메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 99-119

Imaging techniques for the assessment of ectopic fat in liver and skeletal muscle

Author keywords

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); Proton density fat fraction (PDFF)

Indexed keywords


EID: 84948751081     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4920-0_4     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (1)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0033849777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and insulin resistance
    • Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000;106(4):473-81.
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 473-481
    • Kahn, B.B.1    Flier, J.S.2
  • 2
    • 77955657267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: The missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009
    • DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009. Diabetologia. 2010;53(7):1270-87.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 1270-1287
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 3
    • 84867340470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the obese adolescent: A growing challenge
    • Caprio S. Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the obese adolescent: a growing challenge. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(5):791-5.
    • (2012) Endocr Pract , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 791-795
    • Caprio, S.1
  • 4
    • 84877900838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal complications of obesity: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its sequelae
    • Karlas T, Wiegand J, Berg T. Gastrointestinal complications of obesity: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its sequelae. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;27(2):195-208.
    • (2013) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-208
    • Karlas, T.1    Wiegand, J.2    Berg, T.3
  • 5
    • 84884210651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity as the common soil of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: Role of adipokines
    • Hui E, Xu A, Bo Yang H, Lam KS. Obesity as the common soil of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: role of adipokines. J Diabetes Investig. 2013;4(5):413-25.
    • (2013) J Diabetes Investig , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 413-425
    • Hui, E.1    Xu, A.2    Bo Yang, H.3    Lam, K.S.4
  • 6
    • 84884860377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes
    • Birkenfeld AL, Shulman GI. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Hepatology. 2014;59(2):713-23.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 713-723
    • Birkenfeld, A.L.1    Shulman, G.I.2
  • 8
    • 84884508163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review: Burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care?
    • Oni ET, Agatston AS, Blaha MJ, Fialkow J, Cury R, Sposito A, et al. A systematic review: burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care? Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):258-67.
    • (2013) Atherosclerosis , vol.230 , Issue.2 , pp. 258-267
    • Oni, E.T.1    Agatston, A.S.2    Blaha, M.J.3    Fialkow, J.4    Cury, R.5    Sposito, A.6
  • 9
    • 84902672359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yki-Jarvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70032-4. Epub ahead of print.
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1
  • 10
    • 52649158262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic fat and insulin resistance
    • Lettner A, Roden M. Ectopic fat and insulin resistance. Curr Diab Rep. 2008;8(3):185-91.
    • (2008) Curr Diab Rep , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-191
    • Lettner, A.1    Roden, M.2
  • 12
    • 84876035311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic fat deposition and global cardiometabolic risk: New paradigm in cardiovascular medicine
    • )
    • Shimabukuro M, Kozuka C, Taira S, Yabiku K, Dagvasumberel M, Ishida M, et al. Ectopic fat deposition and global cardiometabolic risk: new paradigm in cardiovascular medicine. J Med Invest. 2013;60(1-2):1-14.
    • (2013) J Med Invest , vol.60 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-14
    • Shimabukuro, M.1    Kozuka, C.2    Taira, S.3    Yabiku, K.4    Dagvasumberel, M.5    Ishida, M.6
  • 13
    • 84894257853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical approaches to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Schwenger KJ, Allard JP. Clinical approaches to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(7):1712-23.
    • (2014) World J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 1712-1723
    • Schwenger, K.J.1    Allard, J.P.2
  • 15
    • 84873637593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A novel ardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes and its complications
    • Targher G, Byrne CD. Clinical review: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a novel ardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes and its complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(2):483-95.
    • (2013) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 483-495
    • Targher, G.1    Byrne, C.D.2
  • 16
    • 84894234723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Ballestri S, Lonardo A, Bonapace S, Byrne CD, Loria P, Targher G. Risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(7):1724-45.
