Steril 2009;92:1520-4.
    • (2009) Fertil Steril , vol.92 , pp. 1520-1524
    • Zegers-Hochschild, F.1    Adamson, G.D.2    De Mouzon, J.3    Ishihara, O.4    Mansour, R.5    Nygren, K.6
  • 2
    • 55449107148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2008;90 5 Suppl: S60.
    • (2008) Fertil Steril , vol.90 , Issue.5 , pp. S60
  • 3
    • 84865544930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring infertility in populations: Constructing a standard definition for use with demographic and reproductive health surveys
    • Mascarenhas MN, Cheung H, Mathers CD, Stevens GA. Measuring infertility in populations: Constructing a standard definition for use with demographic and reproductive health surveys. Popul Health Metr 2012;10:17.
    • (2012) Popul Health Metr , vol.10 , pp. 17
    • Mascarenhas, M.N.1    Cheung, H.2    Mathers, C.D.3    Stevens, G.A.4
  • 4
    • 34447316145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: Potential need and demand for infertility medical care
    • Boivin J, Bunting L, Collins JA, Nygren KG. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: Potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Hum Reprod 2007;22:1506-12.
    • (2007) Hum Reprod , vol.22 , pp. 1506-1512
    • Boivin, J.1    Bunting, L.2    Collins, J.A.3    Nygren, K.G.4
  • 5
    • 33750614409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization.. DHS Comparative Reports No No 9. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro and the World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. Infecundity, Infertility, and Childlessness in Developing Countries. DHS Comparative Reports No 9. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro and the World Health Organization; 2004.
    • (2004) Infecundity, Infertility, and Childlessness in Developing Countries
  • 6
    • 0028093621 scopus 로고
    • Infertility: An international health problem
    • Sciarra J. Infertility: An international health problem. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994;46:155-63.
    • (1994) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.46 , pp. 155-163
    • Sciarra, J.1
  • 8
    • 0035137068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of infertility care in poor-resource areas and the introduction of new reproductive technologies
    • van Balen F, Gerrits T. Quality of infertility care in poor-resource areas and the introduction of new reproductive technologies. Hum Reprod 2001;16:215-9.
    • (2001) Hum Reprod , vol.16 , pp. 215-219
    • Van Balen, F.1    Gerrits, T.2
  • 9
    • 33748125004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining estimates of infertility in the United States: 1982-2002
    • Stephen EH, Chandra A. Declining estimates of infertility in the United States: 1982-2002. Fertil Steril 2006;86:516-23.
    • (2006) Fertil Steril , vol.86 , pp. 516-523
    • Stephen, E.H.1    Chandra, A.2
  • 10
    • 0032125166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated projections of infertility in the United States: 1995-2025
    • Stephen EH, Chandra A. Updated projections of infertility in the United States: 1995-2025. Fertil Steril 1998;70:30-4.
    • (1998) Fertil Steril , vol.70 , pp. 30-34
    • Stephen, E.H.1    Chandra, A.2
  • 14
    • 0032787866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childlessness in Andhra Pradesh, India: Treatment-seeking and consequences
    • Unisa S. Childlessness in Andhra Pradesh, India: Treatment-seeking and consequences. Reprod Health Matters 1999;7:54-64.
    • (1999) Reprod Health Matters , vol.7 , pp. 54-64
    • Unisa, S.1
  • 15
    • 0343247828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects of primary infertility in the Kashmir region of India
    • Zargar AH, Wani AI, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Salahuddin M. Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects of primary infertility in the Kashmir region of India. Fertil Steril 1997;68:637-43.
    • (1997) Fertil Steril , vol.68 , pp. 637-643
    • Zargar, A.H.1    Wani, A.I.2    Masoodi, S.R.3    Laway, B.A.4    Salahuddin, M.5
  • 16
    • 34248551469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of female infertility and its socio-economic factors in tribal communities of Central India
    • Kumar D. Prevalence of female infertility and its socio-economic factors in tribal communities of Central India. Rural Remote Health 2007;7:456.
    • (2007) Rural Remote Health , vol.7 , pp. 456
    • Kumar, D.1
  • 18
    • 0003344898 scopus 로고
    • Towards more objectivity in diagnosis and management of male infertility
    • World Health Organization.
    • World Health Organization. Towards more objectivity in diagnosis and management of male infertility. Int J Androl 1987;7:1-53.
