High-performance flexible electrochromic device based on facile semiconductor-To-metal transition realized by WO3?2H2O ultrathin nanosheets

Scientific Reports

Volumn 3, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Liang, Lin ^a   Zhang, Jiajia ^a   Zhou, Yingying ^a   Xie, Junfeng ^a   Zhang, Xiaodong ^a   Guan, Meili ^a   Pan, Bicai ^a   Xie, Yi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949202613     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep01936     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Choy, J. H. et al. New solution route to electrochromic poly(acrylic acid)/WO3 hybrid film. Chem. Mater. 12, 2950-2956 (2000).
2. Santato, C., Odziemkowski, M., Ulmann, M. & Augustynski, J. Crystallographically oriented mesoporousWO3 films: synthesis, characterization, and applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 10639-10649 (2001).
3. Lee, S. H. et al. Electrochromic mechanism in a-WO3-y thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 242-244 (1999).
4. Niklasson, G. A. & Granqvist, C. G. Electrochromics for smart windows: thin films of tungsten oxide and nickel oxide, and devices based on these. J. Mater. Chem. 17, 127-156 (2007).
5. Mortimer, R. J., Dyer, A. L. & Reynolds, J. R. Electrochromic organic and polymeric materials for display applications. Displays 27, 2-18 (2006).
6. Byker, H. J. Electrochromics and polymers. Electrochim. Acta 46, 2015-2022 (2001).
7. Gillaspie, D. T., Tenent, R. C. & Dillon, A. C. Metal-oxide films for electrochromic applications: present technology and future directions. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 9585-9592 (2010).
8. Lin, Y.-S., Chiang, Y.-L. & Lai, J.-Y. Effects of oxygen addition to the electrochromic properties of WO3-z thin films sputtered on flexible PET/ITO substrates. Solid State Ionics 180, 99-105 (2009).
9. White, C. M., Gillaspie, D. T., Whitney, E., Lee, S. H. & Dillon, A. C. Flexible electrochromic devices based on crystalline WO3 nanostructures produced with hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films 517, 3596-3599 (2009).
10. Bessiere, A. et al. Sol-gel deposition of electrochromic WO3 thin film on flexible ITO/PET substrate. Electrochim. Acta 46, 2251-2256 (2001).
11. Lin, Y. S., Lai, J. Y., Tsai, T. H., Chuang, P. Y. & Chen, Y. C. Effects of oxygen addition on electrochromic properties in low temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition-synthesized MoOxCy thin films for flexible electrochromic devices. Thin Solid Films 519, 3875-3882 (2011).
12. Argun, A. A. & Reynolds, J. R. Line patterning for flexible and laterally configured electrochromic devices. J. Mater. Chem. 15, 1793-1800 (2005).
13. Yao, Z., Di, J., Yong, Z., Zhao, Z. & Li, Q. Aligned coaxial tungsten oxide-carbon nanotube sheet: a flexible and gradient electrochromic film. Chem. Commun. 48, 8252-8254 (2012).
14. Ke, L., Kumar, R. S., Chua, S. J. & Burden, A. P. Degradation study in flexible substrate organic light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. A. 81, 969-974 (2005).
15. Chen, D. et al. The enhanced alcohol-sensing response of ultrathin WO3 nanoplates. Nanotechnology 21, 035501 (2010).
16. Feng, J. et al.Metallic few-layered VS2 ultrathin nanosheets: high two-dimensional conductivity for in-plane supercapacitors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 17832-17838 (2011).
17. Xie, J. et al. Layer-by-layer b-Ni(OH)2/graphene nanohybrids for ultraflexible allsolid-state thin-film supercapacitors with high electrochemical performance. Nano Energy 2, 65-74 (2013).
18. Feng, J. et al. Giant moisture responsiveness of VS2 ultrathin nanosheets for novel touchless positioning interface. Adv. Mater. 24, 1969-1974 (2012).
19. Sun, Y., Wu, Q. & Shi, G. Graphene based new energy materials. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 1113-1132 (2011).
20. Zhu, Y. et al. Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene. Science 332, 1537-1541 (2011).
21. Meric, I. et al. Current saturation in zero-bandgap, topgated graphene field-effect transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 654-659 (2008).
22. Sun, Y. et al. Fabrication of flexible and freestanding zinc chalcogenide single layers. Nat. Commun. 3 (2012).
23. Ma, R. & Sasaki, T. Nanosheets of oxides and hydroxides: ultimate 2D chargebearing functional crystallites. Adv. Mater. 22, 5082-5104 (2010).
24. Osada, M. & Sasaki, T. Exfoliated oxide nanosheets: new solution to nanoelectronics. J. Mater. Chem. 19, 2503-2511 (2009).
25. Park, S. Y., Lee, J. M., Noh, C. & Son, S. U. Colloidal approach for tungsten oxide nanorod-based electrochromic systems with highly improved response times and color efficiencies. J. Mater. Chem. 19, 7959-7964 (2009).
26. Lee, S. H. et al. CrystallineWO3 nanoparticles for highly improved electrochromic applications. Adv. Mater. 18, 763-766 (2006).