    • (2014) World J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 1724-1745
    • Ballestri, S.1    Lonardo, A.2    Bonapace, S.3    Byrne, C.D.4    Loria, P.5    Targher, G.6
  • 17
    • 22544454497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle lipid metabolism in the metabolic syndrome
    • Perseghin G. Muscle lipid metabolism in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2005;16(4):416-20.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Lipidol , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 416-420
    • Perseghin, G.1
  • 18
    • 0030969532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action
    • Pan DA, Lillioja S, Kriketos AD, Milner MR, Baur LA, Bogardus C, et al. Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action. Diabetes. 1997;46(6):983-8.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 983-988
    • Pan, D.A.1    Lillioja, S.2    Kriketos, A.D.3    Milner, M.R.4    Baur, L.A.5    Bogardus, C.6
  • 19
    • 0037026745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(5A):11G-8.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , Issue.5A
    • Petersen, K.F.1    Shulman, G.I.2
  • 20
    • 0032764784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramyocellular triglyceride content is a determinant of in vivo insulin resistance in humans: A 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents
    • Perseghin G, Scifo P, De Cobelli F, Pagliato E, Battezzati A, Arcelloni C, et al. Intramyocellular triglyceride content is a determinant of in vivo insulin resistance in humans: a 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. Diabetes. 1999;48(8):1600-6.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.8 , pp. 1600-1606
    • Perseghin, G.1    Scifo, P.2    De Cobelli, F.3    Pagliato, E.4    Battezzati, A.5    Arcelloni, C.6
  • 21
    • 0032960890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects
    • Jacob S, Machann J, Rett K, Brechtel K, Volk A, Renn W, et al. Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1999;48(5):1113-9.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 1113-1119
    • Jacob, S.1    Machann, J.2    Rett, K.3    Brechtel, K.4    Volk, A.5    Renn, W.6
  • 22
    • 0036788293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes
    • Kelley DE, He J, Menshikova EV, Ritov VB. Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):2944-50.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.10 , pp. 2944-2950
    • Kelley, D.E.1    He, J.2    Menshikova, E.V.3    Ritov, V.B.4
  • 23
    • 34548626600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Teranishi T, Ohara T, Maeda K, Zenibayashi M, Kouyama K, Hirota Y, et al. Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2007;56(10):1418-24.
    • (2007) Metabolism , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1418-1424
    • Teranishi, T.1    Ohara, T.2    Maeda, K.3    Zenibayashi, M.4    Kouyama, K.5    Hirota, Y.6
  • 24
    • 84906774778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Bradford V, Dillon J, Miller M. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepat Med. 2014;6:1-10.
    • (2014) Hepat Med , vol.6 , pp. 1-10
    • Bradford, V.1    Dillon, J.2    Miller, M.3
  • 25
    • 84857946710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Rabl C, Campos GM. The impact of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Semin Liver Dis. 2012;32(1):80-91.
    • (2012) Semin Liver Dis , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-91
    • Rabl, C.1    Campos, G.M.2
  • 26
    • 80054091845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of type 2 diabetes: Normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol
    • Lim EL, Hollingsworth KG, Aribisala BS, Chen MJ, Mathers JC, Taylor R. Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia. 2011;54(10):2506-14.
    • (2011) Diabetologia , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 2506-2514
    • Lim, E.L.1    Hollingsworth, K.G.2    Aribisala, B.S.3    Chen, M.J.4    Mathers, J.C.5    Taylor, R.6
  • 28
    • 84901193933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitizers for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Ozturk ZA, Kadayifci A. Insulin sensitizers for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol. 2014;6(4):199-206.
    • (2014) World J Hepatol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 199-206
    • Ozturk, Z.A.1    Kadayifci, A.2
  • 29
    • 80055042241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of thiazolidinediones in non-alcoholic ste- atohepatitis - a systematic review and meta analysis
    • Mahady SE, Webster AC, Walker S, Sanyal A, George J. The role of thiazolidinediones in non-alcoholic ste- atohepatitis - a systematic review and meta analysis. J Hepatol. 2011;55(6):1383-90.
