Sugar and Abscisic Acid Regulation of Germination and Transition to Seedling Growth

Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 305-327

  Dekkers, Bas J W ^a   Smeekens, Sjef C M ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Abscisic acid; Germination; Glucose response; Sugar signaling; Sugar response mutants

Indexed keywords

EID: 84948098396     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470988848.ch12     Document Type: Chapter

References (107)

1. G.J. Acevedo-Hernandez, P. Leon and L.R. Herrera-Estrella (2005) Sugar and ABA responsiveness of a minimal RBCS light-responsive unit is mediated by direct binding of ABI4. The Plant Journal 43, 506-519.
2. C. Alonso-Blanco, L. Bentsink, C.J. Hanhart, H. Blankestijn-de Vries and M. Koornneef (2003) Analysis of natural allelic variation at seed dormancy loci of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 164, 711-729.
3. F. Arenas-Huertero, A. Arroyo, L. Zhou, J. Sheen and P. Leon (2000) Analysis of Arabidopsis glucose insensitive mutants, gin5 and gin6, reveals a central role of the plant hormone ABA in the regulation of plant vegetative development by sugar. Genes and Development 14, 2085-2096.
4. A. Arroyo, F. Bossi, R.R. Finkelstein and P. Leon (2003) Three genes that affect sugar sensing (abscisic acid insensitive 4, abscisic acid insensitive 5, and constitutive triple response 1) are differentially regulated by glucose in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 133, 231-242.
5. N. Avonce, B. Leyman, J.O. Mascorro-Gallardo, P. Van Dijck, J.M. Thevelein and G. Iturriaga (2004) The Arabidopsis trehalose-6-P synthase AtTPS1 gene is a regulator of glucose, abscisic acid, and stress signaling. Plant Physiology 136, 3649-3659.
6. M. Baier, G. Hemmann, R. Holman, et al. (2004) Characterization of mutants in Arabidopsis showing increased sugar-specific gene expression, growth, and developmental responses. Plant Physiology 134, 81-91.
7. N. Beaudoin, C. Serizet, F. Gosti and J. Giraudat (2000) Interactions between abscisic acid and ethylene signaling cascades. The Plant Cell 12, 1103-1116.
8. L. Bentsink and M. Koornneef (2002) Seed dormancy and germination. In: The Arabidopsis Book (eds C.R. Somerville and E.M. Meyerowitz). American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD. http//:www.aspb.org/publications/arabidopsis/, pp. 1-18.
9. K.J. Bradford, A.B. Downie, O.H. Gee, V. Alvarado, H. Yang and P. Dahal (2003) Abscisic acid and gibberellin differentially regulate expression of genes of the SNF1-related kinase complex in tomato seeds. Plant Physiology 132, 1560-1576.
10. I.M. Brocard, T.J. Lynch and R.R. Finkelstein (2002) Regulation and role of the Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 gene in abscisic acid, sugar, and stress response. Plant Physiology 129, 1533-1543.
11. I.M. Brocard-Gifford, T.J. Lynch and R.R. Finkelstein (2003) Regulatory networks in seeds integrating developmental, abscisic acid, sugar, and light signalling. Plant Physiology 131, 78-92.
12. I. Brocard-Gifford, T.J. Lynch, M.E. Garcia, B. Malhotra and R.R. Finkelstein (2004) The Arabidopsis thaliana ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 8 locus encodes a novel protein mediating abscisic acid and sugar responses essential for growth. The Plant Cell 16, 406-421.
13. J.A. Brusslan and E.M. Tobin (1992) Light-independent developmental regulation of cab gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89, 7791-7795.
14. C. Carles, N. Bies-Etheve, L. Aspart, et al. (2002) Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana Em genes: role of ABI5. The Plant Journal 30, 373-383.
15. M. Chen, X. Xia, H. Zheng, Z. Yuan and H. Huang (2004) The GAOLAOZHUANGREN2 gene is required for normal glucose response and development of Arabidopsis. Journal of Plant Research 117, 473-476.
16. W.H. Cheng, A. Endo, L. Zhou, et al. (2002) A unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase in Arabidopsis glucose signaling and abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions. The Plant Cell 14, 2723-2743.
17. G. Coruzzi and D.R. Bush (2001) Nitrogen and carbon nutrient and metabolite signaling in plants. Plant Physiology 125, 61-64.
18. G.M. Coruzzi and L. Zhou (2001) Carbon and nitrogen sensing and signaling in plants: emerging matrix effects. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, 247-253.
