메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue 9783642151835, 2011, Pages 71-99

The automatic recognition of emotions in speech

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LINGUISTICS; SPEECH RECOGNITION;

EID: 84947927894     PISSN: 16112482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15184-2_6     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (45)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 44949128361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using system and user performance features to improve emotion detection in spoken tutoring dialogs
    • Pittsburgh, PA, September 17-21
    • Ai H, Litman D, Forbes-Riley K, Rotaru M, Tetreault J, Purandare A (2006) Using system and user performance features to improve emotion detection in spoken tutoring dialogs. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Pittsburgh, PA, September 17-21, pp 797-800
    • (2006) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 797-800
    • Ai, H.1    Litman, D.2    Forbes-Riley, K.3    Rotaru, M.4    Tetreault, J.5    Purandare, A.6
  • 2
    • 85009145332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosody-based automatic detection of annoyance and frustration in human-computer dialog
    • Denver, September 16-20
    • Ang J, Dhillon R, Shriberg E, Stolcke A (2002) Prosody-based automatic detection of annoyance and frustration in human-computer dialog. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Denver, September 16-20, pp 2037-2040
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 2037-2040
    • Ang, J.1    Dhillon, R.2    Shriberg, E.3    Stolcke, A.4
  • 3
  • 5
    • 34547535917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech emotion recognition using gaussian mixture vector autoregressive models
    • , Honolulu, April 15-20
    • Ayadi MMHE, Kamel MS, Karray F (2007) Speech emotion recognition using gaussian mixture vector autoregressive models. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, Honolulu, April 15-20, pp 957-960
    • (2007) Proceedings of ICASSP , pp. 957-960
    • Ayadi, M.1    Kamel, M.S.2    Karray, F.3
  • 6
    • 0032154965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M = Syntax + Prosody: A syntactic-prosodic labelling scheme for large spontaneous speech databases
    • Batliner A, Kompe R, Kießling A, Mast M, Niemann H, Nöth E (1998) M = Syntax + Prosody: a syntactic-prosodic labelling scheme for large spontaneous speech databases. Speech Communi 25(4):193-222
    • (1998) Speech Communi , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 193-222
    • Batliner, A.1    Kompe, R.2    Kießling, A.3    Mast, M.4    Niemann, H.5    Nöth, E.6
  • 9
    • 84938335075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boiling down prosody for the classification of boundaries and accents in German and English
    • , Aalborg, September 3-7
    • Batliner A, Buckow J, Huber R, Warnke V, Nöth E, Niemann H (2001) Boiling down prosody for the classification of boundaries and accents in German and English. In: Proceedings of the Eurospeech, Aalborg, September 3-7, pp 2781-2784
    • (2001) Proceedings of the Eurospeech , pp. 2781-2784
    • Batliner, A.1    Buckow, J.2    Huber, R.3    Warnke, V.4    Nöth, E.5    Niemann, H.6
  • 11
  • 13
    • 33745222334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tales of tuning - prototyping for automatic classification of emotional user states
    • , Lisbon, September 4-8
    • Batliner A, Steidl S, Hacker C, Nöth E, Niemann H (2005) Tales of tuning - prototyping for automatic classification of emotional user states. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Lisbon, September 4-8, pp 489-492
    • (2005) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 489-492
    • Batliner, A.1    Steidl, S.2    Hacker, C.3    Nöth, E.4    Niemann, H.5
  • 14
  • 18
    • 51449094634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mothers, adults, children, pets — towards the acoustics of intimacy
    • , Las Vegas, NV, March 30-April 04
    • Batliner A, Schuller B, Schaeffler S, Steidl S (2008a) Mothers, adults, children, pets — towards the acoustics of intimacy. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP 2008, Las Vegas, NV, March 30-April 04, pp 4497-4500
    • (2008) Proceedings of the ICASSP 2008 , pp. 4497-4500
    • Batliner, A.1    Schuller, B.2    Schaeffler, S.3    Steidl, S.4
  • 19
    • 38749108114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Private emotions vs. Social interaction — a data-driven approach towards analysing emotions in speech