    • (2011) J Hepatol , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 1383-1390
    • Mahady, S.E.1    Webster, A.C.2    Walker, S.3    Sanyal, A.4    George, J.5
  • 30
    • 84896770640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and rationale of the WELCOME trial: A randomised, placebo controlled study to test the efficacy of purified long chain omega-3 fatty treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Scorletti E, Bhatia L, McCormick KG, Clough GF, Nash K, Calder PC, et al. Design and rationale of the WELCOME trial: a randomised, placebo controlled study to test the efficacy of purified long chain omega-3 fatty treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Contemp Clin Trials. 2014;37(2):301-11.
    • (2014) Contemp Clin Trials , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-311
    • Scorletti, E.1    Bhatia, L.2    Mc Cormick, K.G.3    Clough, G.F.4    Nash, K.5    Calder, P.C.6
  • 32
    • 84899980130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through 11-PHSD1 inhibition
    • Ratziu V. Targeting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through 11-PHSD1 inhibition. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:354-6.
    • (2014) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol , vol.2 , pp. 354-356
    • Ratziu, V.1
  • 33
    • 68049120181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance
    • Schwenzer NF, Springer F, Schraml C, Stefan N, Machann J, Schick F. Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. J Hepatol. 2009;51(3):433-45.
    • (2009) J Hepatol , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 433-445
    • Schwenzer, N.F.1    Springer, F.2    Schraml, C.3    Stefan, N.4    Machann, J.5    Schick, F.6
  • 34
    • 84902651902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiologic evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Lee SS, Park SH. Radiologic evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(23):7392-402.
    • (2014) World J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , Issue.23 , pp. 7392-7402
    • Lee, S.S.1    Park, S.H.2
  • 35
    • 80052996528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
    • Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB. Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;34(4):729-49.
    • (2011) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-749
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Cruite, I.2    Hamilton, G.3    Sirlin, C.B.4
  • 36
    • 46749118830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1)H MR spectroscopy of skeletal muscle, liver and bone marrow
    • Machann J, Stefan N, Schick F. (1)H MR spectroscopy of skeletal muscle, liver and bone marrow. Eur J Radiol. 2008;67(2):275-84.
    • (2008) Eur J Radiol , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-284
    • Machann, J.1    Stefan, N.2    Schick, F.3
  • 37
    • 0021132985 scopus 로고
    • Simple proton spectroscopic imaging
    • Dixon WT. Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1984;153(1):189-94.
    • (1984) Radiology , vol.153 , Issue.1 , pp. 189-194
    • Dixon, W.T.1
  • 38
    • 0026216918 scopus 로고
    • Multipoint Dixon technique for water and fat proton and susceptibility imaging
    • Glover GH. Multipoint Dixon technique for water and fat proton and susceptibility imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1991;1(5):521-30.
    • (1991) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 521-530
    • Glover, G.H.1
  • 41
    • 84886726849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of absolute fat mass by magnetic resonance imaging: A validation study against chemical analysis
    • Hu HH, Li Y, Nagy TR, Goran MI, Nayak KS. Quantification of absolute fat mass by magnetic resonance imaging: a validation study against chemical analysis. Int J Body Compos Res. 2011;9(3):111-22.
    • (2011) Int J Body Compos Res , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 111-122
    • Hu, H.H.1    Li, Y.2    Nagy, T.R.3    Goran, M.I.4    Nayak, K.S.5
  • 42
    • 84867834721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton density fat- fraction: A standardized MR-based biomarker of tissue fat concentration
    • Reeder SB, Hu HH, Sirlin CB. Proton density fat- fraction: a standardized MR-based biomarker of tissue fat concentration. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36(5):1011-4.