    • (1987) Int J Androl , vol.7 , pp. 1-53
  • 19
    • 78651250647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility and in-vitro fertilization in India
    • Kumar TCA. Fertility and in-vitro fertilization in India. Curr Sci 2004;86:254-6.
    • (2004) Curr Sci , vol.86 , pp. 254-256
    • Kumar, T.C.A.1
  • 21
    • 84949301502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men's Health-Male Factor Infertility. University of Utah Health Sciences Center. 04 January, 2003. Archived from the Original on 04 July 2007.. [Last retrieved on Nov 11]
    • Men's Health-Male Factor Infertility. University of Utah Health Sciences Center. 04 January, 2003. Archived from the Original on 04 July 2007. Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20080620064743/http://healthcare.utah.edu/healthinfo/adult/men/infertil.htm. [Last retrieved on 2007 Nov 11].
    • (2007)
  • 22
    • 1242269766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male factor infertility: Evaluation and management
    • Brugh VM III, Lipshultz LI. Male factor infertility: Evaluation and management. Med Clin North Am 2004;88:367-85.
    • (2004) Med Clin North Am , vol.88 , pp. 367-385
    • Brugh, V.M.1    Lipshultz, L.I.2
  • 23
    • 0141454739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male subfertility
    • Hirsh A. Male subfertility. BMJ 2003;327:669-72.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 669-672
    • Hirsh, A.1
  • 24
    • 84922454094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound of the male genital tract in relation to male reproductive health
    • Lotti F, Maggi M. Ultrasound of the male genital tract in relation to male reproductive health. Hum Reprod Update 2015;21:56-83.
    • (2015) Hum Reprod Update , vol.21 , pp. 56-83
    • Lotti, F.1    Maggi, M.2
  • 28
    • 84893687683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An influential relationship of seminal fluid microbial infections and infertility, Taif Region, KSA
    • Sabra SM, Al-Harbi MS. An influential relationship of seminal fluid microbial infections and infertility, Taif Region, KSA. World J Med Sci 2014;10:32-7.
    • (2014) World J Med Sci , vol.10 , pp. 32-37
    • Sabra, S.M.1    Al-Harbi, M.S.2
  • 30
    • 84876870685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen analysis parameters: Experiences and insight into male infertility at a tertiary care hospital in Punjab
    • Butt F, Akram N. Semen analysis parameters: Experiences and insight into male infertility at a tertiary care hospital in Punjab. J Pak Med Assoc 2013;63:558-62.
    • (2013) J Pak Med Assoc , vol.63 , pp. 558-562
    • Butt, F.1    Akram, N.2
  • 31
    • 41949108833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining worldwide sperm counts: Disproving a myth
    • vii
    • Fisch H. Declining worldwide sperm counts: Disproving a myth. Urol Clin North Am 2008;35:137-46, vii.
    • (2008) Urol Clin North Am , vol.35 , pp. 137-146
    • Fisch, H.1
  • 32
    • 33846683634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen analysis is the cornerstone of investigation for male infertility
    • 12, 15-7
    • Barratt CL. Semen analysis is the cornerstone of investigation for male infertility. Practitioner 2007;251:8-10, 12, 15-7.
    • (2007) Practitioner , vol.251 , pp. 8-10
    • Barratt, C.L.1
  • 33
    • 77955605062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research.. 5th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research. World Health Organization Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 5th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
    • (2010) World Health Organization Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen
  • 34
    • 76349118104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen analysis: A new manual and its application to the understanding of semen and its pathology
    • Jequier AM. Semen analysis: A new manual and its application to the understanding of semen and its pathology. Asian J Androl 2010;12:11-3.
    • (2010) Asian J Androl , vol.12 , pp. 11-13
    • Jequier, A.M.1
  • 36
    • 0017571270 scopus 로고
    • Relation between indices of semen analysis and pregnancy rate in infertile couples
    • Smith KD, Rodriguez-Rigau LJ, Steinberger E. Relation between indices of semen analysis and pregnancy rate in infertile couples. Fertil Steril 1977;28:1314-9.
    • (1977) Fertil Steril , vol.28 , pp. 1314-1319
    • Smith, K.D.1    Rodriguez-Rigau, L.J.2    Steinberger, E.3
  • 37
    • 76349100970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical semen analysis: From A to Z
    • Brazil C. Practical semen analysis: From A to Z. Asian J Androl 2010;12:14-20.
