메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue SEP, 2015, Pages

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A machine learning approach

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Artificial intelligence; Automatic classification; Machine learning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mild cognitive impairment; Structural neuroimaging biomarkers; Support vector machine

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

EID: 84946568091     PISSN: 16624548     EISSN: 1662453X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00307     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (211)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 79956084514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
    • Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., et al. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers. Dement. 7, 270-279. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008
    • (2011) Alzheimers. Dement , vol.7 , pp. 270-279
    • Albert, M.S.1    DeKosky, S.T.2    Dickson, D.3    Dubois, B.4    Feldman, H.H.5    Fox, N.C.6
  • 2
    • 0033933649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel-based morphometry-the methods
    • Ashburner, J., and Friston, K. J. (2000). Voxel-based morphometry-the methods. Neuroimage 11, 805-821. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0582
    • (2000) Neuroimage , vol.11 , pp. 805-821
    • Ashburner, J.1    Friston, K.J.2
  • 4
    • 33746310315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease
    • Blennow, K., de Leon, M. J., and Zetterberg, H. (2006). Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 368, 387-403. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69113-7
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 387-403
    • Blennow, K.1    de Leon, M.J.2    Zetterberg, H.3
  • 5
    • 0025863618 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes
    • Braak, H., and Braak, E. (1991). Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol. 82, 239-259. doi: 10.1007/BF00308809
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol , vol.82 , pp. 239-259
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 6
    • 0037334124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A voxel-based morphometry study of temporal lobe gray matter reductions in Alzheimer's disease
    • Busatto, G. F., Garrido, G. E., Almeida, O. P., Castro, C. C., Camargo, C. H., Cid, C. G., et al. (2003). A voxel-based morphometry study of temporal lobe gray matter reductions in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 24, 221-231. doi: 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00084-2
    • (2003) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.24 , pp. 221-231
    • Busatto, G.F.1    Garrido, G.E.2    Almeida, O.P.3    Castro, C.C.4    Camargo, C.H.5    Cid, C.G.6
  • 7
    • 77956907243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On over-fitting in model selection and subsequent selection bias in performance evaluation
    • Cawley, G. C., and Talbot, N. L. (2010). On over-fitting in model selection and subsequent selection bias in performance evaluation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 11, 2079-2107
    • (2010) J. Mach. Learn. Res , vol.11 , pp. 2079-2107
    • Cawley, G.C.1    Talbot, N.L.2
  • 8
    • 79955059574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease from structural MRI: a comparison of ten methods using the ADNI database
    • Cuingnet, R., Gerardin, E., Tessieras, J., Auzias, G., Lehéricy, S., Habert, M. O., et al. (2011). Automatic classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease from structural MRI: a comparison of ten methods using the ADNI database. Neuroimage 56, 766-781. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.013
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.56 , pp. 766-781
    • Cuingnet, R.1    Gerardin, E.2    Tessieras, J.3    Auzias, G.4    Lehéricy, S.5    Habert, M.O.6
  • 9
    • 39749189507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of prodromal Alzheimer's disease via pattern classification of magnetic resonance imaging
    • Davatzikos, C., Fan, Y., Wu, X., Shen, D., and Resnick, S. M. (2008). Detection of prodromal Alzheimer's disease via pattern classification of magnetic resonance imaging. Neurobiol. Aging 29, 514-523. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.11.010
    • (2008) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.29 , pp. 514-523
    • Davatzikos, C.1    Fan, Y.2    Wu, X.3    Shen, D.4    Resnick, S.M.5
  • 10
    • 34447322271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria
    • Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., DeKosky, S. T., Barberger-Gateau, P., Cummings, J., et al. (2007). Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol. 6, 734-746. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70178-3
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 734-746
    • Dubois, B.1    Feldman, H.H.2    Jacova, C.3    DeKosky, S.T.4    Barberger-Gateau, P.5    Cummings, J.6
  • 11
    • 80053619711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual voxel-based subtype prediction can differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy from idiopathic parkinson syndrome and healthy controls
    • Focke, N. K., Helms, G., Scheewe, S., Pantel, P. M., Bachmann, C. G., Dechent, P., et al. (2011). Individual voxel-based subtype prediction can differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy from idiopathic parkinson syndrome and healthy controls. Hum. Brain Mapp. 32, 1905-1915. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21161