19. S. Cutler, M. Ghassemian, D. Bonetta, S. Cooney and P. McCourt (1996)Aprotein farnesyl transferase involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Science 273, 1239-1241.
20. B.J.W. Dekkers, J.A.M.J. Schuurmans and S.C. Smeekens (2004) Glucose delays seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 218, 579-588.
21. P.P. Dijkwel, P.A.M. Kock, R. Bezemer, P.J. Weisbeek and S.C.M. Smeekens (1996) Sucrose represses the developmentally controlled transient activation of the plastocyanin gene in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant Physiology 110, 455-463.
22. P.P. Dijkwel (1997) Metabolic Control of Light Signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PhD Thesis, University of Utrecht.
23. P.P. Dijkwel, C. Huijser, P.J. Weisbeek, N.H. Chua and S.C.M. Smeekens (1997) Sucrose control of phytochrome A signaling in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 9, 583-595.
24. P. Duque and N.H. Chua (2003) IMB1, a bromodomain protein induced during seed imbibition, regulates ABA- and phyA-mediated responses of germination in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 35, 787-799.
25. P.J. Eastmond, A.J.H. van Dijken, M. Spielman, et al. (2002) Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1, which catalyses the first step in trehalose synthesis, is essential for Arabidopsis embryo maturation. The Plant Journal 29, 225-235.
26. P.J. Eastmond and I.A. Graham (2003) Trehalose metabolism: a regulatory role for trehalose-6- phosphate? Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6, 231-235.
27. R.R. Finkelstein (1994) Mutations at two new Arabidopsis ABA response loci are similar to the abi3 mutations. The Plant Journal 5, 765-771.
28. R.R. Finkelstein, S.S.L. Gampala and C.D. Rock (2002) Abscisic acid signalling in seeds and seedlings. The Plant Cell 14, S15-S45.
29. R.R. Finkelstein and S.I. Gibson (2001)ABAand sugar interactions regulating development: cross-talk or voices in a crowd? Current Opinion in Plant Biology 5, 26-32.
30. R.R. Finkelstein and T.J. Lynch (2000a) The Arabidopsis abscisic acid response gene ABI5 encodes a basic leucine zipper transcription factor. The Plant Cell 12, 599-610.
31. R.R. Finkelstein and T.J. Lynch (2000b) Abscisic acid inhibition of radicle emergence but not seedling growth is suppressed by sugars. Plant Physiology 122, 1179-1186.
32. R.R. Finkelstein, M.L.Wang, T.J. Lynch, S. Rao and H.M. Goodman (1998) The Arabidopsis abscisic acid response locus ABI4 encodes an APETALA2 domain protein. The Plant Cell 10, 1043-1054.
33. S. Footitt, S.P. Slocombe, V. Larner, et al. (2002) Control of germination and lipid mobilization by COMATOSE, the Arabidopsis homologue of human ALDP. The EMBO Journal 21, 2912-2922.
34. A. Garciarrubio, J.P. Legaria and A.A. Covarrubias (1997) Abscisic acid inhibits germination of mature Arabidopsis seeds by limiting the availability of energy and nutrients. Planta 203, 182-187.
35. S. Gazzarrini and P. McCourt (2001) Genetic interactions between ABA, ethylene and sugar signalling pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, 387-391.
36. M. Ghassemian, E. Nambara, S. Cutler, H. Kawaide, Y. Kamiya and P. McCourt (2000) Regulation of abscisic acid signaling by the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 12, 1117-1126.
37. S.I. Gibson (2005) Control of plant development and gene expression by sugar signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8, 93-102.
38. S.I. Gibson, R.J. Laby and D. Kim (2001) The sugar-insensitive1 (sis1) mutant of Arabidopsis is allelic to ctr1. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 280, 196-203.
39. J. Giraudat, B.M. Hauge, C. Valon, J. Smalle, F. Parcy and H.M. Goodman (1992) Isolation of the Arabidopsis ABI3 gene by positional cloning. The Plant Cell 4, 1251-1261.
40. H. Guo and J.R. Ecker (2003) Plant responses to ethylene gas are mediated by SCFEBF1/EBF2- dependent proteolysis of EIN3 transcription factor. Cell 115, 667-677.
41. M.H. Han, S. Goud, L. Song and N. Fedoroff (2004) The Arabidopsis double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of theUnited States of America 101, 1093-1098.
42. V. Hugouvieux, J.M. Kwak and J.I. Schroeder (2001) A mRNA cap binding protein, ABH1, modulates early abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Cell 106, 477-487.
