Three-dimensional structure and evolution of the moisture field in the MJO

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 72, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 3733-3754

  Adames, Ángel F ^a   Wallace, John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Advection; Friction; Humidity; Madden Julian oscillation; Moisture moisture budget

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; BOUNDARY LAYERS; BUDGET CONTROL; CLIMATOLOGY; FRICTION; WIND EFFECTS;

EASTWARD PROPAGATION; HORIZONTAL ADVECTION; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; MOISTURE/MOISTURE BUDGETS; SPATIAL CORRELATIONS; THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; VELOCITY POTENTIALS;

MOISTURE;

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; FRICTION; HUMIDITY; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING;

INDIAN OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST);

EID: 84945543270     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0003.1     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Adames, Á. F., and J. M. Wallace, 2014a: Three-dimensional structure and evolution of the MJO and its relation to the mean flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 2007-2026, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0254.1.
2. Adames, Á. F., and J. M. Wallace, 2014b: Three-dimensional structure and evolution of the vertical velocity and divergence fields in the MJO. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 4661-4681, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-14-0091.1.
3. Andersen, J. A., and Z. Kuang, 2012: Moist static energy budget of MJO-like disturbances in the atmosphere of a zonally symmetric aquaplanet. J. Climate, 25, 2782-2804, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00168.1.
4. Barnes, H. C., and R. A. Houze, 2013: The precipitating cloud population of the Madden-Julian Oscillation over the Indian and west Pacific Oceans. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 6996-7023, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50375.
5. Bechtold, P., J.-P. Chaboureau, A. Beljaars, A. K. Betts, M. Köhler, M. Miller, and J.-L. Redelsperger, 2004: The simulation of the diurnal cycle of convective precipitation over land in a global model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 3119-3137, doi:10.1256/qj.03.103.
6. Benedict, J. J., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Observed characteristics of the MJO relative to maximum rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2332-2354, doi:10.1175/JAS3968.1.
7. Bony, S., and K. A. Emanuel, 2005: On the role of moist processes in tropical intraseasonal variability: Cloud-radiation and moisture-convection feedbacks. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2770-2789, doi:10.1175/JAS3506.1.
8. Bretherton, C. S., M. E. Peters, and L. E. Back, 2004: Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 17, 1517-1528,.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017,<1517:RBWVPA>2.2.0.CO;2.
9. Charney, J. G., 1963: A note on large-scale motions in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 607-609,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020,<0607:ANOLSM>2.2.0.CO;2.
10. Charney, J. G., and A. Eliassen, 1964: On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 68-75,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021,<0068:OTGOTH>2.2.0.CO;2.
11. Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
12. DeMott, C. A., C. Stan, D. A. Randall, and M. D. Branson, 2014: Intraseasonal variability in coupled GCMs: The roles of ocean feedbacks and model physics. J. Climate, 27, 4970-4995, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00760.1.
13. Duchon, C. E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016-1022,.doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018,<1016:LFIOAT>2.2.0.CO;2.
14. Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462, doi:10.1002/qj.49710644905.
15. Hagos, S., Z. Feng, K. Landu, and C. N. Long, 2014: Advection, moistening, and shallow-to-deep convection transitions during the initiation and propagation of Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 6, 938-949, doi:10.1002/2014MS000335.
16. Held, I. M., R. S. Hemler, and V. Ramaswamy, 1993: Radiativeconvective equilibrium with explicit two-dimensional moist convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3909-3927,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050,<3909:RCEWET>2.2.0.CO;2.
17. Hohenegger, C., and B. Stevens, 2013: Preconditioning deep convection with cumulus congestus. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 448-464, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-089.1.
18. Holloway, C. E., and J. D. Neelin, 2009: Moisture vertical structure, column water vapor, and tropical deep convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1665-1683, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2806.1.
19. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1982: Cloud clusters and large-scale vertical motions in the tropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 396-410.
20. Hsu, P.-C., and T. Li, 2012: Role of the boundary layer moisture asymmetry in causing the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 25, 4914-4931, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00310.1.
21. Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combinedsensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55, doi:10.1175/JHM560.1.
22. Jiang, X., and Coauthors, 2011: Vertical diabatic heating structure of the MJO: Intercomparison between recent reanalyses and TRMM estimates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3208-3223, doi:10.1175/2011MWR3636.1.
23. Johnson, R. H., and P. E. Ciesielski, 2013: Structure and properties of Madden-Julian oscillations deduced from DYNAMO sounding arrays. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3157-3179, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-065.1.
24. Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, J. H. Ruppert, and M. Katsumata, 2015: Soundingbased thermodynamic budgets for DYNAMO. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 598-622, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-14-0202.1.
25. Kållberg, P., P. Berrisford, B. Hoskins, A. Simmmons, S. Uppala, S. Lamy-Thépaut, and R. Hine, 2005: ERA-40 atlas. ECMWF Tech. Rep., 191 pp.
26. Kim, D., J.-S. Kug, and A. H. Sobel, 2014a: Propagating versus nonpropagating Madden-Julian oscillation events. J. Climate, 27, 111-125, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00084.1.
27. Kim, D., M.-I. Lee, D. Kim, S. Schubert, D. Waliser, and B. Tian, 2014b: Representation of tropical subseasonal variability of precipitation in global reanalyses. Climate Dyn., 43, 517-534, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1890-x.
28. Kiranmayi, L., and E. D. Maloney, 2011: Intraseasonal moist static energy budget in reanalysis data. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21117, doi:10.1029/2011JD016031.
29. Kumar, V. V., A. Protat, C. Jakob, and P. T. May, 2014: On the atmospheric regulation of the growth of moderate to deep cumulonimbus in a tropical environment. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 1105-1120, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0231.1.
30. Lau, K.-M., and L. Peng, 1987: Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 950-972,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044,<0950:OOLFOI>2.2.0.CO;2.
31. Lau, K.-M., and H.-T. Wu, 2010: Characteristics of precipitation, cloud, and latent heating associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 23, 504-518, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2920.1.
32. Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
33. Lin, J.-L., and B. E. Mapes, 2004: Radiation budget of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2050-2062,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061,<2050:RBOTTI>2.2.0.CO;2.
34. Lindzen, R. S., 1974: Wave-CISK in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 156-179,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031,<0156:WCITT>2.2.0.CO;2.
35. López Carrillo, C., and D. J. Raymond, 2005: Moisture tendency equations in a tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1601-1613, doi:10.1175/JAS3424.1.
36. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028,<0702:DOADOI>2.2.0.CO;2.
37. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029,<1109:DOGSCC>2.2.0.CO;2.
38. Majda, A. J., and S. N. Stechmann, 2009: The skeleton of tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 8417-8422, doi:10.1073/pnas.0903367106.
39. Maloney, E. D., 2009: The moist static energy budget of a composite tropical intraseasonal oscillation in a climate model. J. Climate, 22, 711-729, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2542.1.
40. Maloney, E. D., and D. L. Hartmann, 1998: Frictional moisture convergence in a composite life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 11, 2387-2403,.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011,<2387:FMCIAC>2.2.0.CO;2.
41. Maloney, E. D., and M. J. Dickinson, 2003: The intraseasonal oscillation and the energetics of summertime tropical western North Pacific synoptic-scale disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2153-2168,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060,<2153:TIOATE>2.2.0.CO;2.
42. Maloney, E. D., and S.-P. Xie, 2013: Sensitivity of tropical intraseasonal variability to the pattern of climate warming. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 5, 32-47, doi:10.1029/2012MS000171.
43. Mapes, B. E., and J. T. Bacmeister, 2012: Diagnosis of tropical biases and the MJO from patterns in the MERRA analysis tendency fields. J. Climate, 25, 6202-6214, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00424.1.