    • Batliner A, Steidl S, Hacker C, Nöth E (2008b) Private emotions vs. social interaction — a data-driven approach towards analysing emotions in speech. User Model User-Adap Interact 18:175-206
    • (2008) User Model User-Adap Interact , vol.18 , pp. 175-206
    • Batliner, A.1    Steidl, S.2    Hacker, C.3    Nöth, E.4
  • 21
    • 0002161311 scopus 로고
    • The quefrency analysis of time series for echoes: Cepstrum, pseudo-autocovariance, cross-cepstrum and saphe cracking
    • In: Rosenblatt M, Wiley, New York, NY
    • Bogert B, Healy M, Tukey J (1963) The quefrency analysis of time series for echoes: cepstrum, pseudo-autocovariance, cross-cepstrum and saphe cracking. In: Rosenblatt M. (ed) Symposium on time series analysis. Wiley, New York, NY, pp 209-243
    • (1963) Symposium on Time Series Analysis , pp. 209-243
    • Bogert, B.1    Healy, M.2    Tukey, J.3
  • 23
    • 0030211964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bagging predictors
    • Breiman L (1996) Bagging predictors. Mach Learn 26:123-140
    • (1996) Mach Learn , vol.26 , pp. 123-140
    • Breiman, L.1
  • 24
    • 0035478854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random forests
    • Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45:5-32
    • (2001) Mach Learn , vol.45 , pp. 5-32
    • Breiman, L.1
  • 29
    • 11244258301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion recognition using acoustic features and textual content
    • , Taipei, June 27-30
    • Chuang Z-J, Wu C-H (2004) Emotion recognition using acoustic features and textual content. In: Proceedings of ICME, Taipei, June 27-30, pp 53-56
    • (2004) Proceedings of ICME , pp. 53-56
    • Chuang, Z.-J.1    Wu, C.-H.2
  • 30
    • 84926662675 scopus 로고
    • Nearest neighbor pattern classification
    • Cover T, Hart P (1967) Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Trans Info Theoy 13:21-27
    • (1967) IEEE Trans Info Theoy , vol.13 , pp. 21-27
    • Cover, T.1    Hart, P.2
  • 33
    • 21544457223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond emotion archetypes: Databases for emotion modelling using neural networks
    • Cowie R, Douglas-Cowie E, Cox C (2005) Beyond emotion archetypes: databases for emotion modelling using neural networks. Neural Netw 18:371-388
    • (2005) Neural Netw , vol.18 , pp. 371-388
    • Cowie, R.1    Douglas-Cowie, E.2    Cox, C.3
  • 35
    • 0025482241 scopus 로고
    • The wavelet transform, time-frequency localization and signal analysis
    • Daubechies I (1990) The wavelet transform, time-frequency localization and signal analysis. TransIT 36(5):961-1005
    • (1990) TransIT , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 961-1005
    • Daubechies, I.1
  • 36
    • 0019053271 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences
    • Davis S, Mermelstein P (1980) Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences. IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process 29:917-919
    • (1980) IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process , vol.29 , pp. 917-919
    • Davis, S.1    Mermelstein, P.2
  • 37
    • 0030353343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing emotion in speech
    • , Philadelphia, PA, October 3-6
    • Dellaert F, Polzin T, Waibel A (1996) Recognizing emotion in speech. In: Proceedings of the ICSLP, Philadelphia, PA, October 3-6, pp 1970-1973
    • (1996) Proceedings of the ICSLP , pp. 1970-1973
    • Dellaert, F.1    Polzin, T.2    Waibel, A.3
  • 39
    • 21544459345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in real-life emotion annotation and machine learning based detection
    • Devillers L, Vidrascu L, Lamel L (2005) Challenges in real-life emotion annotation and machine learning based detection. Neural Netw, 18:407-422
    • (2005) Neural Netw , vol.18 , pp. 407-422
    • Devillers, L.1    Vidrascu, L.2    Lamel, L.3
  • 42
    • 77949415384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schuller B (2009) openear - introducing the munich open-source emotion and affect recognition toolkit
    • Amsterdam, September 10-12
    • Eyben F, Wöllmer M, Schuller B (2009) openear - introducing the munich open-source emotion and affect recognition toolkit. In: Proceedings of the ACII, Amsterdam, September 10-12, pp 576-581
    • Proceedings of the ACII , pp. 576-581
    • Eyben, F.1    Wöllmer, M.2
  • 43
    • 0001988169 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the pitch characteristics of the voice during the expression of emotion
    • Fairbanks G, Pronovost W (1939) An experimental study of the pitch characteristics of the voice during the expression of emotion. Speech Monogr, 6:87-104