    • (2011) Hum. Brain Mapp , vol.32 , pp. 1905-1915
    • Focke, N.K.1    Helms, G.2    Scheewe, S.3    Pantel, P.M.4    Bachmann, C.G.5    Dechent, P.6
  • 12
    • 0842283229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging cerebral atrophy: normal ageing to Alzheimer's disease
    • Fox, N. C., and Schott, J. M. (2004). Imaging cerebral atrophy: normal ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 363, 392-394. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15441-X
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 392-394
    • Fox, N.C.1    Schott, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 67651233524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional classification of hippocampal shape features discriminates Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment from normal aging
    • Gerardin, E., Chételat, G., Chupin, M., Cuingnet, R., Desgranges, B., Kim, H. S., et al. (2009). Multidimensional classification of hippocampal shape features discriminates Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment from normal aging. Neuroimage 47, 1476-1486. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.036
    • (2009) Neuroimage , vol.47 , pp. 1476-1486
    • Gerardin, E.1    Chételat, G.2    Chupin, M.3    Cuingnet, R.4    Desgranges, B.5    Kim, H.S.6
  • 15
    • 41649094769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate and univariate neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
    • Habeck, C., Foster, N. L., Perneczky, R., Kurz, A., Alexopoulos, P., Koeppe, R. A., et al. (2008). Multivariate and univariate neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 40, 1503-1515. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.056
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.40 , pp. 1503-1515
    • Habeck, C.1    Foster, N.L.2    Perneczky, R.3    Kurz, A.4    Alexopoulos, P.5    Koeppe, R.A.6
  • 16
    • 84890905553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the interpretation of weight vectors of linear models in multivariate neuroimaging
    • Haufe, S., Meinecke, F., Görgen, K., Dähne, S., Haynes, J. D., Blankertz, B., et al. (2014). On the interpretation of weight vectors of linear models in multivariate neuroimaging. Neuroimage 87, 96-110. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.10.067
    • (2014) Neuroimage , vol.87 , pp. 96-110
    • Haufe, S.1    Meinecke, F.2    Görgen, K.3    Dähne, S.4    Haynes, J.D.5    Blankertz, B.6
  • 17
    • 84895830132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regions of interest computed by SVM wrapped method for Alzheimer's disease examination from segmented MRI
    • Hidalgo-Muñoz, A. R., Ramírez, J., Górriz, J. M., and Padilla, P. (2014). Regions of interest computed by SVM wrapped method for Alzheimer's disease examination from segmented MRI. Front. Aging Neurosci. 6:20. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00020
    • (2014) Front. Aging Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 20
    • Hidalgo-Muñoz, A.R.1    Ramírez, J.2    Górriz, J.M.3    Padilla, P.4
  • 18
    • 0031255112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial on consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease
    • Hyman, B. T., and Trojanowski, J. Q. (1997). Editorial on consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56, 1095-1097. doi: 10.1097/00005072-199710000-00002
    • (1997) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 1095-1097
    • Hyman, B.T.1    Trojanowski, J.Q.2
  • 19
    • 30444438344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel-based morphometric comparison between early-and late-onset mild Alzheimer's disease and assessment of diagnostic performance of z score images
    • Ishii, K., Kawachi, T., Sasaki, H., Kono, A. K., Fukuda, T., Kojima, Y., et al. (2005). Voxel-based morphometric comparison between early-and late-onset mild Alzheimer's disease and assessment of diagnostic performance of z score images. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 26, 333-340
    • (2005) Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.26 , pp. 333-340
    • Ishii, K.1    Kawachi, T.2    Sasaki, H.3    Kono, A.K.4    Fukuda, T.5    Kojima, Y.6
  • 21
    • 33645788000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain imaging evidence of preclinical Alzheimer's disease in normal aging
    • Jagust, W., Gitcho, A., Sun, F., Kuczynski, B., Mungas, D., and Haan, M. (2006). Brain imaging evidence of preclinical Alzheimer's disease in normal aging. Ann. Neurol. 59, 673-681. doi: 10.1002/ana.20799
    • (2006) Ann. Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 673-681
    • Jagust, W.1    Gitcho, A.2    Sun, F.3    Kuczynski, B.4    Mungas, D.5    Haan, M.6
  • 22
    • 33645117322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability in multi-site structural MRI studies: effects of gradient non-linearity correction on phantom and human data
    • Jovicich, J., Czanner, S., Greve, D., Haley, E., van der Kouwe, A., Gollub, R., et al. (2006). Reliability in multi-site structural MRI studies: effects of gradient non-linearity correction on phantom and human data. Neuroimage 30, 436-443. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.046
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.30 , pp. 436-443
    • Jovicich, J.1    Czanner, S.2    Greve, D.3    Haley, E.4    van der Kouwe, A.5    Gollub, R.6
  • 23
