메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1349-1359

Brain Structure in Neuropsychologically Defined Subgroups of Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

Author keywords

Brain volume; Cognition; Neurodev elopmental; Neuroprogressive; Psychosis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BRAIN ATROPHY; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SIZE; BRAIN TISSUE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FRONTAL CORTEX; GRAY MATTER; HUMAN; HYPOPLASIA; INTELLECT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PATIENT; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUBCORTEX; TEMPORAL CORTEX; VOXEL BASED MORPHOMETRY; WHITE MATTER; ATROPHY; BRAIN; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84946135748     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv048     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0031903740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence
    • Heinrichs RW, Zakzanis KK. Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology. 1998;12:426-445.
    • (1998) Neuropsychology , vol.12 , pp. 426-445
    • Heinrichs, R.W.1    Zakzanis, K.K.2
  • 2
    • 53249084473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: Goliath defeats David?
    • Dickinson D, Ragland JD, Gold JM, Gur RC. General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: Goliath defeats David? Biol Psychiatry. 2008;64:823-827.
    • (2008) Biol Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 823-827
    • Dickinson, D.1    Ragland, J.D.2    Gold, J.M.3    Gur, R.C.4
  • 3
    • 34248174285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overlooking the obvious: A meta-analytic comparison of digit symbol coding tasks and other cognitive measures in schizophrenia
    • Dickinson D, Ramsey ME, Gold JM. Overlooking the obvious: a meta-analytic comparison of digit symbol coding tasks and other cognitive measures in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:532-542.
    • (2007) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 532-542
    • Dickinson, D.1    Ramsey, M.E.2    Gold, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 78651339678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders depends on history of psychosis rather than diagnostic group
    • Simonsen C, Sundet K, Vaskinn A, et al. Neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders depends on history of psychosis rather than diagnostic group. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:73-83.
    • (2011) Schizophr Bull , vol.37 , pp. 73-83
    • Simonsen, C.1    Sundet, K.2    Vaskinn, A.3
  • 5
    • 77956254099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive markers of psychosis in bipolar disorder: A meta-analytic study
    • Bora E, Yucel M, Pantelis C. Neurocognitive markers of psychosis in bipolar disorder: a meta-analytic study. J Affect Disord. 2010;127:1-9.
    • (2010) J Affect Disord , vol.127 , pp. 1-9
    • Bora, E.1    Yucel, M.2    Pantelis, C.3
  • 6
    • 0030745593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsychologically normal?
    • Palmer BW, Heaton RK, Paulsen JS, et al. Is it possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsychologically normal? Neuropsychology. 1997;11:437-446.
    • (1997) Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 437-446
    • Palmer, B.W.1    Heaton, R.K.2    Paulsen, J.S.3
  • 9
    • 69249086858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological function and dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders
    • Reichenberg A, Harvey PD, Bowie CR, et al. Neuropsychological function and dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2009;35:1022-1029.
    • (2009) Schizophr Bull , vol.35 , pp. 1022-1029
    • Reichenberg, A.1    Harvey, P.D.2    Bowie, C.R.3
  • 10
    • 43949115532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in cognitive functioning among patients with bipolar disorder
    • Martino DJ, Strejilevich SA, Scapola M, et al. Heterogeneity in cognitive functioning among patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;109:149-156.
    • (2008) J Affect Disord , vol.109 , pp. 149-156
    • Martino, D.J.1    Strejilevich, S.A.2    Scapola, M.3
  • 11
    • 20444483310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big-brained people are smarter: A metaanalysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence
    • McDaniel MA. Big-brained people are smarter: A metaanalysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence. Intelligence. 2005;33:337-346.
    • (2005) Intelligence , vol.33 , pp. 337-346
    • McDaniel, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 70350507095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole brain size and general mental ability: A review
    • Rushton JP, Ankney CD. Whole brain size and general mental ability: a review. Int J Neurosci. 2009;119:691-731.
    • (2009) Int J Neurosci , vol.119 , pp. 691-731
    • Rushton, J.P.1    Ankney, C.D.2
  • 13
    • 53249095969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of gray matter anomalies in schizophrenia: Application of anatomic likelihood estimation and network analysis
    • Glahn DC, Laird AR, Ellison-Wright I, et al. Meta-analysis of gray matter anomalies in schizophrenia: application of anatomic likelihood estimation and network analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;64:774-781.
    • (2008) Biol Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 774-781
    • Glahn, D.C.1    Laird, A.R.2    Ellison-Wright, I.3
  • 14
    • 81955164245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical thickness in neuropsychologically near-normal schizophrenia
    • Cobia DJ, Csernansky JG, Wang L. Cortical thickness in neuropsychologically near-normal schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2011;133:68-76.