    • (1939) Speech Monogr , vol.6 , pp. 87-104
    • Fairbanks, G.1    Pronovost, W.2
  • 44
    • 0037382608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling drivers’ speech under stress
    • Fernandez R, Picard RW (2003) Modeling drivers’ speech under stress. Speech Commun 40: 145-159
    • (2003) Speech Commun , vol.40 , pp. 145-159
    • Fernandez, R.1    Picard, R.W.2
  • 45
    • 0030638031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A post-processing system to yield reduced word error rates: Recognizer output voting error reduction (ROVER)
    • , Santa Barbara, CA, December 14-17
    • Fiscus J (1997) A post-processing system to yield reduced word error rates: recognizer output voting error reduction (ROVER). In: Proceedings of the ASRU, Santa Barbara, CA, December 14-17, pp 347-352
    • (1997) Proceedings of the ASRU , pp. 347-352
    • Fiscus, J.1
  • 46
    • 33645066726 scopus 로고
    • Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa
    • Fleiss J, Cohen J, Everitt B (1969) Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychol Bull 72(5):323-327
    • (1969) Psychol Bull , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 323-327
    • Fleiss, J.1    Cohen, J.2    Everitt, B.3
  • 47
    • 0000989095 scopus 로고
    • Communicating emotion: The role of prosodic features
    • Frick R (1985) Communicating emotion: the role of prosodic features. Psychol Bull 97:412-429
    • (1985) Psychol Bull , vol.97 , pp. 412-429
    • Frick, R.1
  • 48
    • 0012686635 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the process of fundamental frequency contour generation
    • In: Tohkura Y, Vatikiotis-Bateson E, Sagisasaka Y, IOS Press, Amsterdam
    • Fujisaki H (1992) Modelling the process of fundamental frequency contour generation. In: Tohkura Y, Vatikiotis-Bateson E, Sagisasaka Y, (eds), Speech perception, production and linguistic structure. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 313-328
    • (1992) Speech Perception, Production and Linguistic Structure , pp. 313-328
    • Fujisaki, H.1
  • 55
    • 0025041264 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual linear predictive (Plp) analysis for speech
    • Hermansky H (1990) Perceptual linear predictive (plp) analysis for speech. J Acoust Soc Am (JASA), 87:1738-1752
    • (1990) J Acoust Soc am (JASA) , vol.87 , pp. 1738-1752
    • Hermansky, H.1
  • 56
    • 85009254284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traps - classifiers of temporal patterns
    • Sydney, November 30-December 04
    • Hermansky H, Sharma S (1998) Traps - classifiers of temporal patterns. In: Proceedings of the ICSLP, Sydney, November 30-December 04, pp 1003-1006
    • (1998) Proceedings of the ICSLP , pp. 1003-1006
    • Hermansky, H.1    Sharma, S.2
  • 60
    • 0031078007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feature selection: Evaluation, application and small sample performance
    • Jain A, Zongker D (1997) Feature selection: evaluation, application and small sample performance. PAMI 19(2):153-158
    • (1997) PAMI , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-158
    • Jain, A.1    Zongker, D.2
  • 61
    • 84957069814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Text categorization with support vector machines: Learning with many relevant features
    • In: Nedellec C, Rouveirol C, Springer, Heidelberg
    • Joachims T (1998) Text categorization with support vector machines: learning with many relevant features. In: Nedellec C, Rouveirol C, (eds), Proceedings of ECML-98, 10th European conference on machine learning. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 137-142
    • (1998) Proceedings of ECML-98, 10Th European Conference on Machine Learning , pp. 137-142
    • Joachims, T.1
  • 62
    • 0000191372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocal communication of emotion
    • In: Lewis M, Haviland-Jones JM, chapter 14. 2nd edn. Guilford Press, London
    • Johnstone T, Scherer KR (2000) Vocal communication of emotion. In: Lewis M, Haviland-Jones JM, (eds), Handbook of emotions, chapter 14. 2nd edn. Guilford Press, London
    • (2000) Handbook of Emotions
    • Johnstone, T.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 63
    • 85028886752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal component analysis. Springer, Berlin
    • Jolliffe IT (2002) Principal component analysis. Springer, Berlin
    • (2002)
    • Jolliffe, I.T.1
  • 64
    • 4243783982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraktion und Klassifikation prosodischer Merkmale in der automatischen Sprachverarbeitung