    • (2010) Asian J Androl , vol.12 , pp. 14-20
    • Brazil, C.1
  • 38
    • 76349105965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The usefulness and significance of assessing rapidly progressive spermatozoa
    • Björndahl L. The usefulness and significance of assessing rapidly progressive spermatozoa. Asian J Androl 2010;12:33-5.
    • (2010) Asian J Androl , vol.12 , pp. 33-35
    • Björndahl, L.1
  • 39
    • 0016258440 scopus 로고
    • The importance of seminal plasma for human sperm motility
    • Lindholmer C. The importance of seminal plasma for human sperm motility. Biol Reprod 1974;10:533-42.
    • (1974) Biol Reprod , vol.10 , pp. 533-542
    • Lindholmer, C.1
  • 40
    • 0021964766 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the movement characteristics of human spermatozoa and their ability to penetrate cervical mucus and zona-free hamster oocytes
    • Aitken RJ, Sutton M, Warner P, Richardson DW. Relationship between the movement characteristics of human spermatozoa and their ability to penetrate cervical mucus and zona-free hamster oocytes. J Reprod Fertil 1985;73:441-9.
    • (1985) J Reprod Fertil , vol.73 , pp. 441-449
    • Aitken, R.J.1    Sutton, M.2    Warner, P.3    Richardson, D.W.4
  • 41
    • 0025003377 scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of morphological characteristics of human spermatozoa according to stricter criteria
    • Menkveld R, Stander FS, Kotze TJ, Kruger TF, van Zyl JA. The evaluation of morphological characteristics of human spermatozoa according to stricter criteria. Hum Reprod 1990;5:586-92.
    • (1990) Hum Reprod , vol.5 , pp. 586-592
    • Menkveld, R.1    Stander, F.S.2    Kotze, T.J.3    Kruger, T.F.4    Van Zyl, J.A.5
  • 42
    • 0034839551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of normal sperm morphology in intrauterine insemination (IUI): A structured literature review
    • Van Waart J, Kruger TF, Lombard CJ, Ombelet W. Predictive value of normal sperm morphology in intrauterine insemination (IUI): A structured literature review. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:495-500.
    • (2001) Hum Reprod Update , vol.7 , pp. 495-500
    • Van Waart, J.1    Kruger, T.F.2    Lombard, C.J.3    Ombelet, W.4
  • 43
    • 36749030136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated teratozoospermia does not affect in vitro fertilization outcome and is not an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection
    • Keegan BR, Barton S, Sanchez X, Berkeley AS, Krey LC, Grifo J. Isolated teratozoospermia does not affect in vitro fertilization outcome and is not an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2007;88:1583-8.
    • (2007) Fertil Steril , vol.88 , pp. 1583-1588
    • Keegan, B.R.1    Barton, S.2    Sanchez, X.3    Berkeley, A.S.4    Krey, L.C.5    Grifo, J.6
  • 44
    • 0026657024 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years
    • Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 1992;305:609-13.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 609-613
    • Carlsen, E.1    Giwercman, A.2    Keiding, N.3    Skakkebaek, N.E.4
  • 45
    • 0028918122 scopus 로고
    • Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years
    • Auger J, Kunstmann JM, Czyglik F, Jouannet P. Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years. N Engl J Med 1995;332:281-5.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 281-285
    • Auger, J.1    Kunstmann, J.M.2    Czyglik, F.3    Jouannet, P.4
  • 46
    • 28944438183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant decline in sperm concentration in infertile males in an urban population: Experience over 18 years
    • Lackner J, Schatzl G, Waldhör T, Resch K, Kratzik C, Marberger M. Constant decline in sperm concentration in infertile males in an urban population: Experience over 18 years. Fertil Steril 2005;84:1657-61.
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.84 , pp. 1657-1661
    • Lackner, J.1    Schatzl, G.2    Waldhör, T.3    Resch, K.4    Kratzik, C.5    Marberger, M.6
  • 47
    • 0042880023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of trend in semen analysis for 11 years in subjects attending a fertility clinic in India
    • Marimuthu P, Kapilashrami MC, Misro MM, Singh G. Evaluation of trend in semen analysis for 11 years in subjects attending a fertility clinic in India. Asian J Androl 2003;5:221-5.
    • (2003) Asian J Androl , vol.5 , pp. 221-225
    • Marimuthu, P.1    Kapilashrami, M.C.2    Misro, M.M.3    Singh, G.4
  • 48
    • 0029939323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: No decline in quality
    • Fisch H, Goluboff ET, Olson JH, Feldshuh J, Broder SJ, Barad DH. Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: No decline in quality. Fertil Steril 1996;65:1009-14.