    • (2012) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 1011-1014
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Hu, H.H.2    Sirlin, C.B.3
  • 43
    • 0027585532 scopus 로고
    • Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography
    • Longo R, Ricci C, Masutti F, Vidimari R, Croce LS, Bercich L, et al. Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography. Invest Radiol. 1993;28(4):297-302.
    • (1993) Invest Radiol , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-302
    • Longo, R.1    Ricci, C.2    Masutti, F.3    Vidimari, R.4    Croce, L.S.5    Bercich, L.6
  • 45
    • 0029300637 scopus 로고
    • Proton MR spectroscopy in quantitative in vivo determination of fat content in human liver steatosis
    • Longo R, Pollesello P, Ricci C, Vidimari R, Croce LS, Bercich L, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy in quantitative in vivo determination of fat content in human liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;5(3):281-5.
    • (1995) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-285
    • Longo, R.1    Pollesello, P.2    Ricci, C.3    Vidimari, R.L.4    Croce, L.S.5    Bercich, L.6
  • 46
    • 12144259379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population
    • Szczepaniak LS, Nurenberg P, Leonard D, Browning JD, Reingold JS, Grundy S, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;288(2):E462-8.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.288 , Issue.2
    • Szczepaniak, L.S.1    Nurenberg, P.2    Leonard, D.3    Browning, J.D.4    Reingold, J.S.5    Grundy, S.6
  • 47
    • 67650091408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of PRESS and STEAM sequences on magnetic resonance spectroscopic liver fat quantification
    • Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Bydder M, Yokoo T, Schwimmer JB, Kono Y, et al. Effect of PRESS and STEAM sequences on magnetic resonance spectroscopic liver fat quantification. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;30(1):145-52.
    • (2009) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-152
    • Hamilton, G.1    Middleton, M.S.2    Bydder, M.3    Yokoo, T.4    Schwimmer, J.B.5    Kono, Y.6
  • 48
    • 70249092550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of hepatic lipid: High-speed T2-corrected multiecho acquisition at 1H MR spec- troscopy-a rapid and accurate technique
    • Pineda N, Sharma P, Xu Q, Hu X, Vos M, Martin DR. Measurement of hepatic lipid: high-speed T2-corrected multiecho acquisition at 1H MR spec- troscopy-a rapid and accurate technique. Radiology. 2009;252(2):568-76.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.252 , Issue.2 , pp. 568-576
    • Pineda, N.1    Sharma, P.2    Xu, Q.3    Hu, X.4    Vos, M.5    Martin, D.R.6
  • 49
    • 0027457161 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of localized proton NMR signals of skeletal muscle and fat tissue in vivo: Two lipid compartments in muscle tissue
    • Schick F, Eismann B, Jung WI, Bongers H, Bunse M, Lutz O. Comparison of localized proton NMR signals of skeletal muscle and fat tissue in vivo: two lipid compartments in muscle tissue. Magn Reson Med. 1993;29(2):158-67.
    • (1993) Magn Reson Med , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 158-167
    • Schick, F.1    Eismann, B.2    Jung, W.3    Bongers, H.4    Bunse, M.5    Lutz, O.6
  • 50
    • 0030946601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo determination of intra-myocellular lipids in human muscle by means of localized 1H-MR-spectroscopy
    • Boesch C, Slotboom J, Hoppeler H, Kreis R. In vivo determination of intra-myocellular lipids in human muscle by means of localized 1H-MR-spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37(4):484-93.
    • (1997) Magn Reson Med , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 484-493
    • Boesch, C.1    Slotboom, J.2    Hoppeler, H.3    Kreis, R.4
  • 51
    • 0030279921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially localized, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and in vivo application to human muscle
    • Kreis R, Boesch C. Spatially localized, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and in vivo application to human muscle. J Magn Reson B. 1996;113(2):103-18.
    • (1996) J Magn Reson B , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-118
    • Kreis, R.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 52
    • 0033493293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of intramyocellular lipids by means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Boesch C, Decombaz J, Slotboom J, Kreis R. Observation of intramyocellular lipids by means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999;58(4):841-50.