    • Shaker, Aachen
    • Kießling A (1997) Extraktion und Klassifikation prosodischer Merkmale in der automatischen Sprachverarbeitung. Berichte aus der Informatik. Shaker, Aachen
    • (1997) Berichte Aus Der Informatik
    • Kießling, A.1
  • 67
    • 84962843862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of negative emotions from the speech signal. In: Proceedings of the ASRU, Madonna di Campiglio, December 9-13
    • Lee C, Narayanan S, Pieraccini R (2001) Recognition of negative emotions from the speech signal. In: Proceedings of the ASRU, Madonna di Campiglio, December 9-13, no pagination
    • (2001) No Pagination
    • Lee, C.1    Narayanan, S.2    Pieraccini, R.3
  • 69
    • 85009233228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining acoustic and language information for emotion recognition
    • Denver, September 16-20
    • Lee CM, Narayanan SS, Pieraccini R (2002) Combining acoustic and language information for emotion recognition. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Denver, September 16-20, pp 873-876
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 873-876
    • Lee, C.M.1    Narayanan, S.S.2    Pieraccini, R.3
  • 71
    • 84946012706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing emotions from student speech in tutoring dialogues
    • , November 30-December 3
    • Litman D, Forbes K (2003) Recognizing emotions from student speech in tutoring dialogues. In: Proceedings of the ASRU, Virgin Island, November 30-December 3, pp 25-30
    • (2003) Proceedings of the ASRU, Virgin Island , pp. 25-30
    • Litman, D.1    Forbes, K.2
  • 73
    • 0001794236 scopus 로고
    • Development of a stemming algorithm
    • Lovins JB (1968) Development of a stemming algorithm. Mech Transl Comput Linguist 11:22-31
    • (1968) Mech Transl Comput Linguist , vol.11 , pp. 22-31
    • Lovins, J.B.1
  • 74
    • 33947615772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust estimation of voice quality parameters under real world disturbances
    • Toulouse, May 15-19
    • Lugger M, Yang B, Wokurek W (2006) Robust estimation of voice quality parameters under real world disturbances. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, Toulouse, May 15-19, pp 1097-1100, 2006
    • (2006) Proceedings of the ICASSP , pp. 1097-1100
    • Lugger, M.1    Yang, B.2    Wokurek, W.3
  • 75
    • 0016495091 scopus 로고
    • Linear prediction: A tutorial review
    • Makhoul J (1975) Linear prediction: a tutorial review. Proc IEEE 63:561-580
    • (1975) Proc IEEE , vol.63 , pp. 561-580
    • Makhoul, J.1
  • 77
    • 33744988731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of cough signals in continuous audio recordings using hidden Markov models
    • Matos S, Birring S, Pavord I, Evans D (2006) Detection of cough signals in continuous audio recordings using hidden Markov models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng pp 1078-108
    • (2006) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , pp. 1078-1108
    • Matos, S.1    Birring, S.2    Pavord, I.3    Evans, D.4
  • 79
    • 14644389865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report series no. 78, SFB Adaptive informations systems and management in economics and management science, Wien, Austria
    • Meyer D, Leisch F, Hornik K (2002) Benchmarking support vector machines. Report series no. 78, SFB Adaptive informations systems and management in economics and management science, Wien, Austria, 19 pp
    • (2002) Benchmarking Support Vector Machines , pp. 19
    • Meyer, D.1    Leisch, F.2    Hornik, K.3
  • 80
    • 34547954381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voting ensembles for spoken affect classification
    • Morrison D, Silva LCD (2007) Voting ensembles for spoken affect classification. J Netw Comput Appl 30:1356-1365
    • (2007) J Netw Comput Appl , vol.30 , pp. 1356-1365
    • Morrison, D.1    Silva, L.2
  • 81
    • 77955422208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental learning for spoken affect classification and its application in call-centres
    • Morrison D, Wang R, Xu W, Silva LCD (2007) Incremental learning for spoken affect classification and its application in call-centres. Int J Intell Syst Tech: Appl 2:242-254
    • (2007) Int J Intell Syst Tech: Appl , vol.2 , pp. 242-254
    • Morrison, D.1    Wang, R.2    Xu, W.3    Silva, L.4
  • 83
    • 38749103707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion Recognition in Spontaneous Speech Using GMMs
    • Pittsburgh, PA, September 17-21
