Health burden and costs of obesity and overweight in Germany: an update

European Journal of Health Economics

Volumn 16, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 957-967

  Lehnert, Thomas ^a,b   Streltchenia, Pawel ^a   Konnopka, Alexander ^a   Riedel Heller, Steffi G ^b   König, Hans Helmut ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cost analysis; Germany; Obesity; Overweight; Population attributable fraction

Indexed keywords

ABSENTEEISM; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CANCER MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; COST OF ILLNESS; DIABETES MELLITUS; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; FEMALE; GALLBLADDER DISEASE; HEALTH CARE COST; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIVER CANCER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PREMATURE MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; RETIREMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; ADULT; AGED; ECONOMICS; GERMANY; HEALTH SERVICE; MEDICAL LEAVE; MIDDLE AGED; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UTILIZATION; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COST OF ILLNESS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH SERVICES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, ECONOMETRIC; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; SICK LEAVE;

EID: 84947484674     PISSN: 16187598     EISSN: 16187601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10198-014-0645-x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Swinburn, B.A., Sacks, G., Hall, K.D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D.T., Moodie, M.L., Gortmaker, S.L.: The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet 378, 804–814 (2011)
2. Hill, J.O., Wyatt, H.R., Peters, J.C.: Energy balance and obesity. Circulation 126, 126–132 (2012)
3. Blüher, M.: The distinction of metabolically ‘healthy’ from ‘unhealthy’ obese individuals. Curr Opin Lipidol 21, 38–43 (2010)
4. SS Lim, T Vos, AD Flaxman, G Danaei, K Shibuya, HAdair-Rohani, M Amann, HR Anderson, KG Andrews, M Aryee, C Atkinson, LJ Bacchus, AN Bahalim, K Balakrishnan, J Balmes, S Barker-Collo, A Baxter, ML Bell JD Blore, FB lyth, C Bonner, G Borges, R Bourne, M Boussinesq, M Brauer, PB rooks, NG Bruce, B Brunekreef, C Bryan-Hancock, C Bucello, R Buchbinder, F Bull, RT Burnett, TE Byers, B Calabria, J Carapetis, E Carnahan, Z Chafe, F Charlson, H Chen, JS Chen, AT Cheng, JC Child, A Cohen, KE Colson, BC Cowie, S Darby, S Darling, A Davis, L Degenhardt, F Dentener, Des Jarlais, D.C., Devries, K., Dherani, M., Ding, E.L., Dorsey, E.R., Driscoll, T., Edmond, K., Ali, S.E., Engell, R.E., Erwin, P.J., Fahimi, S., Falder, G., Farzadfar, F., Ferrari, A., Finucane, M.M., Flaxman, S., Fowkes, F.G., Freedman, G., Freeman, M.K., Gakidou, E., Ghosh, S., Giovannucci, E., Gmel, G., Graham, K., Grainger, R., Grant, B., Gunnell, D., Gutierrez, H.R., Hall, W., Hoek, H.W., Hogan, A., Hosgood, H.D., 3rd, Hoy, D., Hu, H., Hubbell, B.J., Hutchings, S.J., Ibeanusi, S.E., Jacklyn, G.L., Jasrasaria, R., Jonas, J.B., Kan, H., Kanis, J.A., Kassebaum, N., Kawakami, N., Khang, Y.H., Khatibzadeh, S., Khoo, J.P., Kok, C., Laden, F., Lalloo, R., Lan, Q., Lathlean, T., Leasher, J.L., Leigh, J., Li, Y., Lin, J.K., Lipshultz, S.E., London, S., Lozano, R., Lu, Y., Mak, J., Malekzadeh, R., Mallinger, L., Marcenes, W., March, L., Marks, R., Martin, R., McGale, P., McGrath, J., Mehta, S., Mensah, G.A., Merriman, T.R., Micha, R., Michaud, C., Mishra, V., Hanafiah, K.M., Mokdad, A.A., Morawska, L., Mozaffarian, D., Murphy, T., Naghavi, M., Neal, B., Nelson, P.K., Nolla, J.M., Norman, R., Olives, C., Omer, S.B., Orchard, J., Osborne, R., Ostro, B., Page, A., Pandey, K.D., Parry, C.D., Passmore, E., Patra, J., Pearce, N., Pelizzari, P.M., Petzold, M., Phillips, M.R., Pope, D., Pope, C.A., 3rd, Powles, J., Rao, M., Razavi, H., Rehfuess, E.A., Rehm, J.T., Ritz, B., Rivara, F.P., Roberts, T., Robinson, C., Rodriguez-Portales, J.A., Romieu, I., Room, R., Rosenfeld, L.C., Roy, A., Rushton, L., Salomon, J.A., Sampson, U., Sanchez-Riera, L., Sanman, E., Sapkota, A., Seedat, S., Shi, P., Shield, K., Shivakoti, R., Singh, G.M., Sleet, D.A., Smith, E., Smith, K.R., Stapelberg, N.J., Steenland, K., Stockl, H., Stovner, L.J., Straif, K., Straney, L., Thurston, G.D., Tran, J.H., Van Dingenen, R., van Donkelaar, A., Veerman, J.L., Vijayakumar, L., Weintraub, R., Weissman, M.M., White, R.A., Whiteford, H., Wiersma, S.T., Wilkinson, J.D., Williams, H.C., Williams, W., Wilson, N., Woolf, A.D., Yip, P., Zielinski, J.M., Lopez, A.D., Murray, C.J., Ezzati, M.: A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 Lancet(380):2224–2260 (2012)