    • (1996) Fertil Steril , vol.65 , pp. 1009-1014
    • Fisch, H.1    Goluboff, E.T.2    Olson, J.H.3    Feldshuh, J.4    Broder, S.J.5    Barad, D.H.6
  • 51
    • 33645220243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen quality in fertile US men in relation to geographical area and pesticide exposure
    • Swan SH. Semen quality in fertile US men in relation to geographical area and pesticide exposure. Int J Androl 2006;29:62-8.
    • (2006) Int J Androl , vol.29 , pp. 62-68
    • Swan, S.H.1
  • 52
    • 0029919777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variations in sperm counts: A potential cause of bias in studies of semen quality
    • Fisch H, Goluboff ET. Geographic variations in sperm counts: A potential cause of bias in studies of semen quality. Fertil Steril 1996;65:1044-6.
    • (1996) Fertil Steril , vol.65 , pp. 1044-1046
    • Fisch, H.1    Goluboff, E.T.2
  • 53
  • 54
    • 1642267349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen parameters in patients with unilateral testicular cancer compared to patients with other malignancies
    • Bussen S, Sütterlin M, Steck T, Dietl J. Semen parameters in patients with unilateral testicular cancer compared to patients with other malignancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2004;269:196-8.
    • (2004) Arch Gynecol Obstet , vol.269 , pp. 196-198
    • Bussen, S.1    Sütterlin, M.2    Steck, T.3    Dietl, J.4
  • 55
  • 57
    • 0021141235 scopus 로고
    • Depressed semen quality: A study over two decades
    • Osser S, Liedholm P, Ranstam J. Depressed semen quality: A study over two decades. Arch Androl 1984;12:113-6.
    • (1984) Arch Androl , vol.12 , pp. 113-116
    • Osser, S.1    Liedholm, P.2    Ranstam, J.3
  • 58
    • 0033724655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The question of declining sperm density revisited: An analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996
    • Swan SH, Elkin EP, Fenster L. The question of declining sperm density revisited: An analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:961-6.
    • (2000) Environ Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 961-966
    • Swan, S.H.1    Elkin, E.P.2    Fenster, L.3
  • 60
    • 70349499342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen quality decline among men in infertile relationships: Experience over 12 years in the South of Tunisia
    • Feki NC, Abid N, Rebai A, Sellami A, Ayed BB, Guermazi M, et al. Semen quality decline among men in infertile relationships: Experience over 12 years in the South of Tunisia. J Androl 2009;30:541-7.
    • (2009) J Androl , vol.30 , pp. 541-547
    • Feki, N.C.1    Abid, N.2    Rebai, A.3    Sellami, A.4    Ayed, B.B.5    Guermazi, M.6
  • 62
    • 84863660032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of semen quality among 10 932 males consulting for couple infertility over a 20-year period in Marseille, France
    • Geoffroy-Siraudin C, Loundou AD, Romain F, Achard V, Courbière B, Perrard MH, et al. Decline of semen quality among 10 932 males consulting for couple infertility over a 20-year period in Marseille, France. Asian J Androl 2012;14:584-90.
    • (2012) Asian J Androl , vol.14 , pp. 584-590
    • Geoffroy-Siraudin, C.1    Loundou, A.D.2    Romain, F.3    Achard, V.4    Courbière, B.5    Perrard, M.H.6
  • 63
    • 84864258685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human semen quality in the new millennium: A prospective cross-sectional population-based study of 4867 men
    • Jørgensen N, Joensen UN, Jensen TK, Jensen MB, Almstrup K, Olesen IA, et al. Human semen quality in the new millennium: A prospective cross-sectional population-based study of 4867 men. BMJ Open 2012;2. pii: E000990.
    • (2012) BMJ Open , vol.2
    • Jørgensen, N.1    Joensen, U.N.2    Jensen, T.K.3    Jensen, M.B.4    Almstrup, K.5    Olesen, I.A.6
  • 64
    • 79955429686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No secular trend over the last decade in sperm counts among Swedish men from the general population
    • Axelsson J, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Giwercman A. No secular trend over the last decade in sperm counts among Swedish men from the general population. Hum Reprod 2011;26:1012-6.