    • Neiberg D, Elenius K, Laskowski K (2006) Emotion Recognition in Spontaneous Speech Using GMMs. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Pittsburgh, PA, September 17-21, pp 809-812
    • (2006) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 809-812
    • Neiberg, D.1    Elenius, K.2    Laskowski, K.3
  • 84
    • 0034203345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Null hypothesis significance testing: A review of an old and continuing controversy
    • Nickerson RS (2000) Null hypothesis significance testing: a review of an old and continuing controversy. Psychol Methods 5:241-301
    • (2000) Psychol Methods , vol.5 , pp. 241-301
    • Nickerson, R.S.1
  • 85
    • 0014055288 scopus 로고
    • Cepstrum pitch determination
    • Noll AM (1967) Cepstrum pitch determination. J Acoust Soc Am (JASA), 14:293-309
    • (1967) J Acoust Soc am (JASA) , vol.14 , pp. 293-309
    • Noll, A.M.1
  • 87
    • 0242721417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech emotion recognition using hidden Markov models
    • Nwe T, Foo S, Silva LD (2003) Speech emotion recognition using hidden Markov models. Speech Commun 41:603-623
    • (2003) Speech Commun , vol.41 , pp. 603-623
    • Nwe, T.1    Foo, S.2    Silva, L.D.3
  • 89
    • 33947616723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion detection from infant facial expressions and cries
    • Toulouse, May 15-19
    • Pal P, Iyer A, Yantorno R (2006) Emotion detection from infant facial expressions and cries. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, Toulouse, May 15-19, pp 809-812
    • (2006) Proceedings of ICASSP , pp. 809-812
    • Pal, P.1    Iyer, A.2    Yantorno, R.3
  • 91
    • 0032542897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What’s wrong with Bonferroni adjustment
    • Pernegger T.V (1998) What’s wrong with Bonferroni adjustment. Br Med J, 316:1236-1238
    • (1998) Br Med J , vol.316 , pp. 1236-1238
    • Pernegger, T.V.1
  • 93
  • 94
    • 84948481845 scopus 로고
    • An algorithm for suffix stripping
    • Porter M (1980) An algorithm for suffix stripping. Program 14(3):130-137
    • (1980) Program , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 130-137
    • Porter, M.1
  • 97
    • 0017367712 scopus 로고
    • On the use of autocorrelation analysis for pitch detection
    • Rabiner LR (1977) On the use of autocorrelation analysis for pitch detection. IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process 25:24-33
    • (1977) IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process , vol.25 , pp. 24-33
    • Rabiner, L.R.1
  • 99
    • 85101155057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmenting the kappa statistic to determine interannotator reliability for multiply labeled data points
    • In: Dumais DMS, Roukos S, (eds),, Boston, MA
    • Rosenberg A, Binkowski E (2004) Augmenting the kappa statistic to determine interannotator reliability for multiply labeled data points. In: Dumais DMS, Roukos S, (eds), HLT-NAACL 2004: short papers. Association for Computational Linguistics, Boston, MA, pp 77-80
    • (2004) HLT-NAACL 2004: Short Papers. Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 77-80
    • Rosenberg, A.1    Binkowski, E.2
  • 100
    • 38049054725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You are Sooo Cool, Valentina! Recognizing social attitude in speech-based dialogues with an ECA
    • In: Paiva A, Prada R, Picard RW, (eds), Springer, Berlin
    • de Rosis F, Batliner A, Novielli N, Steidl S (2007) ‘You are Sooo Cool, Valentina!’ Recognizing social attitude in speech-based dialogues with an ECA. In: Paiva A, Prada R, Picard RW, (eds), Affective computing and intelligent interaction, Springer, Berlin, pp 179-190
    • (2007) Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction , pp. 179-190
    • De Rosis, F.1    Batliner, A.2    Novielli, N.3    Steidl, S.4
  • 101
    • 0000646059 scopus 로고
    • Learning internal representations by error propagation
    • In: Rumelhart D, McClelland L, the PDP Research Group, (eds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Rumelhart D, Hinton G, Williams R (1986) Learning internal representations by error propagation. In: Rumelhart D, McClelland L, the PDP Research Group, (eds), Parallel distributed processes: exploration in the microstructure of cognition, vol 1. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 318-362
    • (1986) Parallel Distributed Processes: Exploration in the Microstructure of Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 318-362
    • Rumelhart, D.1    Hinton, G.2    Williams, R.3
  • 102
    • 0000662262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How shall an emotion be called?