    • (1999) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 841-850
    • Boesch, C.1    Decombaz, J.2    Slotboom, J.3    Kreis, R.4
  • 53
    • 34249682613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of radiologic modalities in the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    • viii
    • Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Lindor KD. Role of radiologic modalities in the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2007;11(1):37-54, viii.
    • (2007) Clin Liver Dis , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-54
    • Charatcharoenwitthaya, P.1    Lindor, K.D.2
  • 54
    • 12944284724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative estimation of attenuation in ultrasound video images: Correlation with histology in diffuse liver disease
    • Graif M, Yanuka M, Baraz M, Blank A, Moshkovitz M, Kessler A, et al. Quantitative estimation of attenuation in ultrasound video images: correlation with histology in diffuse liver disease. Invest Radiol. 2000;35(5):319-24.
    • (2000) Invest Radiol , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 319-324
    • Graif, M.1    Yanuka, M.2    Baraz, M.3    Blank, A.4    Moshkovitz, M.5    Kessler, A.6
  • 56
    • 2642521468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients
    • Mottin CC, Moretto M, Padoin AV, Swarowsky AM, Toneto MG, Glock L, et al. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg. 2004;14(5):635-7.
    • (2004) Obes Surg , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 635-637
    • Mottin, C.C.1    Moretto, M.2    Padoin, A.V.3    Swarowsky, A.M.4    Toneto, M.G.5    Glock, L.6
  • 58
    • 0347479217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living related liver donors: Correlation between CT and histologic findings
    • Limanond P, Raman SS, Lassman C, Sayre J, Ghobrial RM, Busuttil RW, et al. Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living related liver donors: correlation between CT and histologic findings. Radiology. 2004;230(1):276-80.
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.230 , Issue.1 , pp. 276-280
    • Limanond, P.1    Raman, S.S.2    Lassman, C.3    Sayre, J.4    Ghobrial, R.M.5    Busuttil, R.W.6
  • 60
    • 34447509617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unenhanced CT for assessment of macrove- sicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donors: Comparison of visual grading with liver attenuation index
    • Lee SW, Park SH, Kim KW, Choi EK, Shin YM, Kim PN, et al. Unenhanced CT for assessment of macrove- sicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donors: comparison of visual grading with liver attenuation index. Radiology. 2007;244(2):479-85.
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.244 , Issue.2 , pp. 479-485
    • Lee, S.W.1    Park, S.H.2    Kim, K.W.3    Choi, E.K.4    Shin, Y.M.5    Kim, P.N.6
  • 61
    • 33845621446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidetector row CT attenuation measurements: Assessment of intra- and interscanner variability with an anthropomorphic body CT phantom
    • Birnbaum BA, Hindman N, Lee J, Babb JS. Multidetector row CT attenuation measurements: assessment of intra- and interscanner variability with an anthropomorphic body CT phantom. Radiology. 2007;242(1):109-19.
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.242 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-119
    • Birnbaum, B.A.1    Hindman, N.2    Lee, J.3    Babb, J.S.4
  • 62
    • 69349096036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation from medical imaging procedures
    • Fazel R, Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Ross JS, Chen J, Ting HH, et al. Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation from medical imaging procedures. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(9):849-57.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , Issue.9 , pp. 849-857
    • Fazel, R.1    Krumholz, H.M.2    Wang, Y.3    Ross, J.S.4    Chen, J.5    Ting, H.H.6
  • 64
    • 53149105563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla
    • Ren J, Dimitrov I, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla. J Lipid Res. 2008;49(9):2055-62.
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 2055-2062
    • Ren, J.1    Dimitrov, I.2    Sherry, A.D.3    Malloy, C.R.4
  • 65
    • 84860397158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the double bonds in triglycerides
    • Bydder M, Girard O, Hamilton G. Mapping the double bonds in triglycerides. Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;29(8):1041-6.