5. Finucane, M.M., Stevens, G.A., Cowan, M.J., Danaei, G., Lin, J.K., Paciorek, C.J., Singh, G.M., Gutierrez, H.R., Lu, Y.A., Bahalim, A.N., Farzadfar, F., Riley, L.M., Ezzati, M.: C, G.B.M.R.F.: National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet 377, 557–567 (2011)
6. Malik, V.S., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B.: Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 9, 13–27 (2012)
7. World Health Organization (WHO): Obesity and overweight. WHO Media Center (Fact Sheet N°311) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html (2013). Accessed 22 Oct 2013
8. Mensink, G.B., Schienkiewitz, A., Haftenberger, M., Lampert, T., Ziese, T., Scheidt-Nave, C.: Overweight and obesity in Germany: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 56, 786–794 (2013)
9. Reynolds, S.L.: Recent developments in obesity research: linkages between obesity, disability, and physical functioning. Curr. Obes. Rep. 2, 267–274 (2013)
10. Ul-Haq, Z., Mackay, D.F., Fenwick, E., Pell, J.P.: Meta-analysis of the association between body mass index and health-related quality of life among adults, assessed by the SF-36. Obesity 21, E322–E327 (2013)
11. Flegal, K.M., Kit, B.K., Orpana, H., Graubard, B.I.: Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 309, 71–82 (2013)
12. Whitlock, G., Lewington, S., Sherliker, P., Clarke, R., Emberson, J., Halsey, J., Qizilbash, N., Collins, R., Peto, R.: Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 373, 1083–1096 (2009)
13. Lehnert, T., Sonntag, D., Konnopka, A., Riedel-Heller, S., Konig, H.H.: Economic costs of overweight and obesity. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 27, 105–115 (2013)
14. Raebel, M.A., Malone, D.C., Conner, D.A., Xu, S., Porter, J.A., Lanty, F.A.: Health services use and health care costs of obese and non-obese individuals. Arch. Intern. Med. 164, 2135–2140 (2004)
15. Bierl, M., Marsh, T., Webber, L., Brown, M., McPherson, K., Rtveladze, K.: Apples and oranges: a comparison of costing methods for obesity. Obes. Rev. 14, 693–706 (2013)
16. Konnopka, A., Bodemann, M., Konig, H.H.: Health burden and costs of obesity and overweight in Germany. Eur. J. Health. Econ. 12, 345–352 (2011)
17. Rockhill, B., Newman, B., Weinberg, C.: Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. Am. J. Public Health 88, 15–19 (1998)
18. Levine, B.: What does the population attributable fraction mean? Prev. Chronic Dis. 4, A14 (2007)
19. Hanley, J.A.: A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 55, 508–514 (2001)
20. Calle, E.E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., Thun, M.J.: Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1625–1638 (2003)
21. Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E.H., Field, A.E., Colditz, G., Dietz, W.H.: The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 282, 1523–1529 (1999)
22. Luck, T., Riedel-Heller, S.G., Luppa, M., Wiese, B., Wollny, A., Wagner, M., Bickel, H., Weyerer, S., Pentzek, M., Haller, F., Moesch, E., Werle, J., Eisele, M., Maier, W., van den Bussche, H., Kaduszkiewicz, H.: Risk factors for incident mild cognitive impairment–results from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe). Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 121, 260–272 (2010)
23. Statistisches Bundesamt [German Federal Statistical Office]: Todesursachenstatistik 2008. Fachserie 12, Reihe 4. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2010)
24. Eisenmenger, M., Emmerling, D.: Amtliche Sterbetafeln und Entwicklung der Sterblichkeit. Statistisches Bundesamt, Wirtschaft und Statistik. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2011)
25. Konig, H.H., Bernert, S., Angermeyer, M.C.: Gesundheitszustand der deutschen Bevölkerung: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung mit dem EuroQol-Instrument. [Health status of the German population: results of a representative survey using the EuroQol questionnaire]. Gesundheitswesen 67, 173–182 (2005)
26. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Tiefgegliederte Diagnosedaten der Krankenhauspatientinnen und -patienten 2008. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2010)
27. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Kostennachweis der Krankenhäuser 2008. Fachserie 12, Reihe 6.3. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2009)
28. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser 2008. Fachserie 12, Reihe 6.1.1. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2010)
29. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Krankheitskostenrechnung 2002, 2004, 2006 und 2008. Fachserie 12, Reihe 7.2. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2010)
30. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund German statutory pension insurance scheme: Abgeschlossene Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation im Berichtsjahr 2008. Berlin, Germany: Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund, Sonderauswertung (2013)
31. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Gesundheit. Ausgaben 1995-2010. Fachserie 12, Reihe 7.1.2. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2012)
32. Statistisches Bundesamt [German Federal Statistical Office]: Verdienste und Arbeitskosten 2010. Verdienststrukturen 20110. Fachserie 16. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2013)
33. Eurostat: Social security and other labour costs paid by employer. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tps00114&language=en (2013). Accessed 5 September 2013
34. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2010. Wiesbaden, Statistisches Bundesamt (2010)
35. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit. Fachserie 1, Reihe 4.2.1. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2009)
36. Statistisches Bundesamt German Federal Statistical Office: Alltag in Deutschland, Analysen zur Zeitverwendung. Forum der Bundesstatistik, Band 43. Wiesbaden, Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt (2004)
37. BKK Bundesverband: BBK Gesundheitsreport 2009. Gesundheit in Zeiten der Krise. Sonderauswertung BKK-Bundesverband zu AU Tagen. Essen, Germany: BKK Bundesverband (2009)
38. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund [German statutory pension insurance scheme]: Rentenzugang 2008. Statistik der deutschen Rentenversicherung, Band 173. Berlin, Germany: Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (2009)
39. Connor Gorber, S., Tremblay, M., Moher, D., Gorber, B.: A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systematic review. Obes. Rev. 8, 307–326 (2007)
40. Lehnert, T., Stuhldreher, N., Streltchenia, P., Riedel-Heller, S.G., Konig, H.H.: Sick leave days and costs associated with overweight and obesity in Germany. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 56, 20–27 (2014)
41. Tsai, A.G., Williamson, D.F., Glick, H.A.: Direct medical cost of overweight and obesity in the USA: a quantitative systematic review. Obes. Rev. 12, 50–61 (2010)
42. Muller-Riemenschneider, F., Reinhold, T., Berghofer, A., Willich, S.N.: Health-economic burden of obesity in Europe. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 23, 499–509 (2008)
43. Withrow, D., Alter, D.A.: The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes. Rev. 12, 131–141 (2010)
44. von Lengerke, T., Krauth, C.: Economic costs of adult obesity: a review of recent European studies with a focus on subgroup-specific costs. Maturitas 69, 220–229 (2011)
45. Knoll, K., Hauner, H.: Kosten der Adipositas in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. A health-economic analysis of the total cost burden caused by obesity and the diseases associated with obesity in the Federal Republic of Germany. Adipositas 2, 204–210 (2008)
46. Sander, B., Bergemann, R.: Economic burden of obesity and its complications in Germany. Eur. J. Health. Econ. 4, 248–253 (2003)
47. Guh, D.P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C.L., Anis, A.H.: The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 9, 88 (2009)
48. Schultz, A.B., Edington, D.W.: Employee health and presenteeism: a systematic review. J. Occup. Rehabil. 17, 547–579 (2007)
49. Finkelstein, E.A., DiBonaventura, M., Burgess, S.M., Hale, B.C.: The costs of obesity in the workplace. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 52, 971–976 (2010)
50. Kesztyus, D., Schreiber, A., Wirt, T., Wiedom, M., Dreyhaupt, J., Brandstetter, S., Koch, B., Wartha, O., Muche, R., Wabitsch, M., Kilian, R., Steinacker, J.M.: Economic evaluation of URMEL-ICE, a school-based overweight prevention programme comprising metabolism, exercise and lifestyle intervention in children. Eur. J. Health. Econ. 14, 185–195 (2013)
51. Lehnert, T., Sonntag, D., Konnopka, A., Riedel-Heller, S., Konig, H.H.: The long-term cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions: systematic literature review. Obes. Rev. 13, 537–553 (2012)