43. C. Huijser, A. Kortstee, J. Pego, P. Weisbeek, E. Wisman and S. Smeekens (2000) The Arabidopsis SUCROSE UNCOUPLED-6 gene is identical to ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE-4: involvement of abscisic acid in sugar responses. The Plant Journal 23, 577-585.
44. J.C. Jang and J. Sheen (1994) Sugar sensing in higher plants. The Plant Cell 6, 1665-1679.
45. S. Kim, H. Choi, H.J. Ryu, J.H. Park, M.D. Kim and S.Y. Kim (2004a) ARIA, an Arabidopsis arm repeat protein interacting with a transcriptional regulator of abscisic acid-responsive gene expression, is a novel abscisic acid signaling component. Plant Physiology 136, 3639-3648.
46. S. Kim, J. Kang, D.I. Cho, J.H. Park and S.Y. Kim (2004b) ABF2, an ABRE-binding bZIP factor, is an essential component of glucose signaling and its overexpression affects multiple stress tolerance. The Plant Journal 40, 75-87.
47. K.E. Koch (1996) Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, 509-540.
48. M. Koornneef, G. Reuling and C.M. Karssen (1984) The isolation and characterization of abscisic acid-insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum 61, 377-383.
49. R.J. Laby, M.S. Kincaid, D. Kim and S.I. Gibson (2000) The Arabidopsis sugar-insensitive mutants sis4 and sis5 are defective in abscisic acid synthesis and response. The Plant Journal 23, 587-596.
50. S. Lee, H. Cheng, K.E. King, et al. (2002) Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RGL2, a GAI/RGA-like gene whose expression is up-regulated following imbibition. Genes and Development 16, 646-658.
51. P. Leon and J. Sheen (2003) Sugar and hormone connections. Trends in Plant Science 8, 110-116.
52. K.M. Leon-Kloosterziel, G.A. van de Bunt, J.A.D. Zeevaart and M. Koornneef (1996) Arabidopsis mutants with a reduced seed dormancy. Plant Physiology 110, 233-240.
53. N. Leonhardt, J.M. Kwak, N. Robert, D. Waner, G. Leonhardt and J. Schroeder (2004) Microarray expression analysis of Arabidopsis guard cells and isolation of a recessive abscisic acid hypersensitive protein phosphatase 2C mutant. The Plant Cell 16, 596-615.
54. J. Leung, M. Bouvier-Durand, P.-C. Morris, D. Guerrier, F. Chefdor and J. Giraudat (1994) Arabidopsis ABA response gene ABI1: features of a calcium-modulated protein phosphatase. Science 264, 1448-1452.
55. J. Leung and J. Giraudat (1998) Abscisic acid signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49, 199-222.
56. J. Leung, S. Merlot and J. Giraudat (1997) The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and ABI1 genes encode homologous protein phosphatases 2C involved in abscisic acid signal transduction. The Plant Cell 9, 759-771.
57. L. Lopez-Molina and N.H. Chua (2000) A null mutation in a bZIP factor confers ABA-insensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology 41, 541-547.
58. L. Lopez-Molina, S. Mongrand and N.H. Chua (2001) A postgermination developmental arrest checkpoint is mediated by abscisic acid and requires the ABI5 transcription factor in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98, 4782-4787.
59. L. Lopez-Molina, S. Mongrand, N. Kinoshita and N.H. Chua (2003) AFP is a novel negative regulator of ABA signaling that promotes ABI5 protein degradation, Genes and Development 17, 410-418.
60. L. Lopez-Molina, S. Mongrand, D.T. McLachlin, B.T. Chait and N.H. Chua (2002) ABI5 acts downstream of ABI3 to execute an ABA-dependent growth arrest during germination. The Plant Journal 32, 317-328.
61. C. Lu and N. Fedoroff (2000) A mutation in the Arabidopsis HYL1 gene encoding a dsRNA binding protein affects responses to abscisic acid, auxin, and cytokinin. The Plant Cell 12, 2351-2366.
62. C. Lu, M.H. Han, A. Guevara-Garcia and N.V. Fedoroff (2002) Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in postgermination arrest of development by abscisic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, 15812-15817.
63. P.A.W. Martin and M. Blackburn (2003) Inhibition of seed germination by extracts of bitter Hawkesbury watermelon containing cucurbitacin, a feeding stimulant for corn rootworm (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96, 441-445.
64. T. Martin, O. Oswald and I.A. Graham (2002) Arabidopsis seedling growth, storage lipid mobilization, and photosynthetic gene expression are regulated by carbon:nitrogen availability. Plant Physiology 128, 472-481.
65. K. Meyer, M. Leube and E. Grill (1994)Aprotein phosphatase 2C involved inABAsignal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 264, 1452-1455.