    • In: Plutchik R, Conte HR, chapter 9. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
    • Russel JA (1997) How shall an emotion be called? In: Plutchik R, Conte HR (eds), Circumplex models of personality and emotions, chapter 9. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 205-220
    • (1997) Circumplex Models of Personality and Emotions , pp. 205-220
    • Russel, J.A.1
  • 104
    • 27144463192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On comparing classifiers: Pitfalls to avoid and a recommended approach
    • Salzberg S (1997) On comparing classifiers: pitfalls to avoid and a recommended approach. Data Min Knowl Discov, 1(3), 317-328
    • (1997) Data Min Knowl Discov , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-328
    • Salzberg, S.1
  • 105
    • 0037384712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocal communication of emotion: A review of research paradigms
    • Scherer KR (2003) Vocal communication of emotion: a review of research paradigms. Speech Commun 40:227-256
    • (2003) Speech Commun , vol.40 , pp. 227-256
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 106
    • 0347613216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocal expression of emotion
    • In: Davidson RJ, Scherer KR, Goldsmith HH, chapter 23. Oxford University Press, Oxford NY
    • Scherer KR, Johnstone T, Klasmeyer G (2003) Vocal expression of emotion. In: Davidson RJ, Scherer KR, Goldsmith HH, (eds), Handbook of affective sciences, chapter 23. Oxford University Press, Oxford NY, pp 433-456
    • (2003) Handbook of Affective Sciences , pp. 433-456
    • Scherer, K.R.1    Johnstone, T.2    Klasmeyer, G.3
  • 107
    • 23944443102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic phonetic transcription of non-prompted speech
    • San Francisco, CA, August 1-7
    • Schiel F (1999) Automatic phonetic transcription of non-prompted speech. In: Proceedings of the ICPhS, San Francisco, CA, August 1-7, pp 607-610
    • (1999) Proceedings of the Icphs , pp. 607-610
    • Schiel, F.1
  • 109
    • 70450185591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognising interest in conversational speech - comparing bag of frames and supra-segmental features
    • Brighton, UK, September 6-10
    • Schuller B, Rigoll G (2009) Recognising interest in conversational speech - comparing bag of frames and supra-segmental features. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Brighton, UK, September 6-10, pp 1999-2002
    • (2009) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 1999-2002
    • Schuller, B.1    Rigoll, G.2
  • 110
    • 0141478857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hidden Markov model-based speech emotion recognition
    • Hong Kong, April 6-10
    • Schuller B, Rigoll G, Lang M (2003) Hidden Markov model-based speech emotion recognition. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, Hong Kong, April 6-10, pp 1-4
    • (2003) Proceedings of the ICASSP , pp. 1-4
    • Schuller, B.1    Rigoll, G.2    Lang, M.3
  • 111
    • 4544316885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech emotion recognition combining acoustic features and linguistic information in a hybrid support vector machine-belief network architecture
    • Montreal, QC, Canada, May 17-21
    • Schuller B, Rigoll G, Lang M (2004) Speech emotion recognition combining acoustic features and linguistic information in a hybrid support vector machine-belief network architecture. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, Montreal, QC, Canada, May 17-21, pp 577-580
    • (2004) Proceedings of the ICASSP , pp. 577-580
    • Schuller, B.1    Rigoll, G.2    Lang, M.3
  • 112
    • 33745198227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speaker independent emotion recognition by early fusion of acoustic and linguistic features within ensemble
    • Lisbon, September 4-8
    • Schuller B, Müller R, Lang M, Rigoll G (2005) Speaker independent emotion recognition by early fusion of acoustic and linguistic features within ensemble. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Lisbon, September 4-8, pp 805-808
    • (2005) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 805-808
    • Schuller, B.1    Müller, R.2    Lang, M.3    Rigoll, G.4
  • 113
  • 114
    • 44949160056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of interest in human conversational speech
    • Pittsburgh, PA, September 17-21
    • Schuller B, Köhler N, Müller R, Rigoll G (2006b) Recognition of interest in human conversational speech. In: Proceedings of the Interspeech, Pittsburgh, PA, September 17-21, pp 793-796
    • (2006) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 793-796
    • Schuller, B.1    Köhler, N.2    Müller, R.3    Rigoll, G.4
  • 119