    • (2011) Schizophr Res , vol.133 , pp. 68-76
    • Cobia, D.J.1    Csernansky, J.G.2    Wang, L.3
  • 15
    • 0034093929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomic differences among cognitive and symptom subtypes of schizophrenia
    • Allen DN, Seaton BE, Goldstein G, et al. Neuroanatomic differences among cognitive and symptom subtypes of schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000;188:381-384.
    • (2000) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.188 , pp. 381-384
    • Allen, D.N.1    Seaton, B.E.2    Goldstein, G.3
  • 16
    • 80052401637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
    • Ortiz-Gil J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Salvador R, et al. Neural correlates of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;199:202-210.
    • (2011) Br J Psychiatry , vol.199 , pp. 202-210
    • Ortiz-Gil, J.1    Pomarol-Clotet, E.2    Salvador, R.3
  • 17
    • 60349118528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological near normality and brain structure abnormality in schizophrenia
    • Wexler BE, Zhu H, Bell MD, et al. Neuropsychological near normality and brain structure abnormality in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166:189-195.
    • (2009) Am J Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 189-195
    • Wexler, B.E.1    Zhu, H.2    Bell, M.D.3
  • 19
    • 84903610768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster analysis of cognitive deficits may mark heterogeneity in schizophrenia in terms of outcome and response to treatment
    • Gilbert E, Merette C, Jomphe V, et al. Cluster analysis of cognitive deficits may mark heterogeneity in schizophrenia in terms of outcome and response to treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;264:333-343.
    • (2013) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.264 , pp. 333-343
    • Gilbert, E.1    Merette, C.2    Jomphe, V.3
  • 21
    • 7044231237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of intelligence in schizophrenia: Evidence from patients with preserved, deteriorated and compromised intellect
    • Badcock JC, Dragovic M, Waters FA, Jablensky A. Dimensions of intelligence in schizophrenia: evidence from patients with preserved, deteriorated and compromised intellect. J Psychiatr Res. 2005;39:11-19.
    • (2005) J Psychiatr Res , vol.39 , pp. 11-19
    • Badcock, J.C.1    Dragovic, M.2    Waters, F.A.3    Jablensky, A.4
  • 22
    • 33749155373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of intellectual status on response to cognitive task training in patients with schizophrenia
    • Fiszdon JM, Choi J, Bryson GJ, Bell MD. Impact of intellectual status on response to cognitive task training in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006;87:261-269.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.87 , pp. 261-269
    • Fiszdon, J.M.1    Choi, J.2    Bryson, G.J.3    Bell, M.D.4
  • 23
    • 0038771181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of premorbid ability and aging differences in cognitive clusters of schizophrenia
    • Horan WP, Goldstein G. A retrospective study of premorbid ability and aging differences in cognitive clusters of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2003;118:209-221.
    • (2003) Psychiatry Res , vol.118 , pp. 209-221
    • Horan, W.P.1    Goldstein, G.2
  • 24
    • 39649099785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ decline in cross-sectional studies of schizophrenia: Methodology and interpretation
    • Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. IQ decline in cross-sectional studies of schizophrenia: methodology and interpretation. Psychiatry Res. 2008;158:181-194.
    • (2008) Psychiatry Res , vol.158 , pp. 181-194
    • Kremen, W.S.1    Seidman, L.J.2    Faraone, S.V.3    Tsuang, M.T.4
  • 25
    • 79959722951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ trajectory, cognitive reserve, and clinical outcome following a first episode of psychosis: A 3-year longitudinal study
    • Leeson VC, Sharma P, Harrison M, Ron MA, Barnes TR, Joyce EM. IQ trajectory, cognitive reserve, and clinical outcome following a first episode of psychosis: a 3-year longitudinal study. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:768-777.
    • (2011) Schizophr Bull , vol.37 , pp. 768-777
    • Leeson, V.C.1    Sharma, P.2    Harrison, M.3    Ron, M.A.4    Barnes, T.R.5    Joyce, E.M.6
  • 26
    • 70349913891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological functioning in first-episode schizophrenia
    • Kravariti E, Morgan K, Fearon P, et al. Neuropsychological functioning in first-episode schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195:336-345.
    • (2009) Br J Psychiatry , vol.195 , pp. 336-345
    • Kravariti, E.1    Morgan, K.2    Fearon, P.3
  • 27
    • 0033837078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal brain development and aging: Quantitative analysis at in vivo MR imaging in healthy volunteers
    • Courchesne E, Chisum HJ, Townsend J, et al. Normal brain development and aging: quantitative analysis at in vivo MR imaging in healthy volunteers. Radiology. 2000;216:672-682.