66. B. Moore, L. Zhou, F. Rolland, et al. (2003) Role of the Arabidopsis glucose sensor HXK1 in nutrient, light, and hormonal signaling. Science 300, 332-336.
67. C. Morito-Yamamuro, T. Tsutsui, A. Tanaka and J. Yamaguchi (2004) Knock-out of the plastid ribosomal protein S21 causes impaired photosynthesis and sugar response during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology 45, 781-788.
68. E. Nambara, M. Suzuki, S. Abrams, D.R. McCarty, Y. Kamiya and P. McCourt (2002) A screen for genes that function in abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 161, 1247-1255.
69. K. Nemeth, K. Salchert, P. Putnoky, et al. (1998) Pleiotropic control of glucose and hormone responses by PRL1, a nuclear WD protein, in Arabidopsis. Genes and Development 12, 3059-3073.
70. N. Nishimura, T. Yoshida, M. Murayama, T. Asami, K. Shinozaki and T. Hirayama (2004) Isolation and characterization of novel mutants affecting the abscisic acid sensitivity of Arabidopsis germination and seedling growth. Plant and Cell Physiology 45, 1485-1499.
71. X. Niu, T. Helentjaris and N.J. Bate (2002) Maize ABI4 binds Coupling Element1 in abscisic acid and sugar response genes. The Plant Cell 14, 2565-2575.
72. E. Oh, J. Kim, E. Park, J.I. Kim, C. Kang and G. Choi (2004) PIL5, a phytochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix protein, is a key negative regulator of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell 16, 3045-3058.
73. D.P. O'Keefe, J.M. Tepperman, C. Dean, K.J. Leto, D.L. Erbes and J.T. Odell (1994) Plant expression of a bacterial cytochrome P450 that catalyzes activation of a sulfonylurea pro-herbicide. Plant Physiology 105, 473-482.
74. P. Palenchar, A. Kouranov, L. Lejay and G. Coruzzi (2004) Genome-wide patterns of carbon and nitrogen regulation of gene expression validate the combined carbon and nitrogen (CN)-signaling hypothesis in plants. Genome Biology 5, R91.
75. J.V. Pego, P.J. Weisbeek and S.C.M. Smeekens (1999) Mannose inhibits Arabidopsis germination via a hexokinase-mediated step. Plant Physiology 119, 1017-1024.
76. S. Penfield, E.L. Rylott, A.D. Gilday, S. Graham, T.R. Larson and I.A. Graham (2004) Reserve mobilization in the Arabidopsis endosperm fuels hypocotyl elongation in the dark, is independent of abscisic acid, and requires PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE1. The Plant Cell 16, 2705-2718.
77. H. Pinfield-Wells, E.L. Rylott, A.D. Gilday, et al. (2005) Sucrose rescues seedling establishment but not germination of Arabidopsis mutants disrupted in peroxisomal fatty acid catabolism. The Plant Journal 43, 861-872.
78. T. Potuschak, E. Lechner, Y. Parmentier, et al. (2003) EIN3-dependent regulation of plant ethylene hormone signaling by two Arabidopsis F box proteins: EBF1 and EBF2. Cell 115, 679-689.
79. J. Price, A. Laxmi, S.K. St. Martin and J.C. Jang (2004) Global transcription profiling reveals multiple sugar signal transduction mechanisms in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 16, 2128-2150.
80. J. Price, T.C. Li, S.G. Kang, J.K. Na and J.C. Jang (2003) Mechanisms of glucose signaling during germination of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 132, 1424-1438.
81. S.L. Pritchard, W.L. Charlton, A. Baker and I.A. Graham (2002) Germination and storage reserve mobilization are regulated independently in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 31, 639-647.
82. V. Quesada, M.R. Ponce and J.L. Micol (2000) Genetic analysis of salt-tolerant mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 154, 421-436.
83. F. Rolland, B. Moore and J. Sheen (2002) Sugar sensing and signalling in plants. The Plant Cell 14, S185-S205.
84. F. Rook and M.W. Bevan (2003) Genetic approaches to understanding sugar-response pathways. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 495-501.
85. F. Rook, F. Corke, R. Card, G. Munz, C. Smith and M.W. Bevan (2001) Impaired sucrose-induction mutants reveal the modulation of sugar-induced starch biosynthetic gene expression by abscisic acid signalling. The Plant Journal 26, 421-433.
86. L. Russell, V. Larner, S. Kurup, S. Bougourd and M. Holdsworth (2000) The Arabidopsis COMATOSE locus regulates germination potential. Development 127, 3759-3767.