    • (2011) Hum Reprod , vol.26 , pp. 1012-1016
    • Axelsson, J.1    Rylander, L.2    Rignell-Hydbom, A.3    Giwercman, A.4
  • 66
    • 70350575067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining semen quality among South Indian infertile men: A retrospective study
    • Adiga SK, Jayaraman V, Kalthur G, Upadhya D, Kumar P. Declining semen quality among South Indian infertile men: A retrospective study. J Hum Reprod Sci 2008;1:15-8.
    • (2008) J Hum Reprod Sci , vol.1 , pp. 15-18
    • Adiga, S.K.1    Jayaraman, V.2    Kalthur, G.3    Upadhya, D.4    Kumar, P.5
  • 67
    • 0027336761 scopus 로고
    • Declining sperm counts in men-Is there an endocrine cause?
    • Sharpe RM. Declining sperm counts in men-Is there an endocrine cause? J Endocrinol 1993;136:357-60.
    • (1993) J Endocrinol , vol.136 , pp. 357-360
    • Sharpe, R.M.1
  • 68
    • 84949301503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Last updated on Jan 27]
    • Available from: http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Maleand Female-Infertility-Just-Keeps-on Rising/2014/01/27/article2021526. ece1. [Last updated on 2014 Jan 27].
    • (2014)
  • 69
    • 84879729039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenge of infertility: How protective the yoga therapy is?
    • Sengupta P. Challenge of infertility: How protective the yoga therapy is? Anc Sci Life 2012;32:61-2.
    • (2012) Anc Sci Life , vol.32 , pp. 61-62
    • Sengupta, P.1
  • 70
    • 84871232418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and occupational exposure of metals and their role in male reproductive functions
    • Sengupta P. Environmental and occupational exposure of metals and their role in male reproductive functions. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013;36:353-68.
    • (2013) Drug Chem Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 353-368
    • Sengupta, P.1
  • 71
    • 77952566281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semen quality and age-specific changes: A study between two decades on 3,729 male partners of couples with normal sperm count and attending an andrology laboratory for infertility-related problems in an Indian city
    • Mukhopadhyay D, Varghese AC, Pal M, Banerjee SK, Bhattacharyya AK, Sharma RK, et al. Semen quality and age-specific changes: A study between two decades on 3,729 male partners of couples with normal sperm count and attending an andrology laboratory for infertility-related problems in an Indian city. Fertil Steril 2010;93:2247-54.
    • (2010) Fertil Steril , vol.93 , pp. 2247-2254
    • Mukhopadhyay, D.1    Varghese, A.C.2    Pal, M.3    Banerjee, S.K.4    Bhattacharyya, A.K.5    Sharma, R.K.6
  • 73
    • 0014603925 scopus 로고
    • Vascular patterns of the human testis with special reference to its senile changes
    • Sasano N, Ichijo S. Vascular patterns of the human testis with special reference to its senile changes. Tohoku J Exp Med 1969;99:269-80.
    • (1969) Tohoku J Exp Med , vol.99 , pp. 269-280
    • Sasano, N.1    Ichijo, S.2
  • 74
    • 0033025093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of semen quality in North-Eastern Spain: A study in 22,759 infertile men over a 36 year period
    • Andolz P, Bielsa MA, Vila J. Evolution of semen quality in North-Eastern Spain: A study in 22,759 infertile men over a 36 year period. Hum Reprod 1999;14:731-5.
    • (1999) Hum Reprod , vol.14 , pp. 731-735
    • Andolz, P.1    Bielsa, M.A.2    Vila, J.3
  • 75
    • 33750503417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen effects on fetal and neonatal testicular development
    • Delbès G, Levacher C, Habert R. Estrogen effects on fetal and neonatal testicular development. Reproduction 2006;132:527-38.
    • (2006) Reproduction , vol.132 , pp. 527-538
    • Delbès, G.1    Levacher, C.2    Habert, R.3
  • 76
    • 0036320398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational and lactational exposure of male mice to diethylstilbestrol causes long-term effects on the testis, sperm fertilizing ability in vitro, and testicular gene expression
    • Fielden MR, Halgren RG, Fong CJ, Staub C, Johnson L, Chou K, et al. Gestational and lactational exposure of male mice to diethylstilbestrol causes long-term effects on the testis, sperm fertilizing ability in vitro, and testicular gene expression. Endocrinology 2002;143:3044-59.
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , pp. 3044-3059
    • Fielden, M.R.1    Halgren, R.G.2    Fong, C.J.3    Staub, C.4    Johnson, L.5    Chou, K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.