    • 70349193703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion recognition from speech: Putting ASR in the loop
    • Taipei, Taiwan. IEEE, April 19-24
    • Schuller B, Batliner A, Steidl S, Seppi D (2009b) Emotion recognition from speech: putting ASR in the loop. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, Taipei, Taiwan. IEEE, April 19-24, pp 4585-4588
    • (2009) Proceedings of ICASSP , pp. 4585-4588
    • Schuller, B.1    Batliner, A.2    Steidl, S.3    Seppi, D.4
  • 121
    • 0000797410 scopus 로고
    • A study of emotions by speech transcription
    • Scripture E (1921) A study of emotions by speech transcription. Vox 31:179-183
    • (1921) Vox , vol.31 , pp. 179-183
    • Scripture, E.1
  • 126
    • 0002592382 scopus 로고
    • A calibrated recording and analysis of the pitch, force, and quality of vocal tones expressing happiness and sadness
    • Skinner E (1935) A calibrated recording and analysis of the pitch, force, and quality of vocal tones expressing happiness and sadness. Speech Monogr 2:81-137
    • (1935) Speech Monogr , vol.2 , pp. 81-137
    • Skinner, E.1
  • 127
    • 84892167910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baby Ears: A Recognition System for Affective Vocalizations
    • Seattle, WA
    • Slaney M, McRoberts G (1998) Baby Ears: A Recognition System for Affective Vocalizations. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, Seattle, WA, pp 985-988
    • (1998) Proceedings of the ICASSP , pp. 985-988
    • Slaney, M.1    Mc Roberts, G.2
  • 129
    • 22944452795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking at the last two turns, I’d say this dialogue is doomed — measuring dialogue success
    • In: Sojka P, Kopecek I, Pala K, . Berlin, Heidelberg
    • Steidl S, Ruff C, Batliner A, Nöth E, Haas J (2004) Looking at the last two turns, I’d say this dialogue is doomed — measuring dialogue success. In: Sojka P, Kopecek I, Pala K, (eds), Text, speech and dialogue, 7th international conference, TSD 2004. Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 629-636
    • (2004) Text, Speech and Dialogue, 7Th International Conference, TSD 2004 , pp. 629-636
    • Steidl, S.1    Ruff, C.2    Batliner, A.3    Nöth, E.4    Haas, J.5
  • 130
    • 33646774273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of all things the measure is man: Automatic classification of emotions and inter-labeler consistency
    • Philadelphia, PA, May 12-15
    • Steidl S, Levit M, Batliner A, Nöth E, Niemann H (2005) “Of all things the measure is man”: automatic classification of emotions and inter-labeler consistency. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, Philadelphia, PA, May 12-15, pp 317-320
    • (2005) In: Proceedings of ICASSP , pp. 317-320
    • Steidl, S.1    Levit, M.2    Batliner, A.3    Nöth, E.4    Niemann, H.5
  • 131
    • 77949400109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hinterland of emotions: Facing the open-microphone challenge
    • Amsterdam, September 10-12
    • Steidl S, Schuller B, Batliner A, Seppi D (2009) The hinterland of emotions: facing the open-microphone challenge. In: Proceedings of ACII, Amsterdam, September 10-12, pp 690-697
    • (2009) Proceedings of ACII , pp. 690-697
    • Steidl, S.1    Schuller, B.2    Batliner, A.3    Seppi, D.4
  • 133
    • 0037382560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotions, speech and the ASR framework
    • ten Bosch L (2003) Emotions, speech and the ASR framework. Speech Commun 40(1-2):213-225
    • (2003) Speech Commun , vol.40-1 , Issue.2 , pp. 213-225
    • Ten Bosch, L.1
  • 134
    • 33745188038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic detection of laughter
    • Lisbon, Portugal, September 4-8
    • Truong K, van Leeuwen D (2005) Automatic detection of laughter. In: Proceedings of the interspeech, Lisbon, Portugal, September 4-8, pp 485-488
    • (2005) Proceedings of the Interspeech , pp. 485-488
    • Truong, K.1    Van Leeuwen, D.2
  • 136
    • 84862624179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast sequential floating forward selection applied to emotional speech features estimated on DES and SUSAS data collection
    • Florence, September 4-8, pagination
    • Ververidis D, Kotropoulos C (2006) Fast sequential floating forward selection applied to emotional speech features estimated on DES and SUSAS data collection. In: Proceedings of european signal processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2006), Florence, September 4-8, no pagination
    • (2006) Proceedings of European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2006)
    • Ververidis, D.1    Kotropoulos, C.2
  • 137
    • 84887707488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining frame and turn-level information for robust recognition of emotions within speech
    • Antwerp, Belgium, August 27-31