44. Masunaga, H., 2013: A satellite study of tropical moist convection and environmental variability: A moisture and thermal budget analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 2443-2466, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0273.1.
45. Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25-43.
46. Monteiro, J. M., Á. F. Adames, J. M. Wallace, and J. S. Sukhatme, 2014: Interpreting the upper level structure of the MaddenJulian oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 9158-9165, doi:10.1002/2014GL062518.
47. Muller, C. J., L. E. Back, P. A. O'Gorman, and K. A. Emanuel, 2009: A model for the relationship between tropical precipitation and column water vapor. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16804, doi:10.1029/2009GL039667.
48. Myers, D. S., and D. E. Waliser, 2003: Three-dimensional water vapor and cloud variations associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation during Northern Hemisphere winter. J. Climate, 16, 929-950,.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016,<0929:TDWVAC>2.2.0.CO;2.
49. Powell, S. W., and R. A. Houze, 2013: The cloud population and onset of the Madden-Julian Oscillation over the Indian Ocean during DYNAMO-AMIE. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 11 979-11 995, doi:10.1002/2013JD020421.
50. Pritchard, M. S., and C. S. Bretherton, 2014: Causal evidence that rotational moisture advection is critical to the superparameterized Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 800-815, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0119.1.
51. Raymond, D. J., and Ž. Fuchs, 2009: Moisture modes and the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 22, 3031-3046, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2739.1.
52. Schumacher, C., R. A. Houze, and I. Kraucunas, 2004: The tropical dynamical response to latent heating estimates derived from the TRMM precipitation radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1341-1358,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061,<1341:TTDRTL>2.2.0.CO;2.
53. Seo, K.-H., and W. Wang, 2010: The Madden-Julian oscillation simulated in the NCEP Climate Forecast System model: The importance of stratiform heating. J. Climate, 23, 4770-4793, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI2983.1.
54. Sobel, A. H., and C. S. Bretherton, 2000: Modeling tropical precipitation in a single column. J. Climate, 13, 4378-4392,.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013,<4378:MTPIAS>2.2.0.CO;2.
55. Sobel, A. H., and E. Maloney, 2013: Moisture modes and the eastward propagation of the MJO. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 187-192, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0189.1.
56. Tian, B., D. E. Waliser, E. J. Fetzer, and Y. L. Yung, 2010: Vertical moist thermodynamic structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation in Atmospheric Infrared Sounder retrievals: An update and a comparison to ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 4576-4582, doi:10.1175/2010MWR3486.1.
57. Wallace, J. M., and P. V. Hobbs, 2006: Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 92, Academic Press, 504 pp.
58. Wang, B., 1988: Dynamics of tropical low-frequency waves: An analysis of the moist Kelvin wave. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2051-2065,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045,<2051:DOTLFW>2.2.0.CO;2.
59. Wang, B., and H. Rui, 1990: Dynamics of the coupled moist Kelvin-Rossby wave on an equatorial b-plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 397-413,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047,<0397:DOTCMK>2.2.0.CO;2.
60. Wheeler, M. C., and H. H. Hendon, 2004: An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917-1932,.doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132,<1917:AARMMI>2.2.0.CO;2.
61. Xu, W., and S. A. Rutledge, 2014: Convective characteristics of the Madden-Julian oscillation over the central Indian Ocean observed by shipborne radar during DYNAMO. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 2859-2877, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0372.1.
62. Yanai, M., and R. H. Johnson, 1993: Impacts of cumulus convection on thermodynamic fields. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, Meteor. Monogr., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 39-62.
63. Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627,.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030,<0611:DOBPOT>2.2.0.CO;2.
64. Zhang, C., and J. Ling, 2012: Potential vorticity of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 65-78, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-081.1.
65. Zhu, H., and H. Hendon, 2015: Role of large-scale moisture advection for simulation of the MJO with increased entrainment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,.doi:10.1002/qj.2510,in press.