    • (2011) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1041-1046
    • Bydder, M.1    Girard, O.2    Hamilton, G.3
  • 66
    • 84888202975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative proton MR techniques for measuring fat
    • Hu HH, Kan HE. Quantitative proton MR techniques for measuring fat. NMR Biomed. 2013;26(12):1609-29.
    • (2013) NMR Biomed , vol.26 , Issue.12 , pp. 1609-1629
    • Hu, H.H.1    Kan, H.E.2
  • 67
    • 0023636904 scopus 로고
    • Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo
    • Bottomley PA. Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;508:333-48.
    • (1987) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.508 , pp. 333-348
    • Bottomley, P.A.1
  • 68
    • 0000085492 scopus 로고
    • Selected volume excitation using stimulated echoes (VEST): Applications to spatially localized spectroscopy and imaging
    • Granot J. Selected volume excitation using stimulated echoes (VEST): applications to spatially localized spectroscopy and imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1986;70:488-92.
    • (1986) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.70 , pp. 488-492
    • Granot, J.1
  • 69
  • 70
    • 33746850826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial localization in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Keevil SF. Spatial localization in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51(16):R579-636.
    • (2006) Phys Med Biol , vol.51 , Issue.16
    • Keevil, S.F.1
  • 72
    • 0035579044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo detection and quantification of scalar coupled 1H NMR resonances
    • De Graff R, Rothman DL. In vivo detection and quantification of scalar coupled 1H NMR resonances. Concepts Magn Reson. 2001;13:32-76.
    • (2001) Concepts Magn Reson , vol.13 , pp. 32-76
    • De Graff, R.1    Rothman, D.L.2
  • 74
    • 0034963583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopy quantitation: A review of time-domain methods
    • Vanhamme L, Sundin T, Hecke PV, Huffel SV. MR spectroscopy quantitation: a review of time-domain methods. NMR Biomed. 2001;14(4):233-46.
    • (2001) NMR Biomed , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 233-246
    • Vanhamme, L.1    Sundin, T.2    Hecke, P.V.3    Huffel, S.V.4
  • 75
    • 0034963584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopy quantitation: A review of frequency domain methods
    • Mierisova S, Ala-Korpela M. MR spectroscopy quantitation: a review of frequency domain methods. NMR Biomed. 2001;14(4):247-59.
    • (2001) NMR Biomed , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 247-259
    • Mierisova, S.1    Ala-Korpela, M.2
  • 76
  • 77
    • 35248839502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone added to conventional lipid-lowering treatment in familial combined hyper- lipidaemia improves parameters of metabolic control: Relation to liver, muscle and regional body fat content
    • Thomas EL, Potter E, Tosi I, Fitzpatrick J, Hamilton G, Amber V, et al. Pioglitazone added to conventional lipid-lowering treatment in familial combined hyper- lipidaemia improves parameters of metabolic control: relation to liver, muscle and regional body fat content. Atherosclerosis. 2007;195(1):e181-90.
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis , vol.195 , Issue.1
    • Thomas, E.L.1    Potter, E.2    Tosi, I.3    Fitzpatrick, J.4    Hamilton, G.5    Amber, V.6
  • 78
    • 23244463430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL): Application with fast spin-echo imaging
    • Reeder SB, Pineda AR, Wen Z, Shimakawa A, Yu H, Brittain JH, et al. Iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL): application with fast spin-echo imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54(3):636-44.
    • (2005) Magn Reson Med , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 636-644
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Pineda, A.R.2    Wen, Z.3    Shimakawa, A.4    Yu, H.5    Brittain, J.H.6
  • 79
    • 19444368910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of quantitative intrahepatic lipid imaging applied to the magnetic resonance dual gradient echo sequence
    • Kawamitsu H, Kaji Y, Ohara T, Sugimura K. Feasibility of quantitative intrahepatic lipid imaging applied to the magnetic resonance dual gradient echo sequence. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2003;2:47-50.