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.216 , pp. 672-682
    • Courchesne, E.1    Chisum, H.J.2    Townsend, J.3
  • 28
    • 74049160808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial volumes in a large series of healthy children
    • Kamdar MR, Gomez RA, Ascherman JA. Intracranial volumes in a large series of healthy children. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124:2072-2075.
    • (2009) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.124 , pp. 2072-2075
    • Kamdar, M.R.1    Gomez, R.A.2    Ascherman, J.A.3
  • 30
    • 34347240342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence
    • Lenroot RK, Gogtay N, Greenstein DK, et al. Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. Neuroimage. 2007;36:1065-1073.
    • (2007) Neuroimage , vol.36 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Lenroot, R.K.1    Gogtay, N.2    Greenstein, D.K.3
  • 31
    • 0017715739 scopus 로고
    • A new method for measuring cranial cavity volume and its applications to the assessment of cerebral atrophy at autopsy
    • Davis PJM, Wright EA. A new method for measuring cranial cavity volume and its applications to the assessment of cerebral atrophy at autopsy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1977;3:341-358.
    • (1977) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.3 , pp. 341-358
    • Davis, P.J.M.1    Wright, E.A.2
  • 32
    • 84858162583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional brain volume reductions relate to facial dysmorphology and neurocognitive function in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
    • Roussotte FF, Sulik KK, Mattson SN, et al. Regional brain volume reductions relate to facial dysmorphology and neurocognitive function in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:920-937.
    • (2012) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.33 , pp. 920-937
    • Roussotte, F.F.1    Sulik, K.K.2    Mattson, S.N.3
  • 34
    • 48549085645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain volumetrics to investigate aging and the principal forms of degenerative cognitive decline: A brief review
    • Bozzali M, Cercignani M, Caltagirone C. Brain volumetrics to investigate aging and the principal forms of degenerative cognitive decline: a brief review. Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;26:1065-1070.
    • (2008) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.26 , pp. 1065-1070
    • Bozzali, M.1    Cercignani, M.2    Caltagirone, C.3
  • 35
    • 84883552052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain size and the compensation of Alzheimer's disease symptoms: A longitudinal cohort study
    • Guo LH, Alexopoulos P, Wagenpfeil S, Kurz A, Perneczky R. Brain size and the compensation of Alzheimer's disease symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9:580-586.
    • (2013) Alzheimers Dement , vol.9 , pp. 580-586
    • Guo, L.H.1    Alexopoulos, P.2    Wagenpfeil, S.3    Kurz, A.4    Perneczky, R.5
  • 37
    • 0023606101 scopus 로고
    • The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia
    • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261-276.
    • (1987) Schizophr Bull , vol.13 , pp. 261-276
    • Kay, S.R.1    Fiszbein, A.2    Opler, L.A.3
  • 40
    • 39149120566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S): Psychometric properties of a brief scale for cognitive evaluation in schizophrenia
    • Pino O, Guilera G, Rojo JE, et al. Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S): psychometric properties of a brief scale for cognitive evaluation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2008;99:139-148.
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.99 , pp. 139-148
    • Pino, O.1    Guilera, G.2    Rojo, J.E.3
  • 41
    • 65449169601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical usefulness of the screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry (SCIP-S) scale in patients with type i bipolar disorder
    • Guilera G, Pino O, Gomez-Benito J, et al. Clinical usefulness of the screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry (SCIP-S) scale in patients with type I bipolar disorder. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:28.
    • (2009) Health Qual Life Outcomes , vol.7 , pp. 28
    • Guilera, G.1    Pino, O.2    Gomez-Benito, J.3
  • 42
    • 74849124926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive diagnosis and cut-off scores of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S)
    • Rojo E, Pino O, Guilera G, et al. Neurocognitive diagnosis and cut-off scores of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S). Schizophr Res. 2010;116:243-251.
    • (2010) Schizophr Res , vol.116 , pp. 243-251
    • Rojo, E.1    Pino, O.2    Guilera, G.3
  • 43
    • 79960294700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief cognitive assessment instruments in schizophrenia and bipolar patients, and healthy control subjects: A comparison study between the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia (B-CATS) and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP)
    • Cuesta MJ, Pino O, Guilera G, et al. Brief cognitive assessment instruments in schizophrenia and bipolar patients, and healthy control subjects: a comparison study between the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia (B-CATS) and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP). Schizophr Res. 2011;130:137-142.
    • (2011) Schizophr Res , vol.130 , pp. 137-142
    • Cuesta, M.J.1    Pino, O.2    Guilera, G.3
  • 44
    • 79955400145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief cognitive assessment tool for schizophrenia: Construction of a tool for clinicians
    • Hurford IM, Marder SR, Keefe RS, Reise SP, Bilder RM. A brief cognitive assessment tool for schizophrenia: construction of a tool for clinicians. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:538-545.