    • 0242669240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive study of gray matter loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease using optimized voxel-based morphometry
    • Karas, G. B., Burton, E. J., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Van Schijndel, R. A., O'Brien, J., Scheltens, P. H., et al. (2003). A comprehensive study of gray matter loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 18, 895-907. doi: 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00041-7
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.18 , pp. 895-907
    • Karas, G.B.1    Burton, E.J.2    Rombouts, S.A.R.B.3    Van Schijndel, R.A.4    O'Brien, J.5    Scheltens, P.H.6
  • 24
    • 39749191312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic classification of MR scans in Alzheimer's disease
    • Klöppel, S., Stonnington, C. M., Chu, C., Draganski, B., Scahill, R. I., Rohrer, J. D., et al. (2008). Automatic classification of MR scans in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 131, 681-689. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm319
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 681-689
    • Klöppel, S.1    Stonnington, C.M.2    Chu, C.3    Draganski, B.4    Scahill, R.I.5    Rohrer, J.D.6
  • 25
    • 0035826782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review) report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology
    • Knopman, D. S., DeKosky, S. T., Cummings, J. L., Chui, H., Corey-Bloom, J., Relkin, N., et al. (2001). Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review) report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology. Neurology 56, 1143-1153. doi: 10.1212/wnl.56.9.1143
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1143-1153
    • Knopman, D.S.1    DeKosky, S.T.2    Cummings, J.L.3    Chui, H.4    Corey-Bloom, J.5    Relkin, N.6
  • 27
    • 0033537739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IκB kinase 2 gene
    • Li, Q., Van Antwerp, D., Mercurio, F., Lee, K. F., and Verma, I. M. (1999). Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IκB kinase 2 gene. Science 284, 321-325. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5412.321
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 321-325
    • Li, Q.1    Van Antwerp, D.2    Mercurio, F.3    Lee, K.F.4    Verma, I.M.5
  • 28
    • 79952617583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal component analysis-based techniques and supervised classification schemes for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease
    • López, M., Ramírez, J., Górriz, J. M., Álvarez, I., Salas-Gonzalez, D., Segovia, F., et al. (2011). Principal component analysis-based techniques and supervised classification schemes for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Neurocomputing 74, 1260-1271. doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2010.06.025
    • (2011) Neurocomputing , vol.74 , pp. 1260-1271
    • López, M.1    Ramírez, J.2    Górriz, J.M.3    Álvarez, I.4    Salas-Gonzalez, D.5    Segovia, F.6
  • 30
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group* under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease
    • McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., and Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group* under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 34, 939-939. doi: 10.1212/wnl.34.7.939
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-939
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3    Katzman, R.4    Price, D.5    Stadlan, E.M.6
  • 31
    • 61849113222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia-meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies
    • Mitchell, A. J., and Shiri-Feshki, M. (2009). Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia-meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 119, 252-265. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01326.x
    • (2009) Acta Psychiatr. Scand , vol.119 , pp. 252-265
    • Mitchell, A.J.1    Shiri-Feshki, M.2
  • 32
    • 84925058025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machine learning framework for early MRI-based Alzheimer's conversion prediction in MCI subjects
    • Moradi, E., Pepe, A., Gaser, C., Huttunen, H., Tohka, J., and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. (2015). Machine learning framework for early MRI-based Alzheimer's conversion prediction in MCI subjects. Neuroimage 104, 398-412. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.002
    • (2015) Neuroimage , vol.104 , pp. 398-412
    • Moradi, E.1    Pepe, A.2    Gaser, C.3    Huttunen, H.4    Tohka, J.5
  • 33
    • 0027425211 scopus 로고
    • The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules
    • Morris, J. C. (1993). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology 43, 2412-2414. doi: 10.1212/WNL.43.11.2412-a
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2412-2414
    • Morris, J.C.1
  • 34
    • 0023940563 scopus 로고
    • Compensation for surface coil sensitivity variation in magnetic resonance imaging
    • Narayana, P. A., Brey, W. W., Kulkarni, M. V., and Sievenpiper, C. L. (1988). Compensation for surface coil sensitivity variation in magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging 6, 271-274. doi: 10.1016/0730-725X(88)90401-8
    • (1988) Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 271-274
    • Narayana, P.A.1    Brey, W.W.2    Kulkarni, M.V.3    Sievenpiper, C.L.4
  • 35
    • 84900315669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fully automated segmentation of the Pons and Midbrain using human T1 MR brain images