    • (2003) Magn Reson Med Sci , vol.2 , pp. 47-50
    • Kawamitsu, H.1    Kaji, Y.2    Ohara, T.3    Sugimura, K.4
  • 80
    • 27144532730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of liver fat quantification at MR imaging: Comparison of out-of-phase gradientecho and fat-saturated fast spin-echo techniques-ini- tial experience
    • Qayyum A, Goh JS, Kakar S, Yeh BM, Merriman RB, Coakley FV. Accuracy of liver fat quantification at MR imaging: comparison of out-of-phase gradientecho and fat-saturated fast spin-echo techniques-ini- tial experience. Radiology. 2005;237:507-11.
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.237 , pp. 507-511
    • Qayyum, A.1    Goh, J.S.2    Kakar, S.3    Yeh, B.M.4    Merriman, R.B.5    Coakley, F.V.6
  • 82
    • 64949095273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnostic and fat-grading accuracy of low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T
    • Yokoo T, Bydder M, Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Gamst AC, Wolfson T, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: diagnostic and fat-grading accuracy of low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology. 2009;251(1):67-76.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.251 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-76
    • Yokoo, T.1    Bydder, M.2    Hamilton, G.3    Middleton, M.S.4    Gamst, A.C.5    Wolfson, T.6
  • 83
    • 55749085613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiecho water-fat separation and simultaneous R2* estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling
    • Yu H, Shimakawa A, McKenzie CA, Brodsky E, Brittain JH, Reeder SB. Multiecho water-fat separation and simultaneous R2* estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling. Magn Reson Med. 2008;60(5):1122-34.
    • (2008) Magn Reson Med , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 1122-1134
    • Yu, H.1    Shimakawa, A.2    Mc Kenzie, C.A.3    Brodsky, E.4    Brittain, J.H.5    Reeder, S.B.6
  • 84
    • 79959539203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of complex-based and magnitude-based multiecho water-fat separation for accurate quantification of fat-fraction
    • Yu H, Shimakawa A, Hines CD, McKenzie CA, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB, et al. Combination of complex-based and magnitude-based multiecho water-fat separation for accurate quantification of fat-fraction. Magn Reson Med. 2011;66(1):199-206.
    • (2011) Magn Reson Med , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 199-206
    • Yu, H.1    Shimakawa, A.2    Hines, C.D.3    Mc Kenzie, C.A.4    Hamilton, G.5    Sirlin, C.B.6
  • 85
    • 79952291566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: Blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy
    • Meisamy S, Hines CD, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB, McKenzie CA, Yu H, et al. Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 2011;258(3):767-75.
    • (2011) Radiology , vol.258 , Issue.3 , pp. 767-775
    • Meisamy, S.1    Hines, C.D.2    Hamilton, G.3    Sirlin, C.B.4    Mc Kenzie, C.A.5    Yu, H.6
  • 86
    • 33751375983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of proton MR for the study of muscle lipid metabolism
    • Boesch C, Machann J, Vermathen P, Schick F. Role of proton MR for the study of muscle lipid metabolism. NMR Biomed. 2006;19(7):968-88.
    • (2006) NMR Biomed , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 968-988
    • Boesch, C.1    Machann, J.2    Vermathen, P.3    Schick, F.4
  • 87
    • 0036184727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulk magnetic susceptibility effects on the assessment of intra- and extramycellular lipids in vivo
    • Szczepaniak L, Dobbins RL, Stein DT, McGarry JD. Bulk magnetic susceptibility effects on the assessment of intra- and extramycellular lipids in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 2001;47:607-10.
    • (2001) Magn Reson Med , vol.47 , pp. 607-610
    • Szczepaniak, L.1    Dobbins, R.L.2    Stein, D.T.3    Mc Garry, J.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.