27. Zhang, J. et al. Enhanced electrochromic performance of macroporousWO3 films formed by anodic oxidation of DC-sputtered tungsten layers. Electrochim. Acta 55, 6953-6958 (2010).
28. Bessiere, A. et al. Flexible electrochromic reflectance device based on tungsten oxide for infrared emissivity control. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 1589-1594 (2002).
29. Zheng, H. et al. Nanostructured tungsten oxide -properties, synthesis, and applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 2175-2196 (2011).
30. Xie, Z. et al. Fast fabrication of WO3?2H2O thin film with improved electrochromic properties. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 19904-19910 (2012).
31. Wei, X. L. & Shen, P. K. Electrochromics of single crystallineWO3?H2Onanorods Electrochem. Commun. 8, 293-298 (2006).
32. Costa, C., Pinheiro, C., Henriques, I. & Laia, C. A. T. Inkjet printing of sol-gel synthesized hydrated tungsten oxide nanoparticles for flexible electrochromic devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4, 1330-1340 (2012).
33. Judeinstein, P. & Livage, J. Electrochemical mechanisms in tungsten oxide thin films. J. Chim. Phys. 90, 1137-1147 (1993).
34. Marcel, C. & Tarascon, J. M. An all-plasticWO3?H2O/polyaniline electrochromic device. Solid State Ionics 143, 89-101 (2001).
35. Li, Y. M., Hibino, M., Miyayania, M. & Kudo, T. Proton conductivity of tungsten trioxide hydrates at intermediate temperature. Solid State Ionics 134, 271-279 (2000).
36. Kattouf, B., Frey, G. L., Siegmann, A. & Ein-Eli, Y. Enhanced reversible electrochromism via in situ phase transformation in tungstate monohydrate. Chem. Commun. 7396-7398 (2009).
37. Kalantar-zadeh, K. et al. Synthesis of atomically thin WO3 sheets from hydrated tungsten trioxide. Chem. Mater. 22, 5660-5666 (2010).
38. Sun, Y. et al. Freestanding tin disulfide single-layers realizing efficient visible-light water splitting. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 8727-8731 (2012).
39. Deliang, C., Lian, G., Yasumori, A., Kuroda, K. & Sugahara, Y. Size-And shapecontrolled conversion of tungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid belts to WO3 nanoplates with high specific surface areas. Small 4, 1813-1822 (2008).
40. Balaji, S., Djaoued, Y., Albert, A. S., Ferguson, R. Z. & Bruening, R. Hexagonal tungsten oxide based electrochromic devices: spectroscopic evidence for the Li ion occupancy of four-coordinated square windows. Chem. Mater. 21, 1381-1389 (2009).
41. Liao, C. C., Chen, F. R. & Kai, J. J.WO3-x nanowires based electrochromic devices. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90, 1147-1155 (2006).
42. Souza, F. L., Aegerter, M. A. & Leite, E. R. Solid hybrid polyelectrolyte with high performance in electrochromic devices: Electrochemical stability and optical study. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 1825-1830 (2007).
43. Jiao, Z., Sun, X. W., Wang, J., Ke, L. & Demir, H. V. Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO3 films and their electrochromic characteristics. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43, 285501 (2010).
44. Gubbala, S., Thangala, J. & Sunkara, M. K. Nanowire-based electrochromic devices. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 813-820 (2007).
45. Wang, M. et al. High optical switching speed and flexible electrochromic display based on WO3 nanoparticles with ZnO nanorod arrays' supported electrode. Nanotechnology 20, 185304 (2009).
46. Broclawik, E., Gora, A., Liguzinski, P., Petelenz, P. & Slawik, M. Quantum chemical modelling of the process of lithium insertion into WO3 films. Catal. Today 101, 155-162 (2005).
47. Granqvist, C. G. Electrochromic tungsten oxide films: review of progress 1993-1998. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 60, 201-262 (2000).
48. Green, M. & Pita, K. Non-stoichiometry in thin film dilute tungsten bronzes: MxWO3-y. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 43, 393-411 (1996).
49. Kamal, H., Akl, A. A. & Abdel-Hady, K. Influence of proton insertion on the conductivity, structural and optical properties of amorphous and crystalline electrochromic WO3 films. Physica B 349, 192-205 (2004).
50. Jiao, Z. et al. Electrochromic properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (hydrate) films and their applications in a complementary electrochromic device. Electrochim. Acta 63, 153-160 (2012).
51. Mortimer, R. J. Electrochromic Materials. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 41, 241-268 (2011).
52. Xiong, C., Aliev, A. E., Gnade, B. & Balkus, K. J. Jr. Fabrication of silver vanadium oxide and V2O5 nanowires for electrochromics. ACS Nano 2, 293-301 (2008).
53. Chen, D. et al. A comparative study on reactions of n-Alkylamines with tungstic acids with various W-O octahedral layers: Novel evidence for the dissolutionreorganization mechanism. Mater. Chem. Phys. 125, 838-845 (2011).
54. Freedman, M. L. The tungstic acids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 3834-3839 (1959).