87. A. Saez, N. Apostolova, M. Gonzalez-Guzman, et al. (2004) Gain-of-function and loss-of-function phenotypes of the protein phophatase 2C HAB1 reveal its role as a negative regulator of abscisic acid signalling. The Plant Journal 37, 354-369.
88. Y. Sakuma, Q. Liu, J.G. Dubouzet, H. Abe, K. Shinozaki and K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki (2002) DNAbinding specificity of the ERF/AP2 domain of Arabidopsis DREBs, transcription factors involved in dehydration- and cold-inducible gene expression. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 290, 998-1009.
89. H. Schluepmann, T. Pellny, A. van Dijken, S. Smeekens and M. Paul (2003) Trehalose 6-phosphate is indispensable for carbohydrate utilization and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 6849-6854.
90. S.M. Sherson, G. Hemmann, G. Wallace, et al. (2000) Monosaccharide/proton symporter AtSTP1 plays a major role in uptake and response of Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings to sugars. The Plant Journal 24, 849-857.
91. L. Signora, I. De Smet, C.H. Foyer and H. Zhang (2001) ABA plays a central role in mediating the regulatory effects of nitrate on root branching in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 28, 655-662.
92. J. Smalle, J. Kurepa, P. Yang, et al. (2003) The pleiotropic role of the 26S proteasome subunit RPN10 in Arabidopsis growth and development supports a substrate-specific function in abscisic acid signaling. The Plant Cell 15, 965-980.
93. S. Smeekens (2000) Sugar-induced signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51, 49-81.
94. E.M. Soderman, I.M. Brocard, T.J. Lynch and R.R. Finkelstein (2000) Regulation and function of the Arabidopsis ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 gene in seed and abscisic acid response signaling networks. Plant Physiology 124, 1752-1765.
95. C.M. Steber, S.E. Cooney and P. McCourt (1998) Isolation of the GA-response mutant sly1 as a suppressor of abi1-1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 149, 509-521.
96. Y. Tanaka, T. Sano, M. Tamaoki, N. Nakajima, N. Kondo and S. Hasezawa (2005) Ethylene inhibits abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 138, 2337-2343.
97. J. To, W.D. Reiter and S. Gibson (2002) Mobilization of seed storage lipid by Arabidopsis seedlings is retarded in the presence of exogenous sugars. BMC Plant Biology 2, 4.
98. J. Ton and B. Mauch-Mani (2004) β-Amino-butyric acid-induced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens is based on ABA-dependent priming for callose. The Plant Journal 38, 119-130.
99. H. Ullah, J.G. Chen, S. Wang and A.M. Jones (2002) Role of a heterotrimeric G protein in regulation of Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant Physiology 129, 897-907.
100. F. Vazquez, V. Gasciolli, P. Crete and H. Vaucheret (2004) The nuclear dsRNA binding protein HYL1 is required for microRNA accumulation and plant development, but not posttranscriptional transgene silencing. Current Biology 14, 346-351.
101. D.Villadsen and S. Smith (2004) Identification of more than 200 glucose-responsive Arabidopsis genes none of which responds to 3-O-methylglucose or 6-deoxyglucose. Plant Molecular Biology 55, 467-477.
102. W. Xiao, J. Sheen and J.C. Jang (2000) The role of hexokinase in plant sugar signal transduction and growth and development. Plant Molecular Biology 44, 451-461.
103. S. Yanagisawa, S.D. Yoo and J. Sheen (2003) Differential regulation of EIN3 stability by glucose and ethylene signalling in plants. Nature 425, 521-525.
104. S. Yoshida, M. Ito, I. Nishida and A. Watanabe (2002) Identification of a novel gene HYS1/CPR5 that has a repressive role in the induction of leaf senescence and pathogen-defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal 29, 427-437.
105. Zeng and A.R. Kermode (2004) A gymnosperm ABI3 gene functions in a severe abscisic acidinsensitive mutant of Arabidopsis (abi3-6) to restore the wild-type phenotype and demonstrates a strong synergistic effect with sugar in the inhibition of post-germinative growth. Plant Molecular Biology 56, 731-746.
106. X. Zhang, V. Garreton and N.H. Chua (2005) The AIP2 E3 ligase acts as a novel negative regulator of ABA signaling by promoting ABI3 degradation. Genes and Development 19, 1532-1543.
107. L. Zhou, J.C. Jang, T.L. Jones and J. Sheen (1998) Glucose and ethylene signal transduction crosstalk revealed by an Arabidopsis glucose-insensitive mutant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, 10294-10299.