    • Vlasenko B, Schuller B, Wendemuth A, Rigoll G (2007a) Combining frame and turn-level information for robust recognition of emotions within speech. In: Proceedings of Interspeech, Antwerp, Belgium, August 27-31, pp 2249-2252
    • (2007) Proceedings of Interspeech , pp. 2249-2252
    • Vlasenko, B.1    Schuller, B.2    Wendemuth, A.3    Rigoll, G.4
  • 138
    • 38049048651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frame vs. Turn-level: Emotion recognition from speech considering static and dynamic processing
    • In: Paiva A, Prada R, Picard RW, Springer, Berlin
    • Vlasenko B, Schuller B, Wendemuth A, Rigoll G (2007b) Frame vs. turn-level: emotion recognition from speech considering static and dynamic processing. In: Paiva A, Prada R, Picard RW, (eds), Affective computing and intelligent interaction. Springer, Berlin, pp 139-147
    • (2007) Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction , pp. 139-147
    • Vlasenko, B.1    Schuller, B.2    Wendemuth, A.3    Rigoll, G.4
  • 139
    • 77949371114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time vocal emotion recognition in artistic installations and interactive storytelling: Experiences and lessons learnt from CALLAS and IRIS
    • Amsterdam, September 10-12
    • Vogt T, André E, Wagner J, Gilroy S, Charles F, Cavazza M (2009) Real-time vocal emotion recognition in artistic installations and interactive storytelling: experiences and lessons learnt from CALLAS and IRIS. In: Proceedings of the ACII, Amsterdam, September 10-12, pp 670-677
    • (2009) Proceedings of the ACII , pp. 670-677
    • Vogt, T.1    Ré, E.2    Wagner, J.3    Gilroy, S.4    Charles, F.5    Cavazza, M.6
  • 140
    • 38049079660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic comparison of different HMM designs for emotion recognition from acted and spontaneous speech
    • In: Paiva A, Prada R, Picard RW, Springer, Berlin
    • Wagner J, Vogt T, André A (2007) A systematic comparison of different HMM designs for emotion recognition from acted and spontaneous speech. In: Paiva A, Prada R, Picard RW, (eds), Affective computing and intelligent interaction. Springer, Berlin, pp 114-125
    • (2007) Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction , pp. 114-125
    • Wagner, J.1    Vogt, T.2    Ré, A.3
  • 141
    • 0015409613 scopus 로고
    • Emotions and speech: Some acoustic correlates
    • Wilhams C, Stevens K (1972) Emotions and speech: some acoustic correlates. J Acoust Soc Am (JASA) 52:1238-1250
    • (1972) J Acoust Soc am (JASA) , vol.52 , pp. 1238-1250
    • Wilhams, C.1    Stevens, K.2
  • 145
    • 0026692226 scopus 로고
    • Stacked generalization
    • Wolpert D (1992) Stacked generalization. Neural Netw 5:241-259
    • (1992) Neural Netw , vol.5 , pp. 241-259
    • Wolpert, D.1
  • 146
    • 77952107788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posting act tagging using transformation-based learning
    • In: Lin TY, Ohsuga S, Liau C-J, Hu X, Tsumoto S, (eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Wu T, Khan F, Fisher T, Shuler L, Pottenger W (2005) Posting act tagging using transformation-based learning. In: Lin TY, Ohsuga S, Liau C-J, Hu X, Tsumoto S, (eds), Foundations of data mining and knowledge discovery. Springer, Berlin, pp 319-331
    • (2005) Foundations of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. , pp. 319-331
    • Wu, T.1    Khan, F.2    Fisher, T.3    Shuler, L.4    Pottenger, W.5
  • 147
    • 34247604548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion recognition from noisy speech
    • Toronto, ON, July 9-12
    • You M, Chen C, Bu J, Liu J, Tao J (2006) Emotion recognition from noisy speech. In: Proceedings of ICME, Toronto, ON, July 9-12, pp 1653-1656
    • (2006) Proceedings of ICME , pp. 1653-1656
    • You, M.1    Chen, C.2    Bu, J.3    Liu, J.4    Tao, J.5
  • 149
    • 57149144228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Survey of affect recognition methods: Audio, visual, and spontaneous expressions
    • Zeng Z, Pantic M, Roisman GI, Huang TS (2009) A Survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual, and spontaneous expressions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(1):39-58
    • (2009) IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-58
    • Zeng, Z.1    Pantic, M.2    Roisman, G.I.3    Huang, T.S.4
  • 151
    • 0035278948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear feature based classification of speech under stress
    • Zhou G, Hansen JHL, Kaiser J.F (2001) Nonlinear feature based classification of speech under stress. IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process 9:201-216
    • (2001) IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process , vol.9 , pp. 201-216
    • Zhou, G.1    Hansen, J.2    Kaiser, J.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.