    • (2011) Schizophr Bull , vol.37 , pp. 538-545
    • Hurford, I.M.1    Marder, S.R.2    Keefe, R.S.3    Reise, S.P.4    Bilder, R.M.5
  • 46
    • 0022254212 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between measures of brain functions and general intelligence
    • Reitan RM. Relationships between measures of brain functions and general intelligence. J Clin Psychol. 1985;41:245-253.
    • (1985) J Clin Psychol , vol.41 , pp. 245-253
    • Reitan, R.M.1
  • 48
    • 34548832230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm
    • Ashburner J. A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. Neuroimage. 2007;38:95-113.
    • (2007) Neuroimage , vol.38 , pp. 95-113
    • Ashburner, J.1
  • 51
    • 84885210127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia is a cognitive illness: Time for a change in focus
    • Kahn RS, Keefe RS. Schizophrenia is a cognitive illness: time for a change in focus. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70:1107-1112.
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Kahn, R.S.1    Keefe, R.S.2
  • 52
    • 84885204113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the core of schizophrenia?
    • Heckers S. What is the core of schizophrenia? JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70:1009-1010.
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 1009-1010
    • Heckers, S.1
  • 54
    • 15744367366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining a cognitive function decrement in schizophrenia
    • Keefe RS, Eesley CE, Poe MP. Defining a cognitive function decrement in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:688-691.
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 688-691
    • Keefe, R.S.1    Eesley, C.E.2    Poe, M.P.3
  • 55
    • 84872118489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: A systematic review of population-based studies
    • Khandaker GM, Zimbron J, Lewis G, Jones PB. Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies. Psychol Med. 2013;43:239-257.
    • (2013) Psychol Med , vol.43 , pp. 239-257
    • Khandaker, G.M.1    Zimbron, J.2    Lewis, G.3    Jones, P.B.4
  • 56
    • 84891722130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological decline in schizophrenia from the premorbid to the postonset period: Evidence from a population-representative longitudinal study
    • Meier MH, Caspi A, Reichenberg A, et al. Neuropsychological decline in schizophrenia from the premorbid to the postonset period: evidence from a population-representative longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171:91-101.
    • (2014) Am J Psychiatry , vol.171 , pp. 91-101
    • Meier, M.H.1    Caspi, A.2    Reichenberg, A.3
  • 57
    • 79951503453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: A longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia
    • Ho BC, Andreasen NC, Ziebell S, Pierson R, Magnotta V. Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:128-137.
    • (2011) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 128-137
    • Ho, B.C.1    Andreasen, N.C.2    Ziebell, S.3    Pierson, R.4    Magnotta, V.5
  • 58
    • 84890050521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective validation of WTAR and NART scores as estimators of prior cognitive ability using the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
    • Dykiert D, Deary IJ. Retrospective validation of WTAR and NART scores as estimators of prior cognitive ability using the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Psychol Assess. 2013;25:1361-1366.
    • (2013) Psychol Assess , vol.25 , pp. 1361-1366
    • Dykiert, D.1    Deary, I.J.2
  • 60
  • 61
    • 84898640959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive growth charting in psychosis spectrum youths
    • Gur RC, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, et al. Neurocognitive growth charting in psychosis spectrum youths. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:366-374.
    • (2014) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 366-374
    • Gur, R.C.1    Calkins, M.E.2    Satterthwaite, T.D.3
  • 62
    • 32844457063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual decline in schizophrenia: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort 28 year follow-up study
    • Seidman LJ, Buka SL, Goldstein JM, Tsuang MT. Intellectual decline in schizophrenia: evidence from a prospective birth cohort 28 year follow-up study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006;28:225-242.
    • (2006) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.28 , pp. 225-242
    • Seidman, L.J.1    Buka, S.L.2    Goldstein, J.M.3    Tsuang, M.T.4
  • 63
    • 28544433166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elaboration on premorbid intellectual performance in schizophrenia: Premorbid intellectual decline and risk for schizophrenia
    • Reichenberg A, Weiser M, Rapp MA, et al. Elaboration on premorbid intellectual performance in schizophrenia: premorbid intellectual decline and risk for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:1297-1304.
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 1297-1304
    • Reichenberg, A.1    Weiser, M.2    Rapp, M.A.3
  • 64
    • 32844465735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive development in schizophrenia: Follow-back from the first episode
    • Bilder RM, Reiter G, Bates J, et al. Cognitive development in schizophrenia: follow-back from the first episode. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006;28:270-282.
    • (2006) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.28 , pp. 270-282
    • Bilder, R.M.1    Reiter, G.2    Bates, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.