    • Nigro, S., Cerasa, A., Zito, G., Perrotta, P., Chiaravalloti, F., Donzuso, G., et al. (2014). Fully automated segmentation of the Pons and Midbrain using human T1 MR brain images. PLoS ONE 9:e85618. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085618
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9
    • Nigro, S.1    Cerasa, A.2    Zito, G.3    Perrotta, P.4    Chiaravalloti, F.5    Donzuso, G.6
  • 36
    • 84923335549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined structural and functional imaging reveals cortical deactivations in grapheme-color synaesthesia
    • O'Hanlon, E., Newell, F. N., and Mitchell, K. J. (2013). Combined structural and functional imaging reveals cortical deactivations in grapheme-color synaesthesia. Front. Psychol. 4:755. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00755
    • (2013) Front. Psychol , vol.4 , pp. 755
    • O'Hanlon, E.1    Newell, F.N.2    Mitchell, K.J.3
  • 37
  • 38
    • 84890764457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machine learning on brain MRI data for differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
    • Salvatore, C., Cerasa, A., Castiglioni, I., Gallivanone, F., Augimeri, A., Lopez, M., et al. (2014). Machine learning on brain MRI data for differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J. Neurosci. Methods. 222, 230-237. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.11.016
    • (2014) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.222 , pp. 230-237
    • Salvatore, C.1    Cerasa, A.2    Castiglioni, I.3    Gallivanone, F.4    Augimeri, A.5    Lopez, M.6
  • 40
    • 67651171190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic and quantitative meta-analysis involving 1351 patients
    • Schroeter, M. L., Stein, T., Maslowski, N., and Neumann, J. (2009). Neural correlates of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic and quantitative meta-analysis involving 1351 patients. Neuroimage 47, 1196-1206. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.037
    • (2009) Neuroimage , vol.47 , pp. 1196-1206
    • Schroeter, M.L.1    Stein, T.2    Maslowski, N.3    Neumann, J.4
  • 41
    • 79956098248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
    • Sperling, R. A., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Bennett, D. A., Craft, S., Fagan, A. M., et al. (2011). Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers. Dement. 7, 280-292. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003
    • (2011) Alzheimers. Dement , vol.7 , pp. 280-292
    • Sperling, R.A.1    Aisen, P.S.2    Beckett, L.A.3    Bennett, D.A.4    Craft, S.5    Fagan, A.M.6
  • 42
    • 52149119873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease-a structural MRI study
    • Thomann, P. A., Schläfer, C., Seidl, U., Dos Santos, V., Essig, M., and Schröder, J. (2008a). The cerebellum in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease-a structural MRI study. J. Psychiatr. Res. 42, 1198-1202. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.12.002
    • (2008) J. Psychiatr. Res , vol.42 , pp. 1198-1202
    • Thomann, P.A.1    Schläfer, C.2    Seidl, U.3    Dos Santos, V.4    Essig, M.5    Schröder, J.6
  • 43
    • 43649086235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clock drawing performance and brain morphology in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    • Thomann, P. A., Toro, P., Dos Santos, V., Essig, M., and Schröder, J. (2008b). Clock drawing performance and brain morphology in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Cogn. 67, 88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.11.008
    • (2008) Brain Cogn , vol.67 , pp. 88-93
    • Thomann, P.A.1    Toro, P.2    Dos Santos, V.3    Essig, M.4    Schröder, J.5
  • 44
    • 84935012460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic classification of initial categories of Alzheimer's disease from structural MRI phase images: a comparison of PSVM, KNN and ANN methods
    • Tufail, A. B., Abidi, A., Siddiqui, A. M., and Younis, M. S. (2012). Automatic classification of initial categories of Alzheimer's disease from structural MRI phase images: a comparison of PSVM, KNN and ANN methods. Age 2012, 1731
    • (2012) Age , vol.2012 , pp. 1731
    • Tufail, A.B.1    Abidi, A.2    Siddiqui, A.M.3    Younis, M.S.4
  • 45
    • 0036076642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrillar inclusions and motor neuron degeneration in transgenic mice expressing superoxide dismutase 1 with a disrupted copper-binding site
    • Wang, J., Xu, G., Gonzales, V., Coonfield, M., Fromholt, D., Copeland, N. G., et al. (2002). Fibrillar inclusions and motor neuron degeneration in transgenic mice expressing superoxide dismutase 1 with a disrupted copper-binding site. Neurobiol. Dis. 10, 128-138. doi: 10.1006/nbdi.2002.0498
    • (2002) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.10 , pp. 128-138
    • Wang, J.1    Xu, G.2    Gonzales, V.3    Coonfield, M.4    Fromholt, D.5    Copeland, N.G.6
  • 47
    • 0034295217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial cells are the driving force in fibrillar plaque formation, whereas astrocytes are a leading factor in plaque degradation
    • Wegiel, J., Wang, K. C., Tarnawski, M., and Lach, B. (2000). Microglial cells are the driving force in fibrillar plaque formation, whereas astrocytes are a leading factor in plaque degradation. Acta Neuropathol. 100, 356-364. doi: 10.1007/s004010000199
    • (2000) Acta Neuropathol , vol.100 , pp. 356-364
    • Wegiel, J.1    Wang, K.C.2    Tarnawski, M.